a copy of xv6.pdf that can be sent to turkey and duplexes correctly

1 files changed, 20918 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/xv6.ps b/xv6.ps
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a7a9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/xv6.ps
@@ -0,0 +1,20918 @@
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+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0200 // kalloc.c) 9.632 Tj
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+(0210 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(0226 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(0249 ) 3.01 Tj
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+0 0 Td
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+(0250 // picirq.c) 9.632 Tj
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+(0253 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0254 // 8253pit.c) 10.234 Tj
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+(0255 void pit8253_timerinit\(void\);) 20.468 Tj
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+(0256 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(0257 // mp.c) 7.224 Tj
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+(0262 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(0263 // lapic.c) 9.03 Tj
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+(0272 int cpu\(void\);) 11.438 Tj
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+(0273 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
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+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0278 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(0285 void getcallerpcs\(void*, uint*\);) 22.274 Tj
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+(0286 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(0287 // main.c) 8.428 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0288 void load_icode\(struct proc*, uchar*, uint\);) 29.498 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0289 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0290 // pipe.c) 8.428 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
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+(0292 struct file;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
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+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0297 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0298 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0299 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
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+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/defs.h  Page 3) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0300 // file.c) 8.428 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0301 struct stat;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0302 void fileinit\(void\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0303 struct file* filealloc\(void\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0304 void fileclose\(struct file*\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0305 int fileread\(struct file*, char*, int n\);) 27.692 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0306 int filewrite\(struct file*, char*, int n\);) 28.294 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0307 int filestat\(struct file*, struct stat*\);) 27.692 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0308 void fileincref\(struct file*\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0309 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0310 // ide.c) 7.826 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0311 void ide_init\(void\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0312 void ide_intr\(void\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0313 void ide_rw\(int, uint, void*, uint, int\);) 27.692 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0314 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0315 // bio.c) 7.826 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0316 void binit\(void\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0317 struct buf;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0318 struct buf* getblk\(uint dev, uint sector\);) 28.294 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0319 struct buf* bread\(uint, uint\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0320 void bwrite\(struct buf*, uint\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0321 void brelse\(struct buf*\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0322 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0323 // fs.c) 7.224 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0324 extern uint rootdev;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0325 void iinit\(void\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0326 struct inode* iget\(uint, uint\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0327 void ilock\(struct inode*\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0328 void iunlock\(struct inode*\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0329 void itrunc\(struct inode*\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0330 void idecref\(struct inode*\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0331 void iincref\(struct inode*\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0332 void iput\(struct inode*\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0333 struct inode* namei\(char*, int, uint*, char**, struct inode**\);) 40.936 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0334 void stati\(struct inode*, struct stat*\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0335 int readi\(struct inode*, char*, uint, uint\);) 29.498 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0336 int writei\(struct inode*, char*, uint, uint\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0337 struct inode* mknod\(char*, short, short, short\);) 31.906 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0338 struct inode* mknod1\(struct inode*, char*, short, short, short\);) 41.538 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0339 int unlink\(char*\);) 13.846 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0340 void iupdate\(struct inode*\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0341 int link\(char*, char*\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0342 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0343 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0344 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0345 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0346 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0347 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0348 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0349 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 03) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/x86.h  Page 1) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0350 // Special assembly routines to access x86-specific) 33.712 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0351 // hardware instructions.) 18.06 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0352 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0353 static __inline uchar) 15.652 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0354 inb\(int port\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0355 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0356   uchar data;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0357   __asm __volatile\("inb %w1,%0" : "=a" \(data\) : "d" \(port\)\);) 39.13 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0358   return data;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0359 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0360 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0361 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0362 insl\(int port, void *addr, int cnt\)) 24.08 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0363 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0364   __asm __volatile\("cld\\n\\trepne\\n\\tinsl"     :) 31.304 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0365                    "=D" \(addr\), "=c" \(cnt\)    :) 31.304 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0366                    "d" \(port\), "0" \(addr\), "1" \(cnt\)  :) 36.12 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0367                    "memory", "cc"\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0368 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0369 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0370 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0371 outb\(int port, uchar data\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0372 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0373   __asm __volatile\("outb %0,%w1" : : "a" \(data\), "d" \(port\)\);) 39.732 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0374 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0375 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0376 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0377 outw\(int port, ushort data\)) 19.264 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0378 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0379   __asm __volatile\("outw %0,%w1" : : "a" \(data\), "d" \(port\)\);) 39.732 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0380 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0381 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0382 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0383 outsl\(int port, const void *addr, int cnt\)) 28.294 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0384 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0385   __asm __volatile\("cld\\n\\trepne\\n\\toutsl"    :) 31.304 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0386                    "=S" \(addr\), "=c" \(cnt\)    :) 31.304 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0387                    "d" \(port\), "0" \(addr\), "1" \(cnt\)  :) 36.12 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0388                    "cc"\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0389 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0390 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0391 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0392 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0393 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0394 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0395 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0396 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0397 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0398 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0399 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 03) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 11 11
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/x86.h  Page 2) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0400 struct segdesc;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0401 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0402 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0403 lgdt\(struct segdesc *p, int size\)) 22.876 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0404 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0405   volatile ushort pd[3];) 17.458 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0406 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0407   pd[0] = size-1;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0408   pd[1] = \(uint\)p;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0409   pd[2] = \(uint\)p >> 16;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0410 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0411   asm volatile\("lgdt \(%0\)" : : "g" \(pd\)\);) 27.692 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0412 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0413 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0414 struct gatedesc;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0415 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0416 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0417 lidt\(struct gatedesc *p, int size\)) 23.478 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0418 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0419   volatile ushort pd[3];) 17.458 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0420 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0421   pd[0] = size-1;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0422   pd[1] = \(uint\)p;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0423   pd[2] = \(uint\)p >> 16;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0424 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0425   asm volatile\("lidt \(%0\)" : : "g" \(pd\)\);) 27.692 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0426 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0427 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0428 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0429 ltr\(ushort sel\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0430 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0431   __asm __volatile\("ltr %0" : : "r" \(sel\)\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0432 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0433 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0434 static __inline uint) 15.05 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0435 read_eflags\(void\)) 13.244 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0436 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0437   uint eflags;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0438   __asm __volatile\("pushfl; popl %0" : "=r" \(eflags\)\);) 35.518 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0439   return eflags;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0440 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0441 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0442 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0443 write_eflags\(uint eflags\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0444 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0445   __asm __volatile\("pushl %0; popfl" : : "r" \(eflags\)\);) 36.12 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0446 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0447 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0448 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0449 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 04) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/x86.h  Page 3) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0450 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0451 cpuid\(uint info, uint *eaxp, uint *ebxp, uint *ecxp, uint *edxp\)) 41.538 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0452 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0453   uint eax, ebx, ecx, edx;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0454   asm volatile\("cpuid" :) 17.458 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0455                "=a" \(eax\), "=b" \(ebx\), "=c" \(ecx\), "=d" \(edx\) :) 40.936 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0456                "a" \(info\)\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0457   if\(eaxp\)) 9.03 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0458     *eaxp = eax;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0459   if\(ebxp\)) 9.03 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0460     *ebxp = ebx;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0461   if\(ecxp\)) 9.03 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0462     *ecxp = ecx;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0463   if\(edxp\)) 9.03 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0464     *edxp = edx;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0465 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0466 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0467 static __inline uint) 15.05 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0468 cmpxchg\(uint oldval, uint newval, volatile uint* lock_addr\)) 38.528 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0469 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0470   uint result;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0471   __asm__ __volatile__\("lock; cmpxchgl %2, %0" :) 31.906 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0472                        "+m" \(*lock_addr\), "=a" \(result\) :) 37.324 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0473                        "r"\(newval\), "1"\(oldval\) :) 32.508 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0474                        "cc"\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0475   return result;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0476 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0477 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0478 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0479 cli\(void\)) 8.428 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0480 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0481   __asm__ volatile\("cli"\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0482 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0483 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0484 static __inline void) 15.05 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0485 sti\(void\)) 8.428 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0486 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0487   __asm__ volatile\("sti"\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0488 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0489 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0490 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0491 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0492 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0493 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0494 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0495 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0496 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0497 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0498 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0499 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 04) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 12 12
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/x86.h  Page 4) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0500 // Layout of the trap frame on the stack upon entry to trap.) 39.13 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0501 struct trapframe {) 13.846 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0502   // registers as pushed by pusha) 22.876 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0503   uint edi;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0504   uint esi;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0505   uint ebp;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0506   uint oesp;      // useless & ignored) 25.886 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0507   uint ebx;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0508   uint edx;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0509   uint ecx;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0510   uint eax;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0511 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0512   // rest of trap frame) 16.856 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0513   ushort es;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0514   ushort padding1;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0515   ushort ds;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0516   ushort padding2;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0517   uint trapno;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0518 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0519   // below here defined by x86 hardware) 26.488 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0520   uint err;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0521   uint eip;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0522   ushort cs;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0523   ushort padding3;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0524   uint eflags;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0525 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0526   // below here only when crossing rings, such as from user to kernel) 44.548 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0527   uint esp;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0528   ushort ss;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0529   ushort padding4;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0530 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0531 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0532 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0533 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0534 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0535 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0536 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0537 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0538 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0539 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0540 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0541 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0542 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0543 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0544 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0545 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0546 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0547 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0548 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0549 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 05) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/asm.h  Page 1) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0550 //) 4.214 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0551 // macros to create x86 segments from assembler) 31.304 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0552 //) 4.214 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0553 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0554 #define SEG_NULLASM                                             \\) 42.14 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0555         .word 0, 0;                                             \\) 42.14 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0556         .byte 0, 0, 0, 0) 17.458 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0557 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0558 #define SEG_ASM\(type,base,lim\)                                  \\) 42.14 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0559         .word \(\(\(lim\) >> 12\) & 0xffff\), \(\(base\) & 0xffff\);      \\) 42.14 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0560         .byte \(\(\(base\) >> 16\) & 0xff\), \(0x90 | \(type\)\),         \\) 42.14 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0561                 \(0xC0 | \(\(\(lim\) >> 28\) & 0xf\)\), \(\(\(base\) >> 24\) & 0xff\)) 45.752 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0562 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0563 #define STA_X     0x8       // Executable segment) 32.508 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0564 #define STA_E     0x4       // Expand down \(non-executable segments\)) 43.946 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0565 #define STA_C     0x4       // Conforming code segment \(executable only\)) 46.354 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0566 #define STA_W     0x2       // Writeable \(non-executable segments\)) 42.742 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0567 #define STA_R     0x2       // Readable \(executable segments\)) 39.732 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0568 #define STA_A     0x1       // Accessed) 26.488 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0569 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0570 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0571 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0572 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0573 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0574 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0575 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0576 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0577 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0578 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0579 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0580 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0581 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0582 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0583 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0584 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0585 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0586 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0587 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0588 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0589 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0590 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0591 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0592 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0593 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0594 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0595 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0596 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0597 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0598 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0599 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 05) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 13 13
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mmu.h  Page 1) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0600 // This file contains definitions for the) 27.692 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0601 // x86 memory management unit \(MMU\).) 24.682 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0602 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0603 // Eflags register) 13.846 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0604 #define FL_CF           0x00000001      // Carry Flag) 34.916 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0605 #define FL_PF           0x00000004      // Parity Flag) 35.518 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0606 #define FL_AF           0x00000010      // Auxiliary carry Flag) 40.936 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0607 #define FL_ZF           0x00000040      // Zero Flag) 34.314 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0608 #define FL_SF           0x00000080      // Sign Flag) 34.314 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0609 #define FL_TF           0x00000100      // Trap Flag) 34.314 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0610 #define FL_IF           0x00000200      // Interrupt Enable) 38.528 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0611 #define FL_DF           0x00000400      // Direction Flag) 37.324 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0612 #define FL_OF           0x00000800      // Overflow Flag) 36.722 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0613 #define FL_IOPL_MASK    0x00003000      // I/O Privilege Level bitmask) 45.15 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0614 #define FL_IOPL_0       0x00000000      //   IOPL == 0) 35.518 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0615 #define FL_IOPL_1       0x00001000      //   IOPL == 1) 35.518 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0616 #define FL_IOPL_2       0x00002000      //   IOPL == 2) 35.518 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0617 #define FL_IOPL_3       0x00003000      //   IOPL == 3) 35.518 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0618 #define FL_NT           0x00004000      // Nested Task) 35.518 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0619 #define FL_RF           0x00010000      // Resume Flag) 35.518 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0620 #define FL_VM           0x00020000      // Virtual 8086 mode) 39.13 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0621 #define FL_AC           0x00040000      // Alignment Check) 37.926 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0622 #define FL_VIF          0x00080000      // Virtual Interrupt Flag) 42.14 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0623 #define FL_VIP          0x00100000      // Virtual Interrupt Pending) 43.946 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0624 #define FL_ID           0x00200000      // ID flag) 33.11 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0625 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0626 // Segment Descriptor) 15.652 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0627 struct segdesc {) 12.642 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0628   uint lim_15_0 : 16;  // Low bits of segment limit) 33.712 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0629   uint base_15_0 : 16; // Low bits of segment base address) 37.926 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0630   uint base_23_16 : 8; // Middle bits of segment base address) 39.732 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0631   uint type : 4;       // Segment type \(see STS_ constants\)) 38.528 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0632   uint s : 1;          // 0 = system, 1 = application) 34.916 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0633   uint dpl : 2;        // Descriptor Privilege Level) 34.314 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0634   uint p : 1;          // Present) 22.876 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0635   uint lim_19_16 : 4;  // High bits of segment limit) 34.314 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0636   uint avl : 1;        // Unused \(available for software use\)) 39.732 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0637   uint rsv1 : 1;       // Reserved) 23.478 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0638   uint db : 1;         // 0 = 16-bit segment, 1 = 32-bit segment) 41.538 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0639   uint g : 1;          // Granularity: limit scaled by 4K when set) 42.742 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0640   uint base_31_24 : 8; // High bits of segment base address) 38.528 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0641 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0642 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0643 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0644 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0645 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0646 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0647 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0648 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0649 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 06) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mmu.h  Page 2) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0650 // Null segment) 12.04 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0651 #define SEG_NULL        \(struct segdesc\){ 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 }) 44.548 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0652 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0653 // Normal segment) 13.244 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0654 #define SEG\(type, base, lim, dpl\) \(struct segdesc\)                      \\) 46.956 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0655 { \(\(lim\) >> 12\) & 0xffff, \(base\) & 0xffff, \(\(base\) >> 16\) & 0xff,       \\) 46.956 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0656     type, 1, dpl, 1, \(uint\) \(lim\) >> 28, 0, 0, 1, 1,            \\) 42.14 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0657     \(uint\) \(base\) >> 24 }) 18.06 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0658 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0659 #define SEG16\(type, base, lim, dpl\) \(struct segdesc\)                    \\) 46.956 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0660 { \(lim\) & 0xffff, \(base\) & 0xffff, \(\(base\) >> 16\) & 0xff,               \\) 46.956 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0661     type, 1, dpl, 1, \(uint\) \(lim\) >> 16, 0, 0, 1, 0,            \\) 42.14 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0662     \(uint\) \(base\) >> 24 }) 18.06 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0663 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0664 // Application segment type bits) 22.274 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0665 #define STA_X       0x8     // Executable segment) 32.508 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0666 #define STA_E       0x4     // Expand down \(non-executable segments\)) 43.946 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0667 #define STA_C       0x4     // Conforming code segment \(executable only\)) 46.354 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0668 #define STA_W       0x2     // Writeable \(non-executable segments\)) 42.742 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0669 #define STA_R       0x2     // Readable \(executable segments\)) 39.732 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0670 #define STA_A       0x1     // Accessed) 26.488 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0671 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0672 // System segment type bits) 19.264 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0673 #define STS_T16A    0x1     // Available 16-bit TSS) 33.712 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0674 #define STS_LDT     0x2     // Local Descriptor Table) 34.916 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0675 #define STS_T16B    0x3     // Busy 16-bit TSS) 30.702 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0676 #define STS_CG16    0x4     // 16-bit Call Gate) 31.304 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0677 #define STS_TG      0x5     // Task Gate / Coum Transmitions) 39.13 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0678 #define STS_IG16    0x6     // 16-bit Interrupt Gate) 34.314 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0679 #define STS_TG16    0x7     // 16-bit Trap Gate) 31.304 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0680 #define STS_T32A    0x9     // Available 32-bit TSS) 33.712 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0681 #define STS_T32B    0xB     // Busy 32-bit TSS) 30.702 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0682 #define STS_CG32    0xC     // 32-bit Call Gate) 31.304 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0683 #define STS_IG32    0xE     // 32-bit Interrupt Gate) 34.314 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0684 #define STS_TG32    0xF     // 32-bit Trap Gate) 31.304 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0685 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0686 // Task state segment format) 19.866 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0687 struct taskstate {) 13.846 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0688   uint link;      // Old ts selector) 24.682 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0689   uint esp0;      // Stack pointers and segment selectors) 37.324 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0690   ushort ss0;     //   after an increase in privilege level) 38.528 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0691   ushort padding1;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0692   uint *esp1;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0693   ushort ss1;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0694   ushort padding2;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0695   uint *esp2;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0696   ushort ss2;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0697   ushort padding3;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0698   void *cr3;     // Page directory base) 26.488 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0699   uint *eip;     // Saved state from last task switch) 34.916 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 06) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 14 14
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mmu.h  Page 3) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0700   uint eflags;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0701   uint eax;       // More saved state \(registers\)) 32.508 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0702   uint ecx;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0703   uint edx;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0704   uint ebx;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0705   uint *esp;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0706   uint *ebp;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0707   uint esi;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0708   uint edi;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0709   ushort es;              // Even more saved state \(segment selectors\)) 45.15 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0710   ushort padding4;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0711   ushort cs;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0712   ushort padding5;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0713   ushort ss;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0714   ushort padding6;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0715   ushort ds;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0716   ushort padding7;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0717   ushort fs;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0718   ushort padding8;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0719   ushort gs;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0720   ushort padding9;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0721   ushort ldt;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0722   ushort padding10;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0723   ushort t;               // Trap on task switch) 31.906 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0724   ushort iomb;    // I/O map base address) 27.692 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0725 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0726 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0727 // Gate descriptors for interrupts and traps) 29.498 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0728 struct gatedesc {) 13.244 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0729   uint off_15_0 : 16;   // low 16 bits of offset in segment) 38.528 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0730   uint ss : 16;         // segment selector) 28.896 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0731   uint args : 5;        // # args, 0 for interrupt/trap gates) 39.732 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0732   uint rsv1 : 3;        // reserved\(should be zero I guess\)) 38.528 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0733   uint type : 4;        // type\(STS_{TG,IG32,TG32}\)) 33.712 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0734   uint s : 1;           // must be 0 \(system\)) 30.1 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0735   uint dpl : 2;         // descriptor\(meaning new\) privilege level) 42.742 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0736   uint p : 1;           // Present) 23.478 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0737   uint off_31_16 : 16;  // high bits of offset in segment) 37.324 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0738 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0739 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0740 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0741 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0742 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0743 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0744 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0745 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0746 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0747 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0748 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0749 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 07) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mmu.h  Page 4) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0750 // Set up a normal interrupt/trap gate descriptor.) 33.11 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0751 // - istrap: 1 for a trap \(= exception\) gate, 0 for an interrupt gate.) 45.15 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0752 //   interrupt gate clears FL_IF, trap gate leaves FL_IF alone) 40.334 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0753 // - sel: Code segment selector for interrupt/trap handler) 37.926 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0754 // - off: Offset in code segment for interrupt/trap handler) 38.528 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0755 // - dpl: Descriptor Privilege Level -) 25.886 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0756 //        the privilege level required for software to invoke) 39.732 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0757 //        this interrupt/trap gate explicitly using an int instruction.) 45.752 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0758 #define SETGATE\(gate, istrap, sel, off, d\)                      \\) 42.14 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0759 {                                                               \\) 42.14 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0760   \(gate\).off_15_0 = \(uint\) \(off\) & 0xffff;                \\) 38.528 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0761   \(gate\).ss = \(sel\);                                      \\) 38.528 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0762   \(gate\).args = 0;                                        \\) 38.528 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0763   \(gate\).rsv1 = 0;                                        \\) 38.528 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0764   \(gate\).type = \(istrap\) ? STS_TG32 : STS_IG32;   \\) 33.712 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0765   \(gate\).s = 0;                                   \\) 33.712 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0766   \(gate\).dpl = \(d\);                                       \\) 38.528 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0767   \(gate\).p = 1;                                   \\) 33.712 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0768   \(gate\).off_31_16 = \(uint\) \(off\) >> 16;          \\) 33.712 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0769 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0770 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0771 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0772 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0773 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0774 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0775 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0776 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0777 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0778 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0779 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0780 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0781 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0782 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0783 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0784 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0785 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0786 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0787 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0788 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0789 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0790 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0791 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0792 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0793 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0794 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0795 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0796 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0797 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0798 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0799 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 07) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 15 15
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
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+0 j
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+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
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+q
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+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/elf.h  Page 1) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0800 // Format of an ELF executable file) 24.08 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0801 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0802 #define ELF_MAGIC 0x464C457FU  // "\\x7FELF" in little endian) 39.13 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0803 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0804 // File header) 11.438 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0805 struct elfhdr {) 12.04 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0806   uint magic;  // must equal ELF_MAGIC) 25.886 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0807   uchar elf[12];) 12.642 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0808   ushort type;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0809   ushort machine;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0810   uint version;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0811   uint entry;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0812   uint phoff;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0813   uint shoff;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0814   uint flags;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0815   ushort ehsize;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0816   ushort phentsize;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0817   ushort phnum;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0818   ushort shentsize;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0819   ushort shnum;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0820   ushort shstrndx;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0821 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0822 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0823 // Program section header) 18.06 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0824 struct proghdr {) 12.642 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0825   uint type;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0826   uint offset;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0827   uint va;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0828   uint pa;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0829   uint filesz;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0830   uint memsz;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0831   uint flags;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0832   uint align;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0833 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0834 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0835 // Values for Proghdr type) 18.662 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0836 #define ELF_PROG_LOAD           1) 22.876 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0837 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0838 // Flag bits for Proghdr flags) 21.07 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0839 #define ELF_PROG_FLAG_EXEC      1) 22.876 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0840 #define ELF_PROG_FLAG_WRITE     2) 22.876 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0841 #define ELF_PROG_FLAG_READ      4) 22.876 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0842 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0843 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0844 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0845 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0846 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0847 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0848 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0849 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 08) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.h  Page 1) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0850 // See MultiProcessor Specification Version 1.[14].) 33.712 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0851 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0852 struct mp {             // floating pointer) 28.896 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0853   uchar signature[4];           // "_MP_") 27.692 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0854   void *physaddr;               // phys addr of MP config table) 40.936 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0855   uchar length;                 // 1) 24.682 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0856   uchar specrev;                // [14]) 26.488 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0857   uchar checksum;               // all bytes must add up to 0) 39.732 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0858   uchar type;                   // MP system config type) 36.722 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0859   uchar imcrp;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0860   uchar reserved[3];) 15.05 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0861 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0862 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0863 struct mpctb {          // configuration table header) 34.916 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0864   uchar signature[4];           // "PCMP") 27.692 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0865   ushort length;                // total table length) 34.916 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0866   uchar version;                // [14]) 26.488 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0867   uchar checksum;               // all bytes must add up to 0) 39.732 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0868   uchar product[20];            // product id) 30.1 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0869   uint *oemtable;               // OEM table pointer) 34.314 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0870   ushort oemlength;             // OEM table length) 33.712 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0871   ushort entry;                 // entry count) 30.702 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0872   uint *lapicaddr;              // address of local APIC) 36.722 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0873   ushort xlength;               // extended table length) 36.722 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0874   uchar xchecksum;              // extended table checksum) 37.926 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0875   uchar reserved;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0876 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0877 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0878 struct mppe {           // processor table entry) 31.906 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0879   uchar type;                   // entry type \(0\)) 32.508 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0880   uchar apicid;                 // local APIC id) 31.906 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0881   uchar version;                // local APIC verison) 34.916 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0882   uchar flags;                  // CPU flags) 29.498 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0883   uchar signature[4];           // CPU signature) 31.906 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0884   uint feature;                 // feature flags from CPUID instruction) 45.752 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0885   uchar reserved[8];) 15.05 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0886 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0887 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0888 struct mpbe {           // bus table entry) 28.294 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0889   uchar type;                   // entry type \(1\)) 32.508 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0890   uchar busno;                  // bus id) 27.692 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0891   char string[6];               // bus type string) 33.11 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0892 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0893 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0894 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0895 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0896 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0897 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0898 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0899 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 08) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 16 16
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.h  Page 2) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0900 struct mpioapic {       // I/O APIC table entry) 31.304 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0901   uchar type;                   // entry type \(2\)) 32.508 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0902   uchar apicno;                 // I/O APIC id) 30.702 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0903   uchar version;                // I/O APIC version) 33.712 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0904   uchar flags;                  // I/O APIC flags) 32.508 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0905   uint *addr;                  // I/O APIC address) 33.11 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0906 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0907 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0908 struct mpie {           // interrupt table entry) 31.906 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0909   uchar type;                   // entry type \([34]\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0910   uchar intr;                   // interrupt type) 32.508 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0911   ushort flags;                 // interrupt flag) 32.508 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0912   uchar busno;                  // source bus id) 31.906 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0913   uchar irq;                    // source bus irq) 32.508 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0914   uchar apicno;                 // destination APIC id) 35.518 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0915   uchar intin;                  // destination APIC [L]INTIN#) 39.732 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0916 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0917 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0918 enum {                  // table entry types) 29.498 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0919   MPPROCESSOR   = 0x00,         // one entry per processor) 37.926 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0920   MPBUS = 0x01,                 // one entry per bus) 34.314 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0921   MPIOAPIC = 0x02,              // one entry per I/O APIC) 37.324 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0922   MPIOINTR = 0x03,              // one entry per bus interrupt source) 44.548 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0923   MPLINTR = 0x04,               // one entry per system interrupt source) 46.354 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0924 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0925   MPSASM = 0x80,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0926   MPHIERARCHY   = 0x81,) 16.856 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0927   MPCBASM = 0x82,) 13.244 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0928 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0929                         // PCMPprocessor and PCMPioapic flags) 39.732 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0930   MPEN = 0x01,                  // enabled) 28.294 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0931   MPBP = 0x02,                  // bootstrap processor) 35.518 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0932 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0933                         // PCMPiointr and PCMPlintr flags) 37.324 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0934   MPPOMASK = 0x03,              // polarity conforms to bus specs) 42.14 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0935   MPHIGH = 0x01,                // active high) 30.702 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0936   MPLOW = 0x03,                 // active low) 30.1 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0937   MPELMASK = 0x0C,              // trigger mode of APIC input signals) 44.548 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0938   MPEDGE = 0x04,                // edge-triggered) 32.508 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0939   MPLEVEL = 0x0C,               // level-triggered) 33.11 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0940 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0941                         // PCMPiointr and PCMPlintr interrupt type) 42.742 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0942   MPINT = 0x00,                 // vectored interrupt from APIC Rdt) 43.344 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0943   MPNMI = 0x01,                 // non-maskable interrupt) 37.324 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0944   MPSMI = 0x02,                 // system management interrupt) 40.334 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0945   MPExtINT = 0x03,              // vectored interrupt from external PIC) 45.752 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0946 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0947 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0948 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0949 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 09) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.h  Page 3) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(0950 // Common bits for) 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(0951 //      I/O APIC Redirection Table Entry;) 27.692 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(0952 //      Local APIC Local Interrupt Vector Table;) 31.906 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(0953 //      Local APIC Inter-Processor Interrupt;) 30.1 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(0954 //      Local APIC Timer Vector Table.) 25.886 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(0955 enum {) 6.622 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(0956   APIC_FIXED     = 0x00000000,  // [10:8] Delivery Mode) 36.12 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(0957   APIC_LOWEST    = 0x00000100,  // Lowest priority) 33.11 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(0958   APIC_SMI       = 0x00000200,  // System Management Interrupt) 40.334 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(0959   APIC_RR        = 0x00000300,  // Remote Read) 30.702 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(0960   APIC_NMI       = 0x00000400,) 21.07 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(0961   APIC_INIT      = 0x00000500,  // INIT/RESET) 30.1 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(0962   APIC_STARTUP   = 0x00000600,  // Startup IPI) 30.702 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(0963   APIC_EXTINT    = 0x00000700,) 21.07 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(0964 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(0965   APIC_PHYSICAL  = 0x00000000,  // [11] Destination Mode \(RW\)) 39.732 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(0966   APIC_LOGICAL   = 0x00000800,) 21.07 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(0967 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(0968   APIC_DELIVS    = 0x00001000,  // [12] Delivery Status \(RO\)) 39.13 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(0969   APIC_HIGH      = 0x00000000,  // [13] Interrupt Input Pin Polarity \(RW\)) 46.956 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(0970   APIC_LOW       = 0x00002000,) 21.07 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(0971   APIC_REMOTEIRR = 0x00004000,  // [14] Remote IRR \(RO\)) 36.12 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(0972   APIC_EDGE      = 0x00000000,  // [15] Trigger Mode \(RW\)) 37.324 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(0973   APIC_LEVEL     = 0x00008000,) 21.07 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(0974   APIC_IMASK     = 0x00010000,  // [16] Interrupt Mask) 35.518 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(0975 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(0976 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(0977 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(0978 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(0979 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(0980 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(0981 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(0982 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(0983 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(0984 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(0985 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(0986 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(0987 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(0988 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(0989 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(0990 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(0991 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(0992 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(0993 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(0994 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(0995 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(0996 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(0997 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(0998 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(0999 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 09) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 17 17
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bootasm.S  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1000 #include "asm.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1001 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1002 .set PROT_MODE_CSEG,0x8         # code segment selector) 36.12 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1003 .set PROT_MODE_DSEG,0x10        # data segment selector) 36.12 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1004 .set CR0_PE_ON,0x1              # protected mode enable flag) 39.13 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1005 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1006 #########################################################################) 46.956 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1007 # ENTRY POINT for the bootstrap processor) 27.692 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1008 #   This code should be stored in the first sector of the hard disk.) 43.946 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1009 #   After the BIOS initializes the hardware on startup or system reset,) 45.752 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1010 #   it loads this code at physical address 0x7c00 - 0x7d00 \(512 bytes\).) 45.752 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1011 #   Then the BIOS jumps to the beginning of it, address 0x7c00,) 40.936 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1012 #   while running in 16-bit real-mode \(8086 compatibility mode\).) 41.538 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1013 #   The Code Segment register \(CS\) is initially zero on entry.) 40.334 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1014 #) 3.612 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1015 # This code switches into 32-bit protected mode so that all of) 40.334 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1016 # memory can accessed, then calls into C.) 27.692 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1017 #########################################################################) 46.956 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1018 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1019 .globl start                      # Entry point) 31.304 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1020 start:) 6.622 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1021 .code16                           # This runs in real mode) 37.926 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1022   cli                             # Disable interrupts) 35.518 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1023   cld                             # String operations increment) 40.936 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1024 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1025   # Set up the important data segment registers \(DS, ES, SS\).) 39.732 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1026   xorw    %ax,%ax                 # Segment number zero) 36.12 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1027   movw    %ax,%ds                 # -> Data Segment) 33.712 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1028   movw    %ax,%es                 # -> Extra Segment) 34.314 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1029   movw    %ax,%ss                 # -> Stack Segment) 34.314 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1030 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1031   # Set up the stack pointer, growing downward from 0x7c00.) 38.528 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1032   movw    $start,%sp              # Stack Pointer) 32.508 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1033 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1034   # Enable A20:) 12.04 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1035   #   For fascinating historical reasons \(related to the fact that) 42.742 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1036   #   the earliest 8086-based PCs could only address 1MB of physical) 43.946 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1037   #   memory and subsequent 80286-based PCs wanted to retain maximum) 43.946 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1038   #   compatibility\), physical address line 20 is tied to low when the) 45.15 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1039   #   machine boots.  Obviously this a bit of a drag for us, especially) 45.752 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1040   #   when trying to address memory above 1MB.  This code undoes this.) 45.15 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1041 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1042 seta20.1:) 8.428 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1043   inb     $0x64,%al               # Get status) 30.702 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1044   testb   $0x2,%al                # Busy?) 27.692 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1045   jnz     seta20.1                # Yes) 26.488 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1046   movb    $0xd1,%al               # Command: Write) 33.11 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1047   outb    %al,$0x64               #  output port) 31.906 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1048 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1049 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 10) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bootasm.S  Page 2) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1050 seta20.2:) 8.428 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1051   inb     $0x64,%al               # Get status) 30.702 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1052   testb   $0x2,%al                # Busy?) 27.692 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1053   jnz     seta20.2                # Yes) 26.488 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1054   movb    $0xdf,%al               # Enable) 28.294 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1055   outb    %al,$0x60               #  A20) 27.09 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1056 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1057 # Switch from real to protected mode) 24.682 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1058 #  The descriptors in our GDT allow all physical memory to be accessed.) 45.752 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1059 #  Furthermore, the descriptors have base addresses of 0, so that the) 44.548 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1060 #  segment translation is a NOP, ie. virtual addresses are identical to) 45.752 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1061 #  their physical addresses.  With this setup, immediately after) 41.538 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1062 #  enabling protected mode it will still appear to this code) 39.13 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1063 #  that it is running directly on physical memory with no translation.) 45.15 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1064 #  This initial NOP-translation setup is required by the processor) 42.742 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1065 #  to ensure that the transition to protected mode occurs smoothly.) 43.344 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1066 real_to_prot:) 10.836 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1067   cli                         # Mandatory since we dont set up an IDT) 44.548 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1068   lgdt    gdtdesc             # load GDT -- mandatory in protected mode) 45.752 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1069   movl    %cr0, %eax          # turn on protected mode) 35.518 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1070   orl     $CR0_PE_ON, %eax    #) 21.672 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1071   movl    %eax, %cr0          #) 21.672 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1072   ### CPU magic: jump to relocation, flush prefetch queue, and reload %cs) 46.956 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1073   ### Has the effect of just jmp to the next instruction, but simultaneous) 47.558 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1074   ### loads CS with $PROT_MODE_CSEG.) 24.682 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1075   ljmp    $PROT_MODE_CSEG, $protcseg) 24.682 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1076 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1077 #### we are in 32-bit protected mode \(hence the .code32\)) 36.722 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1078 .code32) 7.224 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1079 protcseg:) 8.428 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1080   # Set up the protected-mode data segment registers) 34.314 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1081   movw    $PROT_MODE_DSEG, %ax    # Our data segment selector) 39.732 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1082   movw    %ax, %ds                # -> DS: Data Segment) 36.12 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1083   movw    %ax, %es                # -> ES: Extra Segment) 36.722 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1084   movw    %ax, %fs                # -> FS) 27.692 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1085   movw    %ax, %gs                # -> GS) 27.692 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1086   movw    %ax, %ss                # -> SS: Stack Segment) 36.722 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1087   call cmain                      # finish the boot load from C.) 41.538 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1088                                   # cmain\(\) should not return) 39.732 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1089 spin:) 6.02 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1090   jmp spin                        # ..but in case it does, spin) 40.936 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1091 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1092 .p2align 2                                # force 4 byte alignment) 42.742 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1093 gdt:) 5.418 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1094   SEG_NULLASM                             # null seg) 34.314 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1095   SEG_ASM\(STA_X|STA_R, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)   # code seg) 34.314 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1096   SEG_ASM\(STA_W, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)         # data seg) 34.314 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1097 gdtdesc:) 7.826 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1098   .word   0x17                            # sizeof\(gdt\) - 1) 38.528 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1099   .long   gdt                             # address gdt) 36.12 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 10) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 18 18
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bootother.S  Page 1) 25.284 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1100 #include "asm.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1101 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1102 # Start an Application Processor. This must be placed on a 4KB boundary) 45.752 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1103 # somewhere in the 1st MB of conventional memory \(APBOOTSTRAP\). However,) 46.354 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1104 # due to some shortcuts below it's restricted further to within the 1st) 45.752 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1105 # 64KB. The AP starts in real-mode, with) 27.09 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1106 #   CS selector set to the startup memory address/16;) 34.916 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1107 #   CS base set to startup memory address;) 28.294 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1108 #   CS limit set to 64KB;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1109 #   CPL and IP set to 0.) 17.458 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1110 #) 3.612 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1111 # mp.c causes each non-boot CPU in turn to jump to start.) 37.324 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1112 # mp.c puts the correct %esp in start-4, and the place to jump) 40.334 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1113 # to in start-8.) 12.642 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1114 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1115 .set PROT_MODE_CSEG,0x8         # code segment selector) 36.12 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1116 .set PROT_MODE_DSEG,0x10        # data segment selector) 36.12 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1117 .set CR0_PE_ON,0x1              # protected mode enable flag) 39.13 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1118 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1119 .globl start) 10.234 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1120 start:) 6.622 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1121   .code16                     # This runs in real mode) 35.518 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1122   cli                         # Disable interrupts) 33.11 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1123   cld                         # String operations increment) 38.528 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1124 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1125   # Set up the important data segment registers \(DS, ES, SS\).) 39.732 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1126   xorw    %ax,%ax             # Segment number zero) 33.712 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1127   movw    %ax,%ds             # -> Data Segment) 31.304 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1128   movw    %ax,%es             # -> Extra Segment) 31.906 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1129   movw    %ax,%ss             # -> Stack Segment) 31.906 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1130 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1131   # Set up the stack pointer, growing downward from 0x7000-8.) 39.732 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1132   movw    $start-8,%sp        # Stack Pointer) 30.1 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1133 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1134   # Switch from real to protected mode) 25.886 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1135   #  The descriptors in our GDT allow all physical memory to be accessed.) 46.956 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1136   #  Furthermore, the descriptors have base addresses of 0, so that the) 45.752 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1137   #  segment translation is a NOP, ie. virtual addresses are identical to) 46.956 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1138   #  their physical addresses.  With this setup, immediately after) 42.742 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1139   #  enabling protected mode it will still appear to this code) 40.334 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1140   #  that it is running directly on physical memory with no translation.) 46.354 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1141   #  This initial NOP-translation setup is required by the processor) 43.946 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1142   #  to ensure that the transition to protected mode occurs smoothly.) 44.548 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1143 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1144   lgdt    gdtdesc             # load GDT -- mandatory in protected mode) 45.752 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1145   movl    %cr0, %eax          # turn on protected mode) 35.518 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1146   orl     $CR0_PE_ON, %eax    #) 21.672 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1147   movl    %eax, %cr0          #) 21.672 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1148 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1149 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 11) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bootother.S  Page 2) 25.284 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1150   # CPU magic: jump to relocation, flush prefetch queue, and reload %cs) 45.752 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1151   # Has the effect of just jmp to the next instruction, but simultaneous) 46.354 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1152   # loads CS with $PROT_MODE_CSEG.) 23.478 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1153   ljmp    $PROT_MODE_CSEG, $protcseg) 24.682 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1154 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1155 # We are now in 32-bit protected mode \(hence the .code32\)) 37.324 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1156 .code32) 7.224 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1157 protcseg:) 8.428 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1158   # Set up the protected-mode data segment registers) 34.314 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1159   movw    $PROT_MODE_DSEG, %ax    # Our data segment selector) 39.732 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1160   movw    %ax, %ds                # -> DS: Data Segment) 36.12 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1161   movw    %ax, %es                # -> ES: Extra Segment) 36.722 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1162   movw    %ax, %fs                # -> FS) 27.692 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1163   movw    %ax, %gs                # -> GS) 27.692 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1164   movw    %ax, %ss                # -> SS: Stack Segment) 36.722 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1165 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1166   movl    start-8, %eax) 16.856 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1167   movl    start-4, %esp) 16.856 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1168   jmp     *%eax) 12.04 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1169 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1170 .p2align 2                                # force 4 byte alignment) 42.742 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1171 gdt:) 5.418 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1172   SEG_NULLASM                             # null seg) 34.314 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1173   SEG_ASM\(STA_X|STA_R, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)   # code seg) 34.314 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1174   SEG_ASM\(STA_W, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)         # data seg) 34.314 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1175 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1176 gdtdesc:) 7.826 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1177   .word   0x17                            # sizeof\(gdt\) - 1) 38.528 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1178   .long   gdt                             # address gdt) 36.12 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1179 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1180 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1181 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1182 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1183 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1184 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1185 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1186 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1187 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1188 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1189 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1190 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1191 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1192 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1193 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1194 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1195 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1196 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1197 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1198 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1199 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 11) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 19 19
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/main.c  Page 1) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1200 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1201 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1202 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1203 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1204 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1205 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1206 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1207 #include "syscall.h") 15.05 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1208 #include "elf.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1209 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1210 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1211 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1212 extern char edata[], end[];) 19.264 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1213 extern uchar _binary__init_start[], _binary__init_size[];) 37.324 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1214 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1215 void process0\(\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1216 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1217 // Bootstrap processor starts running C code here.) 33.11 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1218 // This is called main0 not main so that it can have) 34.314 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1219 // a void return type.  Gcc can't handle functions named) 36.722 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1220 // main that don't return int.  Really.) 26.488 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1221 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1222 main0\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1223 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1224   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1225   int bcpu;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1226   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1227 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1228   // clear BSS) 11.438 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1229   memset\(edata, 0, end - edata\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1230 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1231   // Prevent release\(\) from enabling interrupts.) 31.906 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1232   for\(i=0; i<NCPU; i++\)) 16.856 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1233     cpus[i].nlock = 1;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1234 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1235   mp_init\(\); // collect info about this machine) 31.304 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1236   bcpu = mp_bcpu\(\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1237 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1238   // switch to bootstrap processor's stack) 28.294 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1239   asm volatile\("movl %0, %%esp" : : "r" \(cpus[0].mpstack + MPSTACK - 32\)\);) 47.558 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1240   asm volatile\("movl %0, %%ebp" : : "r" \(cpus[0].mpstack + MPSTACK\)\);) 44.548 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1241 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1242   lapic_init\(bcpu\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1243 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1244   cprintf\("\\ncpu%d: starting xv6\\n\\n", cpu\(\)\);) 30.702 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1245 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1246 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1247 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1248 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1249 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 12) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/main.c  Page 2) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1250   pinit\(\); // process table) 19.264 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1251   binit\(\); // buffer cache) 18.662 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1252   pic_init\(\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1253   ioapic_init\(\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1254   kinit\(\); // physical memory allocator) 26.488 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1255   tvinit\(\); // trap vectors) 19.264 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1256   idtinit\(\); // this CPU's interrupt descriptor table) 34.916 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1257   fileinit\(\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1258   iinit\(\); // i-node table) 18.662 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1259 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1260   // initialize process 0) 18.06 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1261   p = &proc[0];) 12.04 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1262   p->state = RUNNABLE;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1263   p->kstack = kalloc\(KSTACKSIZE\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1264 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1265   // cause proc[0] to start in kernel at process0) 32.508 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1266   p->jmpbuf.eip = \(uint\) process0;) 23.478 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1267   p->jmpbuf.esp = \(uint\) \(p->kstack + KSTACKSIZE - 4\);) 35.518 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1268 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1269   // make sure there's a TSS) 19.866 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1270   setupsegs\(0\);) 12.04 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1271 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1272   // initialize I/O devices, let them enable interrupts) 36.12 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1273   console_init\(\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1274   ide_init\(\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1275 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1276   // start other CPUs) 15.652 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1277   mp_startthem\(\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1278 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1279   // turn on timer) 13.846 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1280   if\(ismp\)) 9.03 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1281     lapic_timerinit\(\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1282   else) 6.622 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1283     pit8253_timerinit\(\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1284 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1285   // enable interrupts on the local APIC) 27.09 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1286   lapic_enableintr\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1287 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1288   // enable interrupts on this processor.) 27.692 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1289   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock--;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1290   sti\(\);) 7.826 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1291 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1292   scheduler\(\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1293 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1294 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1295 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1296 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1297 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1298 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1299 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 12) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 20 20
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/main.c  Page 3) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1300 // Additional processors start here.) 24.682 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1301 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1302 mpmain\(void\)) 10.234 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1303 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1304   cprintf\("cpu%d: starting\\n", cpu\(\)\);) 25.886 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1305   idtinit\(\); // CPU's idt) 18.06 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1306   if\(cpu\(\) == 0\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1307     panic\("mpmain on cpu 0"\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1308   lapic_init\(cpu\(\)\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1309   lapic_timerinit\(\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1310   lapic_enableintr\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1311 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1312   // make sure there's a TSS) 19.866 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1313   setupsegs\(0\);) 12.04 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1314 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1315   cpuid\(0, 0, 0, 0, 0\);  // memory barrier) 28.294 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1316   cpus[cpu\(\)].booted = 1;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1317 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1318   // Enable interrupts on this processor.) 27.692 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1319   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock--;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1320   sti\(\);) 7.826 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1321 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1322   scheduler\(\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1323 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1324 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1325 // proc[0] starts here, called by scheduler\(\) in the ordinary way.) 42.742 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1326 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1327 process0\(\)) 9.03 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1328 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1329   struct proc *p0 = &proc[0];) 20.468 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1330   struct proc *p1;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1331   extern struct spinlock proc_table_lock;) 27.692 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1332   struct trapframe tf;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1333 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1334   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1335 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1336   p0->cwd = iget\(rootdev, 1\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1337   iunlock\(p0->cwd\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1338 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1339   // dummy user memory to make copyproc\(\) happy.) 31.906 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1340   // must be big enough to hold the init binary.) 31.906 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1341   p0->sz = PAGE;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1342   p0->mem = kalloc\(p0->sz\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1343 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1344   // fake a trap frame as if a user process had made a system) 39.732 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1345   // call, so that copyproc will have a place for the new) 37.324 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1346   // process to return to.) 18.662 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1347   p0->tf = &tf;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1348   memset\(p0->tf, 0, sizeof\(struct trapframe\)\);) 30.702 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1349   p0->tf->es = p0->tf->ds = p0->tf->ss = \(SEG_UDATA << 3\) | 3;) 40.334 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 13) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/main.c  Page 4) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1350   p0->tf->cs = \(SEG_UCODE << 3\) | 3;) 24.682 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1351   p0->tf->eflags = FL_IF;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1352   p0->tf->esp = p0->sz;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1353 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1354   p1 = copyproc\(p0\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1355 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1356   load_icode\(p1, _binary__init_start, \(uint\) _binary__init_size\);) 42.14 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1357   p1->state = RUNNABLE;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1358 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1359   proc_wait\(\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1360   panic\("init exited"\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1361 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1362 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1363 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1364 load_icode\(struct proc *p, uchar *binary, uint size\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1365 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1366   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1367   struct elfhdr *elf;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1368   struct proghdr *ph;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1369 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1370   elf = \(struct elfhdr*\) binary;) 22.274 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1371   if\(elf->magic != ELF_MAGIC\)) 20.468 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1372     panic\("load_icode: not an ELF binary"\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1373 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1374   p->tf->eip = elf->entry;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1375 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1376   // Map and load segments as directed.) 26.488 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1377   ph = \(struct proghdr*\) \(binary + elf->phoff\);) 31.304 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1378   for\(i = 0; i < elf->phnum; i++, ph++\) {) 27.692 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1379     if\(ph->type != ELF_PROG_LOAD\)) 22.876 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1380       continue;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1381     if\(ph->va + ph->memsz < ph->va\)) 24.08 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1382       panic\("load_icode: overflow in proghdr"\);) 31.304 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1383     if\(ph->va + ph->memsz >= p->sz\)) 24.08 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1384       panic\("load_icode: icode too large"\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1385 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1386     // Load/clear the segment) 20.468 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1387     memmove\(p->mem + ph->va, binary + ph->offset, ph->filesz\);) 40.334 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1388     memset\(p->mem + ph->va + ph->filesz, 0, ph->memsz - ph->filesz\);) 43.946 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1389   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1390 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1391 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1392 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1393 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1394 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1395 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1396 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1397 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1398 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1399 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 13) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 21 21
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.c  Page 1) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1400 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1401 #include "mp.h") 12.04 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1402 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1403 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1404 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1405 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1406 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1407 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1408 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1409 static char *buses[] = {) 17.458 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1410   "CBUSI ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1411   "CBUSII",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1412   "EISA  ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1413   "FUTURE",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1414   "INTERN",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1415   "ISA   ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1416   "MBI   ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1417   "MBII  ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1418   "MCA   ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1419   "MPI   ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1420   "MPSA  ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1421   "NUBUS ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1422   "PCI   ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1423   "PCMCIA",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1424   "TC    ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1425   "VL    ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1426   "VME   ",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1427   "XPRESS",) 9.632 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1428   0,) 5.418 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1429 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1430 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1431 struct cpu cpus[NCPU];) 16.254 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1432 int ismp;) 8.428 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1433 int ncpu;) 8.428 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1434 uchar ioapic_id;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1435 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1436 static struct cpu *bcpu;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1437 static struct mp *mp;  // The MP floating point structure) 37.324 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1438 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1439 static struct mp*) 13.244 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1440 mp_scan\(uchar *addr, int len\)) 20.468 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1441 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1442   uchar *e, *p, sum;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1443   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1444 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1445   e = addr+len;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1446   for\(p = addr; p < e; p += sizeof\(struct mp\)\){) 31.304 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1447     if\(memcmp\(p, "_MP_", 4\)\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1448       continue;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1449     sum = 0;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 14) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.c  Page 2) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1450     for\(i = 0; i < sizeof\(struct mp\); i++\)) 28.294 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1451       sum += p[i];) 13.846 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1452     if\(sum == 0\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1453       return \(struct mp*\)p;) 19.264 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1454   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1455   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1456 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1457 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1458 // Search for the MP Floating Pointer Structure, which according to the) 45.752 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1459 // spec is in one of the following three locations:) 33.712 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1460 // 1\) in the first KB of the EBDA;) 23.478 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1461 // 2\) in the last KB of system base memory;) 28.896 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1462 // 3\) in the BIOS ROM between 0xE0000 and 0xFFFFF.) 33.11 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1463 static struct mp*) 13.244 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1464 mp_search\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1465 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1466   uchar *bda;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1467   uint p;) 8.428 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1468   struct mp *mp;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1469 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1470   bda = \(uchar*\) 0x400;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1471   if\(\(p = \(bda[0x0F]<<8\)|bda[0x0E]\)\){) 25.284 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1472     if\(\(mp = mp_scan\(\(uchar*\) p, 1024\)\)\)) 27.09 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1473       return mp;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1474   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1475   else{) 7.224 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1476     p = \(\(bda[0x14]<<8\)|bda[0x13]\)*1024;) 27.09 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1477     if\(\(mp = mp_scan\(\(uchar*\)p-1024, 1024\)\)\)) 29.498 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1478       return mp;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1479   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1480   return mp_scan\(\(uchar*\)0xF0000, 0x10000\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1481 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1482 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1483 // Search for an MP configuration table. For now,) 32.508 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1484 // don't accept the default configurations \(physaddr == 0\).) 38.528 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1485 // Check for correct signature, calculate the checksum and,) 38.528 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1486 // if correct, check the version.) 22.876 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1487 // To do: check extended table checksum.) 27.09 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1488 static int) 9.03 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1489 mp_detect\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1490 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1491   struct mpctb *pcmp;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1492   uchar *p, sum;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1493   uint length;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1494 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1495   if\(\(mp = mp_search\(\)\) == 0 || mp->physaddr == 0\)) 33.11 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1496     return 1;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1497 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1498 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1499 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 14) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 22 22
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
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+W
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+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
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+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.c  Page 3) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1500   pcmp = \(struct mpctb*\) mp->physaddr;) 25.886 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1501   if\(memcmp\(pcmp, "PCMP", 4\)\)) 20.468 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1502     return 2;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1503 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1504   length = pcmp->length;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1505   sum = 0;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1506   for\(p = \(uchar*\)pcmp; length; length--\)) 27.692 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1507     sum += *p++;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1508 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1509   if\(sum || \(pcmp->version != 1 && pcmp->version != 4\)\)) 36.12 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1510     return 3;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1511 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1512   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1513 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1514 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1515 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1516 mp_init\(void\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1517 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1518   int r;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1519   uchar *p, *e;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1520   struct mpctb *mpctb;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1521   struct mppe *proc;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1522   struct mpbe *bus;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1523   struct mpioapic *ioapic;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1524   struct mpie *intr;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1525   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1526   uchar byte;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1527 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1528   ncpu = 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1529   if\(\(r = mp_detect\(\)\) != 0\) {) 21.07 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1530     return;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1531   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1532 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1533   ismp = 1;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1534 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1535   // Run through the table saving information needed for starting) 42.14 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1536   // application processors and initialising any I/O APICs. The table) 44.548 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1537   // is guaranteed to be in order such that only one pass is necessary.) 45.752 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1538 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1539   mpctb = \(struct mpctb*\) mp->physaddr;) 26.488 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1540   lapicaddr = \(uint*\) mpctb->lapicaddr;) 26.488 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1541   p = \(\(uchar*\)mpctb\)+sizeof\(struct mpctb\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1542   e = \(\(uchar*\)mpctb\)+mpctb->length;) 24.682 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1543 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1544   while\(p < e\) {) 12.642 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1545     switch\(*p\){) 12.04 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1546     case MPPROCESSOR:) 15.652 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1547       proc = \(struct mppe*\) p;) 21.07 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1548       cpus[ncpu].apicid = proc->apicid;) 26.488 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1549       if\(proc->flags & MPBP\) {) 21.07 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 15) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.c  Page 4) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1550         bcpu = &cpus[ncpu];) 19.264 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1551       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1552       ncpu++;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1553       p += sizeof\(struct mppe\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1554       continue;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1555     case MPBUS:) 12.04 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1556       bus = \(struct mpbe*\) p;) 20.468 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1557       for\(i = 0; buses[i]; i++\){) 22.274 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1558         if\(strncmp\(buses[i], bus->string, sizeof\(bus->string\)\) == 0\)) 43.946 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1559           break;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1560       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1561       p += sizeof\(struct mpbe\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1562       continue;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1563     case MPIOAPIC:) 13.846 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1564       ioapic = \(struct mpioapic*\) p;) 24.682 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1565       ioapic_id = ioapic->apicno;) 22.876 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1566       p += sizeof\(struct mpioapic\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1567       continue;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1568     case MPIOINTR:) 13.846 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1569       intr = \(struct mpie*\) p;) 21.07 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1570       p += sizeof\(struct mpie\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1571       continue;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1572     default:) 10.234 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1573       cprintf\("mp_init: unknown PCMP type 0x%x \(e-p 0x%x\)\\n", *p, e-p\);) 45.752 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1574       while\(p < e\){) 14.448 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1575         cprintf\("%uX ", *p\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1576         p++;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1577       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1578       break;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1579     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1580   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1581 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1582   if\(mp->imcrp\) {) 13.244 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1583     // It appears that Bochs doesn't support IMCR, so code won't run.) 44.548 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1584     outb\(0x22, 0x70\);   // Select IMCR) 25.886 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1585     byte = inb\(0x23\);   // Current contents) 28.896 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1586     byte |= 0x01;       // Mask external INTR) 30.1 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1587     outb\(0x23, byte\);   // Disconnect 8259s/NMI) 31.304 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1588   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1589 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1590 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1591 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1592 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1593 mp_bcpu\(void\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1594 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1595   if\(ismp\)) 9.03 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1596     return bcpu-cpus;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(1597   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(1598 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(1599 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 15) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 23 23
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.c  Page 5) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1600 extern void mpmain\(void\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1601 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1602 // Write bootstrap code to unused memory at 0x7000.) 33.712 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1603 #define APBOOTCODE 0x7000) 18.06 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1604 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1605 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1606 mp_startthem\(void\)) 13.846 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1607 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1608   extern uchar _binary_bootother_start[], _binary_bootother_size[];) 43.344 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1609   extern int main\(\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1610   int c;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(1611 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1612   memmove\(\(void*\) APBOOTCODE,_binary_bootother_start,) 34.916 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1613           \(uint\) _binary_bootother_size\);) 27.692 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1614 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1615   for\(c = 0; c < ncpu; c++\){) 19.866 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1616     // Our current cpu has already started.) 28.896 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1617     if\(c == cpu\(\)\)) 13.846 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1618       continue;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1619 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1620     // Set target %esp) 16.254 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1621     *\(uint*\)\(APBOOTCODE-4\) = \(uint\) \(cpus[c].mpstack\) + MPSTACK;) 41.538 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1622 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1623     // Set target %eip) 16.254 Tj
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+(1624     *\(uint*\)\(APBOOTCODE-8\) = \(uint\)mpmain;) 28.294 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1625 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1626     // Go!) 9.03 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1627     lapic_startap\(cpus[c].apicid, \(uint\) APBOOTCODE\);) 34.916 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1628 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1629     // Wait for cpu to get through bootstrap.) 30.1 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1630     while\(cpus[c].booted == 0\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1631       ;) 7.224 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1632   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1633 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1634 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1635 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1636 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1644 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1645 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1649 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(Sheet 16) 4.816 Tj
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+W
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+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/init.c  Page 1) 22.274 Tj
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+(1650 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1651 #include "stat.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1652 #include "user.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1653 #include "fs.h") 12.04 Tj
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+(1654 #include "fcntl.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1655 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1656 // init: The initial user-level program) 26.488 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1657 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1658 char *sh_args[] = { "sh", 0 };) 21.07 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1659 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1660 int) 4.816 Tj
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+(1661 main\(void\)) 9.03 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1662 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(1663   int pid;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(1664 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1665   if\(open\("console", O_RDWR\) < 0\){) 23.478 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1666     mknod\("console", T_DEV, 1, 1\);) 23.478 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1667     open\("console", O_RDWR\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(1668   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(1669   dup\(0\);  // stdout) 15.05 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(1670   dup\(0\);  // stderr) 15.05 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(1671 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(1672   for\(;;\){) 9.03 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(1673     pid = fork\(\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(1674     if\(pid < 0\){) 12.642 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(1675       puts\("init: fork failed\\n"\);) 23.478 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(1676       exit\(\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1677     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(1678     if\(pid == 0\){) 13.244 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1679       exec\("sh", sh_args\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(1680       puts\("init: exec sh failed\\n"\);) 25.284 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1681       exit\(\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1682     } else {) 10.234 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(1683       wait\(\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(1684     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(1685   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(1686 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1687 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1688 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1689 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1692 ) 3.01 Tj
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+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1695 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1696 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1697 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1698 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1699 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(Sheet 16) 4.816 Tj
+Q
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+showpage
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/spinlock.h  Page 1) 24.682 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1700 // Mutual exclusion lock.) 18.06 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1701 struct spinlock {) 13.244 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1702   uint locked;   // Is the lock held?) 25.284 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1703 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1704   // For debugging:) 14.448 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(1705   char *name;    // Name of lock.) 22.876 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(1706   int  cpu;      // The number of the cpu holding the lock.) 38.528 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1707   uint pcs[10];  // The call stack \(an array of program counters\)) 42.14 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1708                  // that locked the lock.) 27.692 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1709 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1710 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1737 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1740 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1741 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1742 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1743 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1744 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1745 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(1746 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(Sheet 17) 4.816 Tj
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+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
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+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/spinlock.c  Page 1) 24.682 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1750 // Mutual exclusion spin locks.) 21.672 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1751 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1752 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(1753 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
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+(1765   lock->name = name;) 15.05 Tj
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+(1777     if\(ebp == 0 || ebp == \(uint*\)0xffffffff\)) 29.498 Tj
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+(1778       break;) 10.234 Tj
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+(1779     pcs[i] = ebp[1];     // saved %eip) 25.886 Tj
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+(1780     ebp = \(uint*\)ebp[0]; // saved %ebp) 25.886 Tj
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+(1781   }) 4.816 Tj
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+(1800 // Acquire the lock.) 15.05 Tj
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+(1801 // Loops \(spins\) until the lock is acquired.) 29.498 Tj
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+0 -28.8 Td
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+(1820 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1825   lock->cpu = cpu\(\) + 10;) 18.06 Tj
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+(1826   getcallerpcs\(&lock, lock->pcs\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(1827 }) 3.612 Tj
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+(1828 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(1829 // Release the lock.) 15.05 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
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+0 -45.8182 Td
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+(1833   if\(!holding\(lock\)\)) 15.05 Tj
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+(1837   lock->cpu = 0xffffffff;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(1838 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1839   // Serialize instructions: before unlocking the lock, make sure) 42.14 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1840   // to flush any pending memory writes from this processor.) 39.13 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1841   cpuid\(0, 0, 0, 0, 0\);  // memory barrier \(see Ch 7, IA-32 manual vol 3\)) 46.956 Tj
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+(1842 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1843   lock->locked = 0;) 14.448 Tj
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+(1844   if\(--cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock == 0\)) 21.07 Tj
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+(1845     sti\(\);) 9.03 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
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+0 0 Td
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+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1850 // Check whether this cpu is holding the lock.) 30.702 Tj
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+0 -3.92728 Td
+(1900 // Segments in proc->gdt) 17.458 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1901 #define SEG_KCODE 1  // kernel code) 24.08 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1902 #define SEG_KDATA 2  // kernel data+stack) 27.692 Tj
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+(1903 #define SEG_UCODE 3) 14.448 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(1904 #define SEG_UDATA 4) 14.448 Tj
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+(1905 #define SEG_TSS   5  // this process's task state) 32.508 Tj
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+(1906 #define NSEGS     6) 14.448 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(1907 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(1908 // Saved registers for kernel context switches.) 31.304 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(1909 // Don't need to save all the %fs etc. segment registers,) 37.324 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(1910 // because they are constant across kernel contexts.) 34.314 Tj
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+(1911 // Save all the regular registers so we don't need to care) 37.926 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(1912 // which are caller save.) 18.06 Tj
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+(1913 // Don't save %eax, because that's the return register.) 36.12 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
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+(1916   int ebx;) 9.03 Tj
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+(1927 ) 3.01 Tj
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+0 -43.2 Td
+(1930   char *mem;                // Start of process memory \(kernel address\)) 45.752 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(1931   uint sz;                  // Size of process memory \(bytes\)) 39.732 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(1932   char *kstack;             // Bottom of kernel stack for this process) 45.15 Tj
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+(1933   enum proc_state state;    // Process state) 29.498 Tj
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+(1934   int pid;                  // Process ID) 27.692 Tj
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+(1936   void *chan;               // If non-zero, sleeping on chan) 39.13 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(1937   int killed;               // If non-zero, have been killed) 39.13 Tj
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+(1938   struct file *ofile[NOFILE];  // Open files) 29.498 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(1939   struct inode *cwd;        // Current directory) 31.906 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(1940   struct jmpbuf jmpbuf;     // Jump here to run process) 36.12 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(1941   struct trapframe *tf;     // Trap frame for current interrupt) 40.936 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(1942 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(1943 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(1944 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(1945 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1946 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1950 // Process memory is laid out contiguously:) 28.896 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(1951 //   text) 8.428 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(1952 //   original data and bss) 18.662 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
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+(1954 //   expandable heap) 15.05 Tj
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+(1955 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1956 extern struct proc proc[];) 18.662 Tj
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+(1958 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(1963   uchar apicid;               // Local APIC ID) 30.702 Tj
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+(1964   struct jmpbuf jmpbuf;       // Jump here to enter scheduler) 39.732 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(1965   struct taskstate ts;        // Used by x86 to find stack for interrupt) 46.354 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(1966   struct segdesc gdt[NSEGS];  // x86 global descriptor table) 39.13 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(1967   char mpstack[MPSTACK];      // Per-CPU startup stack) 35.518 Tj
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+(1968   volatile int booted;        // Has the CPU started?) 34.916 Tj
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+(2000 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
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+(2001 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
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+(2002 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
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+0 -11.7818 Td
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+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2007 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2008 ) 3.01 Tj
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+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2010 ) 3.01 Tj
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+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2013 int next_pid = 1;) 13.244 Tj
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+0 -23.5636 Td
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+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2016 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2017 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2018 pinit\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2019 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2020   initlock\(&proc_table_lock, "proc_table"\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2021 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2022 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2023 // Set up CPU's segment descriptors and task state for a) 36.722 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2024 // given process.) 13.244 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2025 // If p==0, set up for "idle" state for when scheduler\(\)) 36.722 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2026 // is idling, not running any process.) 25.886 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2027 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2028 setupsegs\(struct proc *p\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2029 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2030   struct cpu *c = &cpus[cpu\(\)];) 21.672 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2031 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2032   c->ts.ss0 = SEG_KDATA << 3;) 20.468 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2033   if\(p\){) 7.826 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2034     c->ts.esp0 = \(uint\)\(p->kstack + KSTACKSIZE\);) 31.906 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2035   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2036     c->ts.esp0 = 0xffffffff;) 19.866 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2037   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2038 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2039   c->gdt[0] = SEG_NULL;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2040   c->gdt[SEG_KCODE] = SEG\(STA_X|STA_R, 0, 0x100000 + 64*1024, 0\);) 42.14 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2041   c->gdt[SEG_KDATA] = SEG\(STA_W, 0, 0xffffffff, 0\);) 33.712 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2042   c->gdt[SEG_TSS] = SEG16\(STS_T32A, \(uint\) &c->ts, sizeof\(c->ts\), 0\);) 44.548 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2043   c->gdt[SEG_TSS].s = 0;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2044   if\(p\){) 7.826 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2045     c->gdt[SEG_UCODE] = SEG\(STA_X|STA_R, \(uint\)p->mem, p->sz, 3\);) 42.14 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2046     c->gdt[SEG_UDATA] = SEG\(STA_W, \(uint\)p->mem, p->sz, 3\);) 38.528 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2047   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2048     c->gdt[SEG_UCODE] = SEG_NULL;) 22.876 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2049     c->gdt[SEG_UDATA] = SEG_NULL;) 22.876 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 20) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 2) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2050   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2051 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2052   lgdt\(c->gdt, sizeof c->gdt\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2053   ltr\(SEG_TSS << 3\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2054 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2055 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2056 // Grow current process's memory by n bytes.) 29.498 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2057 // Return old size on success, -1 on failure.) 30.1 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2058 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
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+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2060 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2061   struct proc *cp = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 24.08 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2062   char *newmem, *oldmem;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2063 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2064   newmem = kalloc\(cp->sz + n\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2065   if\(newmem == 0\)) 13.244 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2066     return 0xffffffff;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2067   memmove\(newmem, cp->mem, cp->sz\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2068   memset\(newmem + cp->sz, 0, n\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2069   oldmem = cp->mem;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2070   cp->mem = newmem;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2071   kfree\(oldmem, cp->sz\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2072   cp->sz += n;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2073   return cp->sz - n;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2074 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2075 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2076 // Look in the process table for an UNUSED proc.) 31.906 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2077 // If found, change state to EMBRYO and return it.) 33.11 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2078 // Otherwise return 0.) 16.254 Tj
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+(2079 struct proc*) 10.234 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2080 allocproc\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
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+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2082   int i;) 7.826 Tj
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+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2084 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2085   for\(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++\){) 20.468 Tj
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+(2086     p = &proc[i];) 13.244 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2087     if\(p->state == UNUSED\){) 19.264 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2088       p->state = EMBRYO;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2089       return p;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2090     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2091   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2092   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2093 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2094 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2095 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2096 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2097 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2098 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2099 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 20) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 28 28
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
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+[] 0 d
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 3) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2100 // Create a new process copying p as the parent.) 31.906 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2101 // Does not copy the kernel stack.) 23.478 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2102 // Instead, sets up stack to return as if from system call.) 38.528 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2103 // Caller must arrange for process to run \(set state to RUNNABLE\).) 42.742 Tj
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+0 -11.7818 Td
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+0 -14.4 Td
+(2108   struct proc *np;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2109 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2110   // Allocate process.) 16.254 Tj
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+(2111   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2112   if\(\(np = allocproc\(\)\) == 0\){) 21.07 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2113     release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2114     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2115   }) 4.816 Tj
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+(2116   np->pid = next_pid++;) 16.856 Tj
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+(2117   np->ppid = p->pid;) 15.05 Tj
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+(2118   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2119 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2120   // Copy user memory.) 16.254 Tj
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+(2124     np->state = UNUSED;) 16.856 Tj
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+(2125     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
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+(2126   }) 4.816 Tj
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+(2127   memmove\(np->mem, p->mem, np->sz\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2128 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2129   // Allocate kernel stack.) 19.264 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2130   np->kstack = kalloc\(KSTACKSIZE\);) 23.478 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2131   if\(np->kstack == 0\){) 16.254 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2132     kfree\(np->mem, np->sz\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2133     np->mem = 0;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2134     np->state = UNUSED;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2135     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
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+(2136   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2137 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2138   // Copy trapframe registers from parent.) 28.294 Tj
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+(2139   np->tf = \(struct trapframe*\)\(np->kstack + KSTACKSIZE\) - 1;) 39.13 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2140   memmove\(np->tf, p->tf, sizeof\(*np->tf\)\);) 28.294 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2141 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2142   // Clear %eax so that fork system call returns 0 in child.) 39.13 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2143   np->tf->eax = 0;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2144 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2145   // Set up new jmpbuf to start executing at forkret \(see below\).) 42.14 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2146   memset\(&np->jmpbuf, 0, sizeof np->jmpbuf\);) 29.498 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2147   np->jmpbuf.eip = \(uint\)forkret;) 22.876 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2148   np->jmpbuf.esp = \(uint\)np->tf - 4;) 24.682 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2149 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(Sheet 21) 4.816 Tj
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+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
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+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2150   // Copy file descriptors) 18.662 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2151   for\(i = 0; i < NOFILE; i++\){) 21.07 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2152     np->ofile[i] = p->ofile[i];) 21.672 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2153     if\(np->ofile[i]\)) 15.05 Tj
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+(2154       fileincref\(np->ofile[i]\);) 21.672 Tj
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+(2155   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2156 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2157   np->cwd = p->cwd;) 14.448 Tj
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+(2158   iincref\(p->cwd\);) 13.846 Tj
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+(2159 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2160   return np;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2161 }) 3.612 Tj
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+(2162 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2165 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2166 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2167 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2168 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2186 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2187 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2188 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2189 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2190 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2191 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2192 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2193 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2194 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2195 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2196 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2197 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2198 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2199 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 21) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 29 29
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
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+[] 0 d
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 5) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2200 // Per-CPU process scheduler.) 20.468 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2201 // Each CPU calls scheduler\(\) after setting itself up.) 35.518 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2202 // Scheduler never returns.  It loops, doing:) 30.1 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2203 //  - choose a process to run) 20.468 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2204 //  - longjmp to start running that process) 28.896 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2205 //  - eventually that process transfers control back) 34.314 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2206 //      via longjmp back to the top of scheduler.) 32.508 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2207 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
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+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2209 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2210   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2211   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2212 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2213   for\(;;\){) 9.03 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2214     // Loop over process table looking for process to run.) 37.926 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2215     acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2216 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2217     for\(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++\){) 21.672 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2218       p = &proc[i];) 14.448 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2219       if\(p->state != RUNNABLE\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2220         continue;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2221 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2222       // Switch to chosen process.  It is the process's job) 38.528 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2223       // to release proc_table_lock and then reacquire it) 37.324 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2224       // before jumping back to us.) 24.08 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2225 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2226       setupsegs\(p\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2227       curproc[cpu\(\)] = p;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2228       p->state = RUNNING;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2229       if\(setjmp\(&cpus[cpu\(\)].jmpbuf\) == 0\)) 28.294 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2230         longjmp\(&p->jmpbuf\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2231 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2232       // Process is done running for now.) 27.692 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2233       // It should have changed its p->state before coming back.) 41.538 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2234       curproc[cpu\(\)] = 0;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2235 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2236       setupsegs\(0\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2237     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2238 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2239     release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2240   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2241 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2242 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2243 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2244 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2245 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2246 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2247 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2248 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2249 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 22) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
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+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
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+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 6) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2250 // Enter scheduler.  Must already hold proc_table_lock) 35.518 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2251 // and have changed curproc[cpu\(\)]->state.) 28.294 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2252 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2253 sched\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2254 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2255   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2256 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2257   if\(!holding\(&proc_table_lock\)\)) 22.274 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2258     panic\("sched"\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2259   if\(cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock != 1\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2260     panic\("sched locks"\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2261 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2262   if\(setjmp\(&p->jmpbuf\) == 0\)) 20.468 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2263     longjmp\(&cpus[cpu\(\)].jmpbuf\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2264 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2265 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2266 // Give up the CPU for one scheduling round.) 29.498 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2267 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2268 yield\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2269 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2270   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2271 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2272   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2273   p->state = RUNNABLE;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2274   sched\(\);) 9.03 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2275   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2276 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2277 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2278 // A fork child's very first scheduling by scheduler\(\)) 35.518 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2279 // will longjmp here. "return" to user space.) 30.1 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2280 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2281 forkret\(void\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2282 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2283   // Still holding proc_table_lock from scheduler.) 33.11 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2284   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2285 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2286   // Jump into assembly, never to return.) 27.692 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2287   forkret1\(curproc[cpu\(\)]->tf\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2288 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2289 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2290 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2291 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2292 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2293 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2294 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2295 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2296 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2297 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2298 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2299 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 22) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 30 30
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 7) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2300 // Atomically release lock and sleep on chan.) 30.1 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2301 // Reacquires lock when reawakened.) 24.08 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2302 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2303 sleep\(void *chan, struct spinlock *lk\)) 25.886 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2304 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2305   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2306 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2307   if\(p == 0\)) 10.234 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2308     panic\("sleep"\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2309 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2310   if\(lk == 0\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2311     panic\("sleep without lk"\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2312 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2313   // Must acquire proc_table_lock in order to) 30.1 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2314   // change p->state and then call sched.) 27.692 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2315   // Once we hold proc_table_lock, we can be) 29.498 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2316   // guaranteed that we won't miss any wakeup) 30.1 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2317   // \(wakeup runs with proc_table_lock locked\),) 31.304 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2318   // so it's okay to release lk.) 22.274 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2319   if\(lk != &proc_table_lock\){) 20.468 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2320     acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2321     release\(lk\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2322   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2323 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2324   // Go to sleep.) 13.244 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2325   p->chan = chan;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2326   p->state = SLEEPING;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2327   sched\(\);) 9.03 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2328 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2329   // Tidy up.) 10.836 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2330   p->chan = 0;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2331 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2332   // Reacquire original lock.) 20.468 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2333   if\(lk != &proc_table_lock\){) 20.468 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2334     release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2335     acquire\(lk\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2336   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2337 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2338 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2339 // Wake up all processes sleeping on chan.) 28.294 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2340 // Proc_table_lock must be held.) 22.274 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2341 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2342 wakeup1\(void *chan\)) 14.448 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2343 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2344   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2345 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2346   for\(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++\)) 25.886 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2347     if\(p->state == SLEEPING && p->chan == chan\)) 31.304 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2348       p->state = RUNNABLE;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2349 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 23) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
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+0 0 Td
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 8) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2350 // Wake up all processes sleeping on chan.) 28.294 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2351 // Proc_table_lock is acquired and released.) 29.498 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2352 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2353 wakeup\(void *chan\)) 13.846 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2354 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2355   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2356   wakeup1\(chan\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2357   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2358 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2359 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2360 // Kill the process with the given pid.) 26.488 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2361 // Process won't actually exit until it returns) 31.304 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2362 // to user space \(see trap in trap.c\).) 25.886 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2363 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2364 proc_kill\(int pid\)) 13.846 Tj
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+(2365 {) 3.612 Tj
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+(2366   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
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+(2367 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2368   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2369   for\(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++\){) 26.488 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2370     if\(p->pid == pid\){) 16.254 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2371       p->killed = 1;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2372       // Wake process from sleep if necessary.) 30.702 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2373       if\(p->state == SLEEPING\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2374         p->state = RUNNABLE;) 19.866 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2375       release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2376       return 0;) 12.04 Tj
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+(2377     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2378   }) 4.816 Tj
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+(2379   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2380   return -1;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2381 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2382 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2383 // Exit the current process.  Does not return.) 30.702 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2384 // Exited processes remain in the zombie state) 30.702 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2385 // until their parent calls wait\(\) to find out they exited.) 38.528 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2386 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2387 proc_exit\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
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+(2388 {) 3.612 Tj
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+(2389   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2390   struct proc *cp = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 24.08 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2391   int fd;) 8.428 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2392 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2393   // Close all open files.) 18.662 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2394   for\(fd = 0; fd < NOFILE; fd++\){) 22.876 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2395     if\(cp->ofile[fd]\){) 16.254 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2396       fileclose\(cp->ofile[fd]\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2397       cp->ofile[fd] = 0;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2398     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2399   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 23) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 31 31
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 9) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2400   idecref\(cp->cwd\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2401   cp->cwd = 0;) 11.438 Tj
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+(2402 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2403   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2404 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2405   // Wake up our parent.) 17.458 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2406   for\(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++\)) 25.886 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2407     if\(p->pid == cp->ppid\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2408       wakeup1\(p\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2409 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2410   // Reparent our children to process 1.) 27.09 Tj
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+(2411   for\(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++\)) 25.886 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2412     if\(p->ppid == cp->pid\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2413       p->ppid = 1;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2414 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2415   // Jump into the scheduler, never to return.) 30.702 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2416   cp->killed = 0;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2417   cp->state = ZOMBIE;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2418   sched\(\);) 9.03 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2419   panic\("zombie exit"\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2420 }) 3.612 Tj
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+(2421 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2422 // Wait for a child process to exit and return its pid.) 36.12 Tj
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+(2423 // Return -1 if this process has no children.) 30.1 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2424 int) 4.816 Tj
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+(2426 {) 3.612 Tj
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+(2427   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2428   struct proc *cp = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 24.08 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2429   int i, havekids, pid;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2430 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2431   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2432   for\(;;\){) 9.03 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2433     // Scan through table looking for zombie children.) 35.518 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2434     havekids = 0;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2435     for\(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++\){) 21.672 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2436       p = &proc[i];) 14.448 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2437       if\(p->state == UNUSED\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2438         continue;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2439       if\(p->ppid == cp->pid\){) 20.468 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2440         if\(p->state == ZOMBIE\){) 21.672 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2441           // Found one.) 16.856 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2442           kfree\(p->mem, p->sz\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2443           kfree\(p->kstack, KSTACKSIZE\);) 26.488 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2444           pid = p->pid;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2445           p->state = UNUSED;) 19.866 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2446           p->pid = 0;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2447           p->ppid = 0;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2448           release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2449           return pid;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 24) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 10) 22.876 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2450         }) 8.428 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2451         havekids = 1;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2452       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2453     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2454 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2455     // No point waiting if we don't have any children.) 35.518 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2456     if\(!havekids\){) 13.846 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2457       release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2458       return -1;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2459     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2460 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2461     // Wait for children to exit.  \(See wakeup1 call in proc_exit.\)) 43.344 Tj
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+(2462     sleep\(cp, &proc_table_lock\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2463   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2464 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2465 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2466 // Print a process listing to console.  For debugging.) 35.518 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2467 // Runs when user types ^P on console.) 25.886 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2468 // No lock to avoid wedging a stuck machine further.) 34.314 Tj
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+(2469 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
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+(2475   for\(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++\) {) 21.07 Tj
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+(2476     p = &proc[i];) 13.244 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2477     if\(p->state == UNUSED\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2478       continue;) 12.04 Tj
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+(2479     cprintf\("%d %d %p\\n", p->pid, p->state\);) 29.498 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2480   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2481 }) 3.612 Tj
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+(2482 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2483 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2484 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2486 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2487 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2489 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2490 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2491 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2492 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(2494 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2495 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2496 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2497 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2498 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2499 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 24) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
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+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
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+W
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/setjmp.S  Page 1) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2500 #   int  setjmp\(struct jmpbuf *jmp\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2501 #   void longjmp\(struct jmpbuf *jmp\);) 25.284 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2502 #) 3.612 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2503 # Setjmp saves its stack environment in jmp for later use by longjmp.) 44.548 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2504 # It returns 0.) 12.04 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2505 #) 3.612 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2506 # Longjmp restores the environment saved by the last call of setjmp.) 43.946 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2507 # It then causes execution to continue as if the call of setjmp) 40.936 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2508 # had just returned 1.) 16.254 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2509 #) 3.612 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2510 # The caller of setjmp must not itself have returned in the interim.) 43.946 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2511 # All accessible data have values as of the time longjmp was called.) 43.946 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2512 #) 3.612 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2513 #    [Description, but not code, borrowed from Plan 9.]) 36.12 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2514 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2515 .globl setjmp) 10.836 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2516 setjmp:) 7.224 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2517   movl 4\(%esp\), %eax) 15.05 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2518 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2519   movl %ebx, 0\(%eax\)) 15.05 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2520   movl %ecx, 4\(%eax\)) 15.05 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2521   movl %edx, 8\(%eax\)) 15.05 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2522   movl %esi, 12\(%eax\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2523   movl %edi, 16\(%eax\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2524   movl %esp, 20\(%eax\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2525   movl %ebp, 24\(%eax\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2526   pushl 0\(%esp\)   # %eip) 17.458 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2527   popl 28\(%eax\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2528 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2529   movl $0, %eax   # return value) 22.274 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2530   ret) 6.02 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2531 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2532 .globl longjmp) 11.438 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2533 longjmp:) 7.826 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2534   movl 4\(%esp\), %eax) 15.05 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2535 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2536   movl 0\(%eax\), %ebx) 15.05 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2537   movl 4\(%eax\), %ecx) 15.05 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2538   movl 8\(%eax\), %edx) 15.05 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2539   movl 12\(%eax\), %esi) 15.652 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2540   movl 16\(%eax\), %edi) 15.652 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2541   movl 20\(%eax\), %esp) 15.652 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2542   movl 24\(%eax\), %ebp) 15.652 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2543 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2544   addl $4, %esp   # pop and discard %eip) 27.09 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2545   pushl 28\(%eax\)  # push new %eip) 22.876 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2546 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2547   movl $1, %eax   # return value \(appears to come from setjmp!\)) 40.936 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2548   ret) 6.02 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2549 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 25) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/kalloc.c  Page 1) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2550 // Physical memory allocator, intended to allocate) 33.11 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2551 // memory for user processes. Allocates in 4096-byte "pages".) 39.732 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2552 // Free list is kept sorted and combines adjacent pages into) 39.13 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2553 // long runs, to make it easier to allocate big segments.) 37.324 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2554 // One reason the page size is 4k is that the x86 segment size) 40.334 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2555 // granularity is 4k.) 15.652 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2556 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2557 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2558 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2559 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2560 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2561 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2562 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2563 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2564 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2565 struct spinlock kalloc_lock;) 19.866 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2566 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2567 struct run {) 10.234 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2568   struct run *next;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2569   int len; // bytes) 14.448 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2570 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2571 struct run *freelist;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2572 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2573 // Initialize free list of physical pages.) 28.294 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2574 // This code cheats by just considering one megabyte of) 36.12 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2575 // pages after _end.  Real systems would determine the) 35.518 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2576 // amount of memory available in the system and use it all.) 38.528 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2577 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2578 kinit\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2579 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2580   extern int end;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2581   uint mem;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2582   char *start;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2583 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2584   initlock\(&kalloc_lock, "kalloc"\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2585   start = \(char*\) &end;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2586   start = \(char*\) \(\(\(uint\)start + PAGE\) & ~\(PAGE-1\)\);) 34.916 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2587   mem = 256; // assume computer has 256 pages of RAM) 34.314 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2588   cprintf\("mem = %d\\n", mem * PAGE\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2589   kfree\(start, mem * PAGE\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2590 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2591 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2592 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2593 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2594 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2595 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2596 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2597 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2598 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2599 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 25) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 33 33
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/kalloc.c  Page 2) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2600 // Free the len bytes of memory pointed at by cp,) 32.508 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2601 // which normally should have been returned by a) 31.906 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2602 // call to kalloc\(cp\).  \(The exception is when) 30.702 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2603 // initializing the allocator; see kinit above.\)) 31.906 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2604 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2605 kfree\(char *cp, int len\)) 17.458 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2606 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2607   struct run **rr;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2608   struct run *p = \(struct run*\) cp;) 24.08 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2609   struct run *pend = \(struct run*\) \(cp + len\);) 30.702 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2610   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2611 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2612   if\(len % PAGE\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2613     panic\("kfree"\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2614 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2615   // Fill with junk to catch dangling refs.) 28.896 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2616   for\(i = 0; i < len; i++\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2617     cp[i] = 1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2618 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2619   acquire\(&kalloc_lock\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2620 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2621   rr = &freelist;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2622   while\(*rr\){) 10.836 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2623     struct run *rend = \(struct run*\) \(\(char*\)\(*rr\) + \(*rr\)->len\);) 42.14 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2624     if\(p >= *rr && p < rend\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2625       panic\("freeing free page"\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2626     if\(pend == *rr\){) 15.05 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2627       p->len = len + \(*rr\)->len;) 22.274 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2628       p->next = \(*rr\)->next;) 19.866 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2629       *rr = p;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2630       goto out;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2631     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2632     if\(pend < *rr\){) 14.448 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2633       p->len = len;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2634       p->next = *rr;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2635       *rr = p;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2636       goto out;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2637     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2638     if\(p == rend\){) 13.846 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2639       \(*rr\)->len += len;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2640       if\(\(*rr\)->next && \(*rr\)->next == pend\){) 30.1 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2641         \(*rr\)->len += \(*rr\)->next->len;) 26.488 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2642         \(*rr\)->next = \(*rr\)->next->next;) 27.09 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2643       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2644       goto out;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2645     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2646     rr = &\(\(*rr\)->next\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2647   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2648   p->len = len;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2649   p->next = 0;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 26) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/kalloc.c  Page 3) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2650   *rr = p;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2651 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2652  out:) 6.02 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2653   release\(&kalloc_lock\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2654 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2655 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2656 // Allocate n bytes of physical memory.) 26.488 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2657 // Returns a kernel-segment pointer.) 24.682 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2658 // Returns 0 if the memory cannot be allocated.) 31.304 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2659 char*) 6.02 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2660 kalloc\(int n\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2661 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2662   struct run **rr;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2663 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2664   if\(n % PAGE\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2665     panic\("kalloc"\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2666 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2667   acquire\(&kalloc_lock\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2668 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2669   rr = &freelist;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2670   while\(*rr\){) 10.836 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2671     struct run *r = *rr;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2672     if\(r->len == n\){) 15.05 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2673       *rr = r->next;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2674       release\(&kalloc_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2675       return \(char*\) r;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2676     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2677     if\(r->len > n\){) 14.448 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2678       char *p = \(char*\)r + \(r->len - n\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2679       r->len -= n;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2680       release\(&kalloc_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2681       return p;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2682     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2683     rr = &\(*rr\)->next;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2684   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2685   release\(&kalloc_lock\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2686   cprintf\("kalloc: out of memory\\n"\);) 25.284 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2687   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2688 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2689 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2690 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2691 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2692 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2693 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2694 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2695 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2696 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2697 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2698 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2699 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 26) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 34 34
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/syscall.h  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2700 // System call numbers) 16.254 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2701 #define SYS_fork    1) 15.652 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2702 #define SYS_exit    2) 15.652 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2703 #define SYS_wait    3) 15.652 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2704 #define SYS_pipe    4) 15.652 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2705 #define SYS_write   5) 15.652 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2706 #define SYS_read    6) 15.652 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2707 #define SYS_close   7) 15.652 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2708 #define SYS_kill    8) 15.652 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2709 #define SYS_exec    9) 15.652 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2710 #define SYS_open   10) 15.652 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2711 #define SYS_mknod  11) 15.652 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2712 #define SYS_unlink 12) 15.652 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2713 #define SYS_fstat  13) 15.652 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2714 #define SYS_link   14) 15.652 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2715 #define SYS_mkdir  15) 15.652 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2716 #define SYS_chdir  16) 15.652 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2717 #define SYS_dup    17) 15.652 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2718 #define SYS_getpid 18) 15.652 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2719 #define SYS_sbrk   19) 15.652 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2720 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2721 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2722 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2723 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2724 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2725 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2726 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2727 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2728 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2729 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2730 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2731 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2732 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2733 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2734 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2735 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2736 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2737 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2738 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2739 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2740 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2741 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2742 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2743 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2744 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2745 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2746 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2747 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2748 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2749 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 27) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/trapasm.S  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2750 .text) 6.02 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2751 .globl trap) 9.632 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2752 .globl trapret1) 12.04 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2753 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2754 .globl alltraps) 12.04 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2755 alltraps:) 8.428 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2756   /* vectors.S sends all traps here */) 25.886 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2757   pushl   %ds      # build) 18.662 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2758   pushl   %es      #  trap) 18.662 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2759   pushal           #  frame) 19.264 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2760   movl $16,%eax    # SEG_KDATA << 3) 24.08 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2761   movw %ax,%ds     #  kernel) 19.866 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2762   movw %ax,%es     #  segments) 21.07 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2763   pushl %esp       # pass pointer to this trapframe) 33.712 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2764   call    trap     #  and call trap\(\)) 25.284 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2765   addl $4, %esp) 12.04 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2766   # return falls through to trapret...) 25.886 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2767 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2768   /*) 5.418 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2769    * a forked process RETs here) 21.672 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2770    * expects ESP to point to a Trapframe) 27.09 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2771    */) 6.02 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2772 .globl trapret) 11.438 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2773 trapret:) 7.826 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2774   popal) 7.224 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2775   popl %es) 9.03 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2776   popl %ds) 9.03 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2777   addl $0x8, %esp /* trapno and errcode */) 28.294 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2778   iret) 6.622 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2779 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2780 .globl forkret1) 12.04 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2781 forkret1:) 8.428 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2782   movl 4\(%esp\), %esp) 15.05 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2783   jmp trapret) 10.836 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2784 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2785 .globl  acpu) 10.234 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2786 acpu:) 6.02 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2787   .long 0) 8.428 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2788 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2789 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2790 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2791 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2792 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2793 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2794 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2795 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2796 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2797 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2798 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2799 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 27) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 35 35
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/traps.h  Page 1) 22.876 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2800 // x86 trap and interrupt constants.) 24.682 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2801 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2802 // Processor-defined:) 15.652 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2803 #define T_DIVIDE         0      // divide error) 31.304 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2804 #define T_DEBUG          1      // debug exception) 33.11 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2805 #define T_NMI            2      // non-maskable interrupt) 37.324 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2806 #define T_BRKPT          3      // breakpoint) 30.1 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2807 #define T_OFLOW          4      // overflow) 28.896 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2808 #define T_BOUND          5      // bounds check) 31.304 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2809 #define T_ILLOP          6      // illegal opcode) 32.508 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2810 #define T_DEVICE         7      // device not available) 36.12 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2811 #define T_DBLFLT         8      // double fault) 31.304 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2812 // #define T_COPROC      9      // reserved \(not used since 486\)) 41.538 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2813 #define T_TSS           10      // invalid task switch segment) 40.334 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2814 #define T_SEGNP         11      // segment not present) 35.518 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2815 #define T_STACK         12      // stack exception) 33.11 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2816 #define T_GPFLT         13      // genernal protection fault) 39.13 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2817 #define T_PGFLT         14      // page fault) 30.1 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2818 // #define T_RES        15      // reserved) 28.896 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2819 #define T_FPERR         16      // floating point error) 36.12 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2820 #define T_ALIGN         17      // aligment check) 32.508 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2821 #define T_MCHK          18      // machine check) 31.906 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2822 #define T_SIMDERR       19      // SIMD floating point error) 39.13 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2823 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2824 // These are arbitrarily chosen, but with care not to overlap) 39.732 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2825 // processor defined exceptions or interrupt vectors.) 34.916 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2826 #define T_SYSCALL       48      // system call) 30.702 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2827 #define T_DEFAULT      500      // catchall) 28.896 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2828 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2829 #define IRQ_OFFSET      32      // IRQ 0 corresponds to int IRQ_OFFSET) 45.15 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2830 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2831 #define IRQ_TIMER        0) 18.662 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2832 #define IRQ_KBD          1) 18.662 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2833 #define IRQ_IDE         14) 18.662 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2834 #define IRQ_ERROR       19) 18.662 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2835 #define IRQ_SPURIOUS    31) 18.662 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2836 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2837 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2838 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2839 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2840 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2841 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2842 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2843 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2844 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2845 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2846 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2847 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2848 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2849 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 28) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/trap.c  Page 1) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2850 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2851 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2852 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2853 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2854 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2855 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2856 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2857 #include "syscall.h") 15.05 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2858 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2859 // Interrupt descriptor table \(shared by all CPUs\).) 33.712 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2860 struct gatedesc idt[256];) 18.06 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2861 extern uint vectors[];  // in vectors.S: array of 256 entry pointers) 43.946 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2862 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2863 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2864 tvinit\(void\)) 10.234 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2865 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2866   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2867 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2868   for\(i = 0; i < 256; i++\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2869     SETGATE\(idt[i], 0, SEG_KCODE << 3, vectors[i], 0\);) 35.518 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2870   SETGATE\(idt[T_SYSCALL], 0, SEG_KCODE << 3, vectors[T_SYSCALL], 3\);) 43.946 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2871 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2872 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2873 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2874 idtinit\(void\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2875 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2876   lidt\(idt, sizeof idt\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2877 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2878 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2879 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2880 trap\(struct trapframe *tf\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2881 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2882   int v = tf->trapno;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2883   struct proc *cp = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 24.08 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2884 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2885   if\(v == T_SYSCALL\){) 15.652 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2886     if\(cp->killed\)) 13.846 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2887       proc_exit\(\);) 13.846 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2888     cp->tf = tf;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2889     syscall\(\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2890     if\(cp->killed\)) 13.846 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2891       proc_exit\(\);) 13.846 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2892     return;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2893   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2894 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2895 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2896 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2897 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2898 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2899 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 28) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 36 36
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/trap.c  Page 2) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2900   // Increment nlock to make sure interrupts stay off) 34.916 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2901   // during interrupt handler.  Decrement before returning.) 38.528 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2902   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock++;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2903 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2904   switch\(v\){) 10.234 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2905   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_TIMER:) 21.07 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2906     lapic_timerintr\(\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2907     cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock--;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2908     if\(cp\){) 9.632 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2909       // Force process exit if it has been killed and is in user space.) 45.752 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2910       // \(If it is still executing in the kernel, let it keep running) 44.548 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2911       // until it gets to the regular system call return.\)) 37.926 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2912       if\(\(tf->cs&3\) == 3 && cp->killed\)) 26.488 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2913         proc_exit\(\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2914 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2915       // Force process to give up CPU and let others run.) 37.324 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2916       if\(cp->state == RUNNING\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2917         yield\(\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2918     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2919     return;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2920 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2921   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_IDE:) 19.866 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2922     ide_intr\(\);) 12.04 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2923     lapic_eoi\(\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2924     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2925 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2926   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_KBD:) 19.866 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2927     kbd_intr\(\);) 12.04 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2928     lapic_eoi\(\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2929     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2930 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2931   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_SPURIOUS:) 22.876 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2932     cprintf\("spurious interrupt from cpu %d eip %x\\n", cpu\(\), tf->eip\);) 45.752 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2933     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2934 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2935   default:) 9.03 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2936     if\(curproc[cpu\(\)]\) {) 17.458 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2937       // Assume process divided by zero or dereferenced null, etc.) 42.742 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2938       cprintf\("pid %d: unhandled trap %d on cpu %d eip %x -- kill proc\\n",) 47.558 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2939               curproc[cpu\(\)]->pid, v, cpu\(\), tf->eip\);) 35.518 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2940       proc_exit\(\);) 13.846 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2941     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2942 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2943     // Otherwise it's our mistake.) 23.478 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2944     cprintf\("unexpected trap %d from cpu %d eip %x\\n", v, cpu\(\), tf->eip\);) 47.558 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2945     panic\("trap"\);) 13.846 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2946   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2947 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2948   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock--;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2949 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 29) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/vectors.pl  Page 1) 24.682 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(2950 #!/usr/bin/perl -w) 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(2951 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(2952 # Generate vectors.S, the trap/interrupt entry points.) 35.518 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(2953 # There has to be one entry point per interrupt number) 35.518 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(2954 # since otherwise there's no way for trap\(\) to discover) 36.12 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(2955 # the interrupt number.) 16.856 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(2956 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(2957 print "# generated by vectors.pl - do not edit\\n";) 33.11 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(2958 print "# handlers\\n";) 15.652 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(2959 print ".text\\n";) 12.642 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(2960 print ".globl alltraps\\n";) 18.662 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(2961 for\(my $i = 0; $i < 256; $i++\){) 21.672 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(2962     print ".globl vector$i\\n";) 21.07 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(2963     print "vector$i:\\n";) 17.458 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(2964     if\(\($i < 8 || $i > 14\) && $i != 17\){) 27.09 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(2965         print "  pushl \\$0\\n";) 21.07 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(2966     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(2967     print "  pushl \\$$i\\n";) 19.264 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(2968     print "  jmp alltraps\\n";) 20.468 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(2969 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(2970 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(2971 print "\\n# vector table\\n";) 19.264 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(2972 print ".data\\n";) 12.642 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(2973 print ".globl vectors\\n";) 18.06 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(2974 print "vectors:\\n";) 14.448 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(2975 for\(my $i = 0; $i < 256; $i++\){) 21.672 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(2976     print "  .long vector$i\\n";) 21.672 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(2977 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(2978 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(2979 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(2980 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(2981 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(2982 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(2983 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(2984 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(2985 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(2986 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(2987 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(2988 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(2989 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(2990 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(2991 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(2992 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(2993 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(2994 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(2995 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(2996 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(2997 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(2998 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(2999 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 29) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 37 37
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/syscall.c  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3000 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3001 #include "stat.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3002 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3003 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3004 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(3005 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(3006 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(3007 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3008 #include "syscall.h") 15.05 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3009 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3010 #include "buf.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3011 #include "fs.h") 12.04 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3012 #include "fsvar.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3013 #include "elf.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3014 #include "file.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3015 #include "fcntl.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(3016 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(3017 // User code makes a system call with INT T_SYSCALL.) 34.314 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3018 // System call number in %eax.) 21.07 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(3019 // Arguments on the stack, from the user call to the C) 35.518 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3020 // library system call function. The saved user %esp points) 38.528 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3021 // to a saved program counter, and then the first argument.) 38.528 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3022 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3023 // Fetch the int at addr from process p.) 27.09 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3024 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(3025 fetchint\(struct proc *p, uint addr, int *ip\)) 29.498 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3026 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3027   if\(addr >= p->sz || addr+4 > p->sz\)) 25.284 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3028     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(3029   *ip = *\(int*\)\(p->mem + addr\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3030   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3031 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(3032 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(3033 // Fetch the nul-terminated string at addr from process p.) 37.926 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(3034 // Doesn't actually copy the string - just sets *pp to point at it.) 43.344 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(3035 // Returns length of string, not including nul.) 31.304 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(3036 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(3037 fetchstr\(struct proc *p, uint addr, char **pp\)) 30.702 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3038 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3039   char *cp, *ep;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(3040 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3041   if\(addr >= p->sz\)) 14.448 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(3042     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(3043   *pp = p->mem + addr;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(3044   ep = p->mem + p->sz;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(3045   for\(cp = *pp; cp < ep; cp++\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(3046     if\(*cp == 0\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(3047       return cp - *pp;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(3048   return -1;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(3049 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 30) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/syscall.c  Page 2) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3050 // Fetch the argno'th word-sized system call argument as an integer.) 43.946 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3051 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3052 argint\(int argno, int *ip\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3053 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3054   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(3055 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(3056   return fetchint\(p, p->tf->esp + 4 + 4*argno, ip\);) 33.712 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(3057 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3058 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3059 // Fetch the nth word-sized system call argument as a pointer) 39.732 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3060 // to a block of memory of size n bytes.  Check that the pointer) 41.538 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3061 // lies within the process address space.) 27.692 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3062 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3063 argptr\(int argno, char **pp, int size\)) 25.886 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3064 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3065   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(3066   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(3067 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3068   if\(argint\(argno, &i\) < 0\)) 19.264 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(3069     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3070   if\(\(uint\)i >= p->sz || \(uint\)i+size >= p->sz\)) 31.304 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3071     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3072   *pp = p->mem + i;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3073   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3074 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(3075 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3076 // Fetch the nth word-sized system call argument as a string pointer.) 44.548 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3077 // Check that the pointer is valid and the string is nul-terminated.) 43.946 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3078 // \(There is no shared writable memory, so the string can't change) 42.742 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(3079 // between this check and being used by the kernel.\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3080 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3081 argstr\(int argno, char **pp\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(3082 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(3083   int addr;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(3084   if\(argint\(argno, &addr\) < 0\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(3085     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(3086   return fetchstr\(curproc[cpu\(\)], addr, pp\);) 29.498 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(3087 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3088 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3089 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(3090 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3091 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(3092 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(3093 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(3094 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(3095 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(3096 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(3097 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(3098 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(3099 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 30) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 38 38
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/syscall.c  Page 3) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3100 extern int sys_chdir\(void\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3101 extern int sys_close\(void\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3102 extern int sys_dup\(void\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3103 extern int sys_exec\(void\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3104 extern int sys_exit\(void\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(3105 extern int sys_fork\(void\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(3106 extern int sys_fstat\(void\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(3107 extern int sys_getpid\(void\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3108 extern int sys_kill\(void\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3109 extern int sys_link\(void\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3110 extern int sys_mkdir\(void\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3111 extern int sys_mknod\(void\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3112 extern int sys_open\(void\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3113 extern int sys_pipe\(void\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3114 extern int sys_read\(void\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3115 extern int sys_sbrk\(void\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(3116 extern int sys_unlink\(void\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(3117 extern int sys_wait\(void\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3118 extern int sys_write\(void\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(3119 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3120 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3121 syscall\(void\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3122 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3123   struct proc *cp = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 24.08 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3124   int num = cp->tf->eax;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(3125   int ret = -1;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3126 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3127   switch\(num\){) 11.438 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3128   case SYS_fork:) 12.642 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(3129     ret = sys_fork\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3130     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3131   case SYS_exit:) 12.642 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(3132     ret = sys_exit\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(3133     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(3134   case SYS_wait:) 12.642 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(3135     ret = sys_wait\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(3136     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(3137   case SYS_pipe:) 12.642 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3138     ret = sys_pipe\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3139     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(3140   case SYS_write:) 13.244 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3141     ret = sys_write\(\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(3142     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(3143   case SYS_read:) 12.642 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(3144     ret = sys_read\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(3145     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(3146   case SYS_close:) 13.244 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(3147     ret = sys_close\(\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(3148     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(3149   case SYS_kill:) 12.642 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 31) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/syscall.c  Page 4) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3150     ret = sys_kill\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3151     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3152   case SYS_exec:) 12.642 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3153     ret = sys_exec\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3154     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(3155   case SYS_open:) 12.642 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(3156     ret = sys_open\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(3157     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3158   case SYS_mknod:) 13.244 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3159     ret = sys_mknod\(\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3160     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3161   case SYS_unlink:) 13.846 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3162     ret = sys_unlink\(\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3163     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3164   case SYS_fstat:) 13.244 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3165     ret = sys_fstat\(\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(3166     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(3167   case SYS_link:) 12.642 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3168     ret = sys_link\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(3169     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3170   case SYS_mkdir:) 13.244 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3171     ret = sys_mkdir\(\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3172     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3173   case SYS_chdir:) 13.244 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3174     ret = sys_chdir\(\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(3175     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3176   case SYS_dup:) 12.04 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3177     ret = sys_dup\(\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3178     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(3179   case SYS_getpid:) 13.846 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3180     ret = sys_getpid\(\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3181     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(3182   case SYS_sbrk:) 12.642 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(3183     ret = sys_sbrk\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(3184     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(3185   default:) 9.03 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(3186     cprintf\("unknown sys call %d\\n", num\);) 28.294 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(3187     // Maybe kill the process?) 21.07 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3188     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3189   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(3190   cp->tf->eax = ret;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3191 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(3192 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(3193 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(3194 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(3195 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(3196 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(3197 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(3198 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(3199 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 31) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 39 39
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysproc.c  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3200 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3201 #include "stat.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3202 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3203 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3204 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(3205 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(3206 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(3207 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3208 #include "syscall.h") 15.05 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3209 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3210 #include "buf.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3211 #include "fs.h") 12.04 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3212 #include "fsvar.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3213 #include "elf.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3214 #include "file.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3215 #include "fcntl.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(3216 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(3217 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3218 sys_fork\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(3219 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3220   struct proc *np;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3221 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3222   if\(\(np = copyproc\(curproc[cpu\(\)]\)\) == 0\)) 28.294 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3223     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3224   np->state = RUNNABLE;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(3225   return np->pid;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3226 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3227 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3228 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(3229 sys_exit\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3230 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3231   proc_exit\(\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(3232   return 0;  // not reached) 19.264 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(3233 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(3234 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(3235 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(3236 sys_wait\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(3237 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3238   return proc_wait\(\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3239 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(3240 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3241 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(3242 sys_kill\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(3243 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(3244   int pid;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(3245 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(3246   if\(argint\(0, &pid\) < 0\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(3247     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(3248   return proc_kill\(pid\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(3249 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 32) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysproc.c  Page 2) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3250 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3251 sys_getpid\(void\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3252 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3253   return curproc[cpu\(\)]->pid;) 20.468 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3254 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(3255 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(3256 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(3257 sys_sbrk\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3258 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3259   int addr;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3260   int n;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3261   struct proc *cp = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 24.08 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3262 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3263   if\(argint\(0, &n\) < 0\)) 16.856 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3264     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3265   if\(\(addr = growproc\(n\)\) < 0\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(3266     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(3267   setupsegs\(cp\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3268   return addr;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
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+(3566 #define NADDRS \(NDIRECT+1\)) 18.662 Tj
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+(3567 #define NDIRECT 12) 13.846 Tj
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+(3569 #define NINDIRECT \(BSIZE / sizeof\(uint\)\)) 27.09 Tj
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+(3570 #define MAXFILE \(NDIRECT  + NINDIRECT\)) 25.886 Tj
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+(3572 // On-disk inode structure) 18.662 Tj
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+(3575   short major;          // Major device number \(T_DEV only\)) 38.528 Tj
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+(3576   short minor;          // Minor device number \(T_DEV only\)) 38.528 Tj
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+(3577   short nlink;          // Number of links to inode in file system) 42.742 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3578   uint size;            // Size of file \(bytes\)) 31.304 Tj
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+(3579   uint addrs[NADDRS];   // Data block addresses) 31.304 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3580 };) 4.214 Tj
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+(3581 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3582 #define T_DIR  1   // Directory) 21.672 Tj
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+(3583 #define T_FILE 2   // File) 18.662 Tj
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+(3584 #define T_DEV  3   // Special device) 24.682 Tj
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+(3585 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3586 // Inodes per block.) 15.05 Tj
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+(3587 #define IPB           \(BSIZE / sizeof\(struct dinode\)\)) 34.916 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3588 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3589 // Block containing inode i) 19.264 Tj
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+(3590 #define IBLOCK\(i\)     \(\(i\) / IPB + 2\)) 25.284 Tj
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+(3592 // Bitmap bits per block) 17.458 Tj
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+(3595 // Block containing bit for block b) 24.08 Tj
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+(3599 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3641 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3643 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3644 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3650 // in-core file system types) 19.866 Tj
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+(3651 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3653   uint dev;           // Device number) 25.886 Tj
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+(3654   uint inum;          // Inode number) 25.284 Tj
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+(3655   int ref;            // Reference count) 27.09 Tj
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+(3656   int busy;           // Is the inode "locked"?) 31.304 Tj
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+(3658   short type;         // copy of disk inode) 28.896 Tj
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+(3664 };) 4.214 Tj
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+(3666 extern uint rootdev;) 15.05 Tj
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ide.c  Page 1) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3700 // Simple PIO-based \(non-DMA\) IDE driver code.) 30.702 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3701 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3702 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
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+(3703 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
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+(3704 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
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+(3705 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
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+(3706 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
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+(3707 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3708 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
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+(3709 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3710 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3711 #define IDE_BSY       0x80) 18.662 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3712 #define IDE_DRDY      0x40) 18.662 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3713 #define IDE_DF        0x20) 18.662 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3714 #define IDE_ERR       0x01) 18.662 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3715 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3716 #define IDE_CMD_READ  0x20) 18.662 Tj
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+(3717 #define IDE_CMD_WRITE 0x30) 18.662 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3718 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(3719 // IDE request queue.) 15.652 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3720 // The next request will be stored in request[head],) 34.314 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3721 // and the request currently being served by the disk) 34.916 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3722 // is request[tail].) 15.05 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3723 // Must hold ide_lock while manipulating queue.) 31.304 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3724 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3725 struct ide_request {) 15.05 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3726   int diskno;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3727   uint secno;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3728   void *addr;) 10.836 Tj
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+(3729   uint nsecs;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3730   uint read;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3731 };) 4.214 Tj
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+(3732 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3733 static struct ide_request request[NREQUEST];) 29.498 Tj
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+(3734 static int head, tail;) 16.254 Tj
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+(3735 static struct spinlock ide_lock;) 22.274 Tj
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+(3737 static int disk_1_present;) 18.662 Tj
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+(3738 static int disk_queue;) 16.254 Tj
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+(3740 static int ide_probe_disk1\(void\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3741 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3742 // Wait for IDE disk to become ready.) 25.284 Tj
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+(3746   int r;) 7.826 Tj
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+(3747 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3748   while\(\(\(r = inb\(0x1F7\)\) & \(IDE_BSY|IDE_DRDY\)\) != IDE_DRDY\)) 39.13 Tj
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+(3749     ;) 6.02 Tj
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+(3750   if\(check_error && \(r & \(IDE_DF|IDE_ERR\)\) != 0\)) 31.906 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3751     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3752   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3753 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3754 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(3755 void) 5.418 Tj
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+(3756 ide_init\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
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+(3757 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3758   initlock\(&ide_lock, "ide"\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3759   irq_enable\(IRQ_IDE\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3760   ioapic_enable\(IRQ_IDE, ncpu - 1\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3761   ide_wait_ready\(0\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3762   disk_1_present = ide_probe_disk1\(\);) 25.284 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3763 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3764 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3765 // Probe to see if disk 1 exists \(we assume disk 0 exists\).) 38.528 Tj
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+(3766 static int) 9.03 Tj
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+(3767 ide_probe_disk1\(void\)) 15.652 Tj
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+(3768 {) 3.612 Tj
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+(3769   int r, x;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3770 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3771   // wait for Device 0 to be ready) 23.478 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3772   ide_wait_ready\(0\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3773 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3774   // switch to Device 1) 16.856 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(3775   outb\(0x1F6, 0xE0 | \(1<<4\)\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3776 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3777   // check for Device 1 to be ready for a while) 31.304 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3778   for\(x = 0; x < 1000 && \(r = inb\(0x1F7\)\) == 0; x++\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(3779     ;) 6.02 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3780 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3781   // switch back to Device 0) 19.866 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(3782   outb\(0x1F6, 0xE0 | \(0<<4\)\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(3783 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(3784   return x < 1000;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(3785 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(3786 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(3787 // Interrupt handler - wake up the request that just finished.) 40.334 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3788 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3789 ide_intr\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(3790 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3791   acquire\(&ide_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(3792   wakeup\(&request[tail]\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(3793   release\(&ide_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(3794 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(3795 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(3796 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(3797 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(3798 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(3799 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 37) 4.816 Tj
+Q
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+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
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+%%Page: 45 45
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ide.c  Page 3) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3800 // Start the next request in the queue.) 26.488 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3801 static void) 9.632 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3802 ide_start_request \(void\)) 17.458 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3803 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3804   struct ide_request *r;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(3805 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(3806   if\(head != tail\) {) 15.05 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(3807     r = &request[tail];) 16.856 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3808     ide_wait_ready\(0\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3809     outb\(0x3f6, 0\);  // generate interrupt) 28.294 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3810     outb\(0x1F2, r->nsecs\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3811     outb\(0x1F3, r->secno & 0xFF\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3812     outb\(0x1F4, \(r->secno >> 8\) & 0xFF\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3813     outb\(0x1F5, \(r->secno >> 16\) & 0xFF\);) 27.692 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3814     outb\(0x1F6, 0xE0 | \(\(r->diskno&1\)<<4\) | \(\(r->secno>>24\)&0x0F\)\);) 43.344 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3815     if\(r->read\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(3816       outb\(0x1F7, IDE_CMD_READ\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(3817     else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3818       outb\(0x1F7, IDE_CMD_WRITE\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(3819       outsl\(0x1F0, r->addr, 512/4\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3820     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3821   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3822 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3823 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3824 // Run an entire disk operation.) 22.274 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(3825 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3826 ide_rw\(int diskno, uint secno, void *addr, uint nsecs, int read\)) 41.538 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3827 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3828   struct ide_request *r;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(3829 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3830   if\(diskno && !disk_1_present\)) 21.672 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3831     panic\("ide disk 1 not present"\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(3832 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(3833   acquire\(&ide_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(3834 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(3835   // Add request to queue.) 18.662 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(3836   while\(\(head + 1\) % NREQUEST == tail\)) 25.886 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(3837     sleep\(&disk_queue, &ide_lock\);) 23.478 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3838 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3839   r = &request[head];) 15.652 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(3840   r->secno = secno;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3841   r->addr = addr;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(3842   r->nsecs = nsecs;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(3843   r->diskno = diskno;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(3844   r->read = read;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(3845   head = \(head + 1\) % NREQUEST;) 21.672 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(3846 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(3847   // Start request if necessary.) 22.274 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(3848   ide_start_request\(\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(3849 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 38) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ide.c  Page 4) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3850   // Wait for request to finish.) 22.274 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3851   sleep\(r, &ide_lock\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3852 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3853   // Finish request.) 15.05 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3854   if\(read\){) 9.632 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(3855     if\(ide_wait_ready\(1\) >= 0\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(3856       insl\(0x1F0, addr, 512/4\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(3857   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3858 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3859   // Remove request from queue.) 21.672 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3860   if\(\(head + 1\) % NREQUEST == tail\)) 24.08 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3861     wakeup\(&disk_queue\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3862   tail = \(tail + 1\) % NREQUEST;) 21.672 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3863 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3864   // Start next request in queue, if any.) 27.692 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3865   ide_start_request\(\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(3866 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(3867   release\(&ide_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3868 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(3869 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3870 // Synchronous disk write.) 18.662 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3871 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3872 ide_write\(int diskno, uint secno, const void *src, uint nsecs\)) 40.334 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3873 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3874   int r;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(3875 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3876   if\(nsecs > 256\)) 13.244 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3877     panic\("ide_write"\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3878 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(3879   ide_wait_ready\(0\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3880 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3881   outb\(0x1F2, nsecs\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(3882   outb\(0x1F3, secno & 0xFF\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(3883   outb\(0x1F4, \(secno >> 8\) & 0xFF\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(3884   outb\(0x1F5, \(secno >> 16\) & 0xFF\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(3885   outb\(0x1F6, 0xE0 | \(\(diskno&1\)<<4\) | \(\(secno>>24\)&0x0F\)\);) 38.528 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(3886   outb\(0x1F7, 0x30\);    // CMD 0x30 means write sector) 35.518 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(3887 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3888   for\(; nsecs > 0; nsecs--, src += 512\) {) 27.692 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3889     if\(\(r = ide_wait_ready\(1\)\) < 0\)) 24.08 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(3890       return r;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3891     outsl\(0x1F0, src, 512/4\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(3892   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(3893 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(3894   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(3895 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(3896 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(3897 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(3898 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(3899 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 38) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 46 46
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bio.c  Page 1) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3900 // Buffer cache.) 12.642 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3901 //) 4.214 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3902 // The buffer cache is a linked list of buf structures) 35.518 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3903 // holding cached copies of disk block contents.) 31.906 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3904 // Each buf has two state bits B_BUSY and B_VALID.) 33.11 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(3905 // If B_BUSY is set, it means that some code is currently) 37.324 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(3906 // editing buf, so other code is not allowed to look at it.) 38.528 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(3907 // To wait for a buffer that is B_BUSY, sleep on buf.) 34.916 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3908 // \(See bget below.\)) 15.05 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3909 //) 4.214 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3910 // If B_VALID is set, it means that the memory contents) 36.12 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3911 // have been initialized by reading them off the disk.) 35.518 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3912 // \(Conversely, if B_VALID is not set, the memory contents) 37.926 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3913 // of buf must be initialized, often by calling bread,) 35.518 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3914 // before being used.\)) 16.254 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3915 //) 4.214 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(3916 // After making changes to a buf's memory, call bwrite to flush) 40.936 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(3917 // the changes out to disk, to keep the disk and memory copies) 40.334 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3918 // in sync.) 9.632 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(3919 //) 4.214 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3920 // When finished with a buffer, call brelse to release the buffer) 42.14 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3921 // \(i.e., clear B_BUSY\), so that others can access it.) 35.518 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3922 //) 4.214 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3923 // Bufs that are not B_BUSY are fair game for reuse for other) 39.732 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3924 // disk blocks.  It is not allowed to use a buf after calling brelse.) 44.548 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(3925 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3926 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3927 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3928 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(3929 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3930 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3931 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(3932 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(3933 #include "buf.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(3934 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(3935 struct buf buf[NBUF];) 15.652 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(3936 struct spinlock buf_table_lock;) 21.672 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(3937 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3938 // Linked list of all buffers, through prev/next.) 32.508 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3939 // bufhead->next is most recently used.) 26.488 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(3940 // bufhead->tail is least recently used.) 27.09 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3941 struct buf bufhead;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(3942 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(3943 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(3944 binit\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(3945 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(3946   struct buf *b;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(3947 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(3948   initlock\(&buf_table_lock, "buf_table"\);) 27.692 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(3949 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 39) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bio.c  Page 2) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(3950   // Create linked list of buffers) 23.478 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(3951   bufhead.prev = &bufhead;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(3952   bufhead.next = &bufhead;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(3953   for\(b = buf; b < buf+NBUF; b++\){) 23.478 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(3954     b->next = bufhead.next;) 19.264 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(3955     b->prev = &bufhead;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(3956     bufhead.next->prev = b;) 19.264 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(3957     bufhead.next = b;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(3958   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(3959 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(3960 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(3961 // Look through buffer cache for block n on device dev.) 36.12 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(3962 // If not found, allocate fresh block.) 25.886 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(3963 // In either case, return locked buffer.) 27.09 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(3964 static struct buf*) 13.846 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(3965 bget\(uint dev, uint sector\)) 19.264 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(3966 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(3967   struct buf *b;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(3968 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(3969   acquire\(&buf_table_lock\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(3970 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(3971   for\(;;\){) 9.03 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(3972     for\(b = bufhead.next; b != &bufhead; b = b->next\)) 34.916 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(3973       if\(\(b->flags & \(B_BUSY|B_VALID\)\) &&) 27.692 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(3974          b->dev == dev && b->sector == sector\)) 30.702 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(3975         break;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(3976 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(3977     if\(b != &bufhead\){) 16.254 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(3978       if\(b->flags & B_BUSY\){) 19.866 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(3979         sleep\(buf, &buf_table_lock\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(3980       } else {) 11.438 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(3981         b->flags |= B_BUSY;) 19.264 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(3982         // b->flags &= ~B_VALID; // Force reread from disk) 37.926 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(3983         release\(&buf_table_lock\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(3984         return b;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(3985       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(3986     } else {) 10.234 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(3987       for\(b = bufhead.prev; b != &bufhead; b = b->prev\){) 36.722 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(3988         if\(\(b->flags & B_BUSY\) == 0\){) 25.284 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(3989           b->flags = B_BUSY;) 19.866 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(3990           b->dev = dev;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(3991           b->sector = sector;) 20.468 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(3992           release\(&buf_table_lock\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(3993           return b;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(3994         }) 8.428 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(3995       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(3996       panic\("bget: no buffers"\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(3997     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(3998   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(3999 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 39) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 47 47
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bio.c  Page 3) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4000 // Read buf's contents from disk.) 22.876 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4001 struct buf*) 9.632 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4002 bread\(uint dev, uint sector\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4003 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4004   struct buf *b;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4005 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4006   b = bget\(dev, sector\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4007   if\(b->flags & B_VALID\)) 17.458 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4008     return b;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4009 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4010   ide_rw\(dev & 0xff, sector, b->data, 1, 1\);) 29.498 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4011   b->flags |= B_VALID;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4012 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4013   return b;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4014 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4015 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4016 // Write buf's contents to disk.) 22.274 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4017 // Must be locked.) 13.846 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4018 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4019 bwrite\(struct buf *b, uint sector\)) 23.478 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4020 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4021   if\(\(b->flags & B_BUSY\) == 0\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4022     panic\("bwrite"\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4023 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4024   ide_rw\(b->dev & 0xff, sector, b->data, 1, 0\);) 31.304 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4025   b->flags |= B_VALID;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4026 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4027 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4028 // Release the buffer buf.) 18.662 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4029 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4030 brelse\(struct buf *b\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4031 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4032   if\(\(b->flags & B_BUSY\) == 0\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4033     panic\("brelse"\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4034 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4035   acquire\(&buf_table_lock\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4036 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4037   b->next->prev = b->prev;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4038   b->prev->next = b->next;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4039   b->next = bufhead.next;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4040   b->prev = &bufhead;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4041   bufhead.next->prev = b;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4042   bufhead.next = b;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4043 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4044   b->flags &= ~B_BUSY;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4045   wakeup\(buf\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4046 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4047   release\(&buf_table_lock\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4048 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4049 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 40) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 1) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4050 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4051 #include "stat.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4052 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4053 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4054 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4055 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4056 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4057 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4058 #include "buf.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4059 #include "fs.h") 12.04 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4060 #include "fsvar.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4061 #include "dev.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4062 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4063 // Inode table.  The inode table is an in-memory cache of the) 39.732 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4064 // on-disk inode structures.  If an inode in the table has a non-zero) 44.548 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4065 // reference count, then some open files refer to it and it must stay) 44.548 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4066 // in memory.  If an inode has a zero reference count, it is only in) 43.946 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4067 // memory as a cache in hopes of being used again \(avoiding a disk read\).) 46.956 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4068 // Any inode with reference count zero can be evicted from the table.) 44.548 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4069 //) 4.214 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4070 // In addition to having a reference count, inodes can be marked busy) 44.548 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4071 // \(just like bufs\), meaning that some code has logically locked the) 43.946 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4072 // inode, and others are not allowed to look at it.) 33.712 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4073 // This locking can last for a long) 24.08 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4074 // time \(for example, if the inode is busy during a disk access\),) 42.14 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4075 // so we don't use spin locks.  Instead, if a process wants to use) 42.742 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4076 // a particular inode, it must sleep\(ip\) to wait for it to be not busy.) 45.752 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4077 // See iget below.) 13.846 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4078 struct inode inode[NINODE];) 19.264 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4079 struct spinlock inode_table_lock;) 22.876 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4080 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4081 uint rootdev = 1;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4082 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4083 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4084 iinit\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4085 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4086   initlock\(&inode_table_lock, "inode_table"\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4087 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4088 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4089 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4090 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4091 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4092 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4093 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4094 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4095 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4096 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4097 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4098 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4099 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 40) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 48 48
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 2) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4100 // Allocate a disk block.) 18.06 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4101 static uint) 9.632 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4102 balloc\(uint dev\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4103 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4104   int b;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4105   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4106   struct superblock *sb;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4107   int bi = 0;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4108   int size;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4109   int ninodes;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4110   uchar m;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4111 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4112   bp = bread\(dev, 1\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4113   sb = \(struct superblock*\) bp->data;) 25.284 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4114   size = sb->size;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4115   ninodes = sb->ninodes;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4116 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4117   for\(b = 0; b < size; b++\) {) 20.468 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4118     if\(b % BPB == 0\) {) 16.254 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4119       brelse\(bp\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4120       bp = bread\(dev, BBLOCK\(b, ninodes\)\);) 28.294 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4121     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4122     bi = b % BPB;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4123     m = 0x1 << \(bi % 8\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4124     if\(\(bp->data[bi/8] & m\) == 0\) {  // is block free?) 35.518 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4125       break;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4126     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4127   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4128   if\(b >= size\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4129     panic\("balloc: out of blocks"\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4130 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4131   bp->data[bi/8] |= 0x1 << \(bi % 8\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4132   bwrite\(bp, BBLOCK\(b, ninodes\)\);  // mark it allocated on disk) 40.936 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4133   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4134   return b;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4135 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4136 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4137 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4138 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4139 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4140 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4141 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4142 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4143 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4144 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4145 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4146 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4147 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4148 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4149 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 41) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 3) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4150 // Free a disk block.) 15.652 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4151 static void) 9.632 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4152 bfree\(int dev, uint b\)) 16.254 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4153 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4154   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4155   struct superblock *sb;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4156   int bi;) 8.428 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4157   int ninodes;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4158   uchar m;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4159 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4160   bp = bread\(dev, 1\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4161   sb = \(struct superblock*\) bp->data;) 25.284 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4162   ninodes = sb->ninodes;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4163   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4164 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4165   bp = bread\(dev, b\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4166   memset\(bp->data, 0, BSIZE\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4167   bwrite\(bp, b\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4168   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4169 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4170   bp = bread\(dev, BBLOCK\(b, ninodes\)\);) 25.886 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4171   bi = b % BPB;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4172   m = ~\(0x1 << \(bi %8\)\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4173   bp->data[bi/8] &= m;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4174   bwrite\(bp, BBLOCK\(b, ninodes\)\);  // mark it free on disk) 37.926 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4175   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4176 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4177 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4178 // Find the inode with number inum on device dev) 31.906 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4179 // and return an in-memory copy.  Loads the inode) 32.508 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4180 // from disk into the in-core table if necessary.) 32.508 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4181 // The returned inode has busy set and has its ref count incremented.) 44.548 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4182 // Caller must iput the return value when done with it.) 36.12 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4183 struct inode*) 10.836 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4184 iget\(uint dev, uint inum\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4185 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4186   struct inode *ip, *nip;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4187   struct dinode *dip;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4188   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4189 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4190   acquire\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4191 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4192  loop:) 6.622 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4193   nip = 0;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4194   for\(ip = &inode[0]; ip < &inode[NINODE]; ip++\){) 32.508 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4195     if\(ip->ref > 0 && ip->dev == dev && ip->inum == inum\){) 37.926 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4196       if\(ip->busy\){) 14.448 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4197         sleep\(ip, &inode_table_lock\);) 25.284 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4198         // Since we droped inode_table_lock, ip might have been reused) 45.15 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4199         // for some other inode entirely.  Must start the scan over,) 43.946 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 41) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 49 49
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 4) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4200         // and hopefully this time we will find the inode we want) 42.14 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4201         // and it will not be busy.) 24.08 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4202         goto loop;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4203       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4204       ip->ref++;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4205       ip->busy = 1;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4206       release\(&inode_table_lock\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4207       return ip;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4208     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4209     if\(nip == 0 && ip->ref == 0\)) 22.274 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4210       nip = ip;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4211   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4212 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4213   if\(nip == 0\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4214     panic\("out of inodes"\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4215 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4216   nip->dev = dev;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4217   nip->inum = inum;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4218   nip->ref = 1;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4219   nip->busy = 1;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4220 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4221   release\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4222 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4223   bp = bread\(dev, IBLOCK\(inum\)\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4224   dip = &\(\(struct dinode*\)\(bp->data\)\)[inum % IPB];) 33.11 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4225   nip->type = dip->type;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4226   nip->major = dip->major;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4227   nip->minor = dip->minor;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4228   nip->nlink = dip->nlink;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4229   nip->size = dip->size;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4230   memmove\(nip->addrs, dip->addrs, sizeof\(nip->addrs\)\);) 35.518 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4231   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4232 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4233   return nip;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4234 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4235 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4236 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4237 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4238 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4239 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4240 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4241 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4242 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4243 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4244 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4245 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4246 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4247 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4248 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4249 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 42) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 5) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4250 // Copy inode in memory, which has changed, to disk.) 34.314 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4251 // Caller must have locked ip.) 21.07 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4252 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4253 iupdate\(struct inode *ip\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4254 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4255   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4256   struct dinode *dip;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4257 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4258   bp = bread\(ip->dev, IBLOCK\(ip->inum\)\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4259   dip = &\(\(struct dinode*\)\(bp->data\)\)[ip->inum % IPB];) 35.518 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4260   dip->type = ip->type;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4261   dip->major = ip->major;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4262   dip->minor = ip->minor;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4263   dip->nlink = ip->nlink;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4264   dip->size = ip->size;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4265   memmove\(dip->addrs, ip->addrs, sizeof\(ip->addrs\)\);) 34.314 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4266   bwrite\(bp, IBLOCK\(ip->inum\)\);   // mark it allocated on the disk) 42.742 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4267   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4268 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4269 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4270 // Allocate a new inode with the given type) 28.896 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4271 // from the file system on device dev.) 25.886 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4272 struct inode*) 10.836 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4273 ialloc\(uint dev, short type\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4274 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4275   struct inode *ip;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4276   struct dinode *dip = 0;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4277   struct superblock *sb;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4278   int ninodes;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4279   int inum;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4280   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4281 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4282   bp = bread\(dev, 1\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4283   sb = \(struct superblock*\) bp->data;) 25.284 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4284   ninodes = sb->ninodes;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4285   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4286 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4287   for\(inum = 1; inum < ninodes; inum++\) {  // loop over inode blocks) 43.946 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4288     bp = bread\(dev, IBLOCK\(inum\)\);) 23.478 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4289     dip = &\(\(struct dinode*\)\(bp->data\)\)[inum % IPB];) 34.314 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4290     if\(dip->type == 0\) {  // a free inode) 27.692 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4291       break;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4292     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4293     brelse\(bp\);) 12.04 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4294   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4295 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4296   if\(inum >= ninodes\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4297     panic\("ialloc: no inodes left"\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4298 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4299 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 42) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 50 50
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 6) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4300   memset\(dip, 0, sizeof\(*dip\)\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4301   dip->type = type;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4302   bwrite\(bp, IBLOCK\(inum\)\);   // mark it allocated on the disk) 40.334 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4303   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4304   ip = iget\(dev, inum\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4305   return ip;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4306 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4307 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4308 // Free the given inode from its file system.) 30.1 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4309 static void) 9.632 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4310 ifree\(struct inode *ip\)) 16.856 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4311 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4312   ip->type = 0;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4313   iupdate\(ip\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4314 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4315 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4316 // Lock the given inode \(wait for it to be not busy,) 34.314 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4317 // and then ip->busy\).) 16.254 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4318 // Caller must already hold a reference to ip.) 30.702 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4319 // Otherwise, if all the references to ip go away,) 33.11 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4320 // it might be reused underfoot.) 22.274 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4321 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4322 ilock\(struct inode *ip\)) 16.856 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4323 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4324   if\(ip->ref < 1\)) 13.244 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4325     panic\("ilock"\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4326 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4327   acquire\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4328 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4329   while\(ip->busy\)) 13.244 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4330     sleep\(ip, &inode_table_lock\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4331   ip->busy = 1;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4332 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4333   release\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4334 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4335 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4336 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4337 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4338 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4339 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4340 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4341 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4342 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4343 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4344 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4345 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4346 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4347 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4348 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4349 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 43) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 7) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4350 // Caller holds reference to ip and has locked it.) 33.11 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4351 // Caller no longer needs to examine / change it.) 32.508 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4352 // Unlock it, but keep the reference.) 25.284 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4353 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4354 iunlock\(struct inode *ip\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4355 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4356   if\(ip->busy != 1 || ip->ref < 1\)) 23.478 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4357     panic\("iunlock"\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4358 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4359   acquire\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4360 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4361   ip->busy = 0;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4362   wakeup\(ip\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4363 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4364   release\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4365 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4366 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4367 // Return the disk block address of the nth block in inode ip.) 40.334 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4368 uint) 5.418 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4369 bmap\(struct inode *ip, uint bn\)) 21.672 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4370 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4371   unsigned x;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4372   uint *a;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4373   struct buf *inbp;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4374 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4375   if\(bn >= MAXFILE\)) 14.448 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4376     panic\("bmap 1"\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4377   if\(bn < NDIRECT\) {) 15.05 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4378     x = ip->addrs[bn];) 16.254 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4379     if\(x == 0\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4380       panic\("bmap 2"\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4381   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4382     if\(ip->addrs[INDIRECT] == 0\)) 22.274 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4383       panic\("bmap 3"\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4384     inbp = bread\(ip->dev, ip->addrs[INDIRECT]\);) 31.304 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4385     a = \(uint*\) inbp->data;) 19.264 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4386     x = a[bn - NDIRECT];) 17.458 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4387     brelse\(inbp\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4388     if\(x == 0\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4389       panic\("bmap 4"\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4390   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4391   return x;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4392 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4393 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4394 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4395 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4396 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4397 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4398 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4399 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 43) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 51 51
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 8) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4400 // Truncate the inode ip, discarding all its data blocks.) 37.324 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4401 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4402 itrunc\(struct inode *ip\)) 17.458 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4403 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4404   int i, j;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4405   struct buf *inbp;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4406 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4407   for\(i = 0; i < NADDRS; i++\) {) 21.672 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4408     if\(ip->addrs[i] != 0\) {) 19.264 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4409       if\(i == INDIRECT\) {) 18.06 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4410         inbp = bread\(ip->dev, ip->addrs[INDIRECT]\);) 33.712 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4411         uint *a = \(uint*\) inbp->data;) 25.284 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4412         for\(j = 0; j < NINDIRECT; j++\) {) 27.09 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4413           if\(a[j] != 0\) {) 18.06 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4414             bfree\(ip->dev, a[j]\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4415             a[j] = 0;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4416           }) 9.632 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4417         }) 8.428 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4418         brelse\(inbp\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4419       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4420       bfree\(ip->dev, ip->addrs[i]\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4421       ip->addrs[i] = 0;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4422     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4423   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4424   ip->size = 0;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4425   iupdate\(ip\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4426 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4427 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4428 // Caller holds reference to ip and has locked it,) 33.11 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4429 // possibly editing it.) 16.856 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4430 // Release lock and drop the reference.) 26.488 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4431 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4432 iput\(struct inode *ip\)) 16.254 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4433 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4434   if\(ip->ref < 1 || ip->busy != 1\)) 23.478 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4435     panic\("iput"\);) 13.846 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4436 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4437   if\(\(ip->ref == 1\) && \(ip->nlink == 0\)\) {) 28.294 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4438     itrunc\(ip\);) 12.04 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4439     ifree\(ip\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4440   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4441 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4442   acquire\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4443 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4444   ip->ref -= 1;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4445   ip->busy = 0;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4446   wakeup\(ip\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4447 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4448   release\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4449 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 44) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 9) 21.07 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4450 // Caller holds reference to ip but not lock.) 30.1 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4451 // Drop reference.) 13.846 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4452 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4453 idecref\(struct inode *ip\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4454 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4455   ilock\(ip\);) 10.234 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4456   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4457 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4458 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4459 // Increment reference count for ip.) 24.682 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4460 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4461 iincref\(struct inode *ip\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4462 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4463   ilock\(ip\);) 10.234 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4464   ip->ref++;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4465   iunlock\(ip\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4466 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4467 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4468 // Copy stat information from inode.) 24.682 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4469 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4470 stati\(struct inode *ip, struct stat *st\)) 27.09 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4471 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4472   st->dev = ip->dev;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4473   st->ino = ip->inum;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4474   st->type = ip->type;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4475   st->nlink = ip->nlink;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4476   st->size = ip->size;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4477 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4478 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4479 #define min\(a, b\) \(\(a\) < \(b\) ? \(a\) : \(b\)\)) 27.692 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4480 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4481 // Read data from inode.) 17.458 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4482 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4483 readi\(struct inode *ip, char *dst, uint off, uint n\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4484 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4485   uint target = n, n1;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4486   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4487 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4488   if\(ip->type == T_DEV\) {) 18.06 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4489     if\(ip->major < 0 || ip->major >= NDEV || !devsw[ip->major].read\)) 43.946 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4490       return -1;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4491     return devsw[ip->major].read\(ip->minor, dst, n\);) 34.314 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4492   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4493 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4494   while\(n > 0 && off < ip->size\){) 22.876 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4495     bp = bread\(ip->dev, bmap\(ip, off / BSIZE\)\);) 31.304 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4496     n1 = min\(n, ip->size - off\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4497     n1 = min\(n1, BSIZE - \(off % BSIZE\)\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4498     memmove\(dst, bp->data + \(off % BSIZE\), n1\);) 31.304 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4499     n -= n1;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 44) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 52 52
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 10) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4500     off += n1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4501     dst += n1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4502     brelse\(bp\);) 12.04 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4503   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4504 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4505   return target - n;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4506 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4507 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4508 // Allocate the nth block in inode ip if necessary.) 33.712 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4509 static int) 9.03 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4510 newblock\(struct inode *ip, uint lbn\)) 24.682 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4511 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4512   struct buf *inbp;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4513   uint *inaddrs;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4514   uint b;) 8.428 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4515 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4516   if\(lbn < NDIRECT\) {) 15.652 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4517     if\(ip->addrs[lbn] == 0\) {) 20.468 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4518       b = balloc\(ip->dev\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4519       if\(b <= 0\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4520         return -1;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4521       ip->addrs[lbn] = b;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4522     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4523   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4524     if\(ip->addrs[INDIRECT] == 0\) {) 23.478 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4525       b = balloc\(ip->dev\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4526       if\(b <= 0\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4527         return -1;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4528       ip->addrs[INDIRECT] = b;) 21.07 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4529     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4530     inbp = bread\(ip->dev, ip->addrs[INDIRECT]\);) 31.304 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4531     inaddrs = \(uint*\) inbp->data;) 22.876 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4532     if\(inaddrs[lbn - NDIRECT] == 0\) {) 25.284 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4533       b = balloc\(ip->dev\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4534       if\(b <= 0\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4535         return -1;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4536       inaddrs[lbn - NDIRECT] = b;) 22.876 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4537       bwrite\(inbp, ip->addrs[INDIRECT]\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4538     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4539     brelse\(inbp\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4540   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4541   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4542 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4543 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4544 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4545 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4546 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4547 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4548 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4549 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 45) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 11) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4550 // Write data to inode.) 16.856 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4551 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4552 writei\(struct inode *ip, char *addr, uint off, uint n\)) 35.518 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4553 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4554   if\(ip->type == T_DEV\) {) 18.06 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4555     if\(ip->major < 0 || ip->major >= NDEV || !devsw[ip->major].write\)) 44.548 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4556       return -1;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4557     return devsw[ip->major].write\(ip->minor, addr, n\);) 35.518 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4558   } else if\(ip->type == T_FILE || ip->type == T_DIR\) {) 35.518 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4559     struct buf *bp;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4560     int r = 0;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4561     int m;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4562     int lbn;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4563     while\(r < n\) {) 13.846 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4564       lbn = off / BSIZE;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4565       if\(lbn >= MAXFILE\)) 17.458 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4566         return r;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4567       if\(newblock\(ip, lbn\) < 0\) {) 22.876 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4568         cprintf\("newblock failed\\n"\);) 25.284 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4569         return r;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4570       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4571       m = min\(BSIZE - off % BSIZE, n-r\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4572       bp = bread\(ip->dev, bmap\(ip, lbn\)\);) 27.692 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4573       memmove\(bp->data + off % BSIZE, addr, m\);) 31.304 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4574       bwrite\(bp, bmap\(ip, lbn\)\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4575       brelse\(bp\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4576       r += m;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4577       off += m;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4578     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4579     if\(r > 0\) {) 12.04 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4580       if\(off > ip->size\) {) 18.662 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4581         if\(ip->type == T_DIR\)) 20.468 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4582           ip->size = \(\(off / BSIZE\) + 1\) * BSIZE;) 32.508 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4583         else) 10.234 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4584           ip->size = off;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4585       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4586       iupdate\(ip\);) 13.846 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4587     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4588     return r;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4589   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4590     panic\("writei: unknown type"\);) 23.478 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4591     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4592   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4593 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4594 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4595 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4596 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4597 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4598 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4599 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 45) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 53 53
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 12) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4600 // look up a path name, in one of three modes.) 30.702 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4601 // NAMEI_LOOKUP: return locked target inode.) 29.498 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4602 // NAMEI_CREATE: return locked parent inode.) 29.498 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4603 //   return 0 if name does exist.) 22.876 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4604 //   *ret_last points to last path component \(i.e. new file name\).) 42.742 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4605 //   *ret_ip points to the the name that did exist, if it did.) 40.334 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4606 //   *ret_ip and *ret_last may be zero even if return value is zero.) 43.946 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4607 // NAMEI_DELETE: return locked parent inode, offset of dirent in *ret_off.) 47.558 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4608 //   return 0 if name doesn't exist.) 24.682 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4609 struct inode*) 10.836 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4610 namei\(char *path, int mode, uint *ret_off,) 28.294 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4611       char **ret_last, struct inode **ret_ip\)) 30.1 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4612 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4613   struct inode *dp;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4614   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4615   char *cp = path, *cp1;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4616   uint off, dev;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4617   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4618   struct dirent *ep;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4619   int i, l, atend;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4620   uint ninum;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4621 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4622   if\(ret_off\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4623     *ret_off = 0xffffffff;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4624   if\(ret_last\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4625     *ret_last = 0;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4626   if\(ret_ip\)) 10.234 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4627     *ret_ip = 0;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4628 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4629   if\(*cp == '/'\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4630     dp = iget\(rootdev, 1\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4631   else {) 7.826 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4632     dp = p->cwd;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4633     iincref\(dp\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4634     ilock\(dp\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4635   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4636 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4637   for\(;;\){) 9.03 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4638     while\(*cp == '/'\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4639       cp++;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4640 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4641     if\(*cp == '\\0'\){) 15.05 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4642       if\(mode == NAMEI_LOOKUP\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4643         return dp;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4644       if\(mode == NAMEI_CREATE && ret_ip\){) 27.692 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4645         *ret_ip = dp;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4646         return 0;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4647       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4648       iput\(dp\);) 12.04 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4649       return 0;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 46) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 13) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4650     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4651 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4652     if\(dp->type != T_DIR\){) 18.662 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4653       iput\(dp\);) 12.04 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4654       return 0;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4655     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4656 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4657     for\(i = 0; cp[i] != 0 && cp[i] != '/'; i++\)) 31.304 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4658       ;) 7.224 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4659     l = i;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4660     if\(i > DIRSIZ\)) 13.846 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4661       l = DIRSIZ;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4662 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4663     for\(off = 0; off < dp->size; off += BSIZE\){) 31.304 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4664       bp = bread\(dp->dev, bmap\(dp, off / BSIZE\)\);) 32.508 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4665       for\(ep = \(struct dirent*\) bp->data;) 27.692 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4666           ep < \(struct dirent*\) \(bp->data + BSIZE\);) 33.712 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4667           ep++\){) 12.642 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4668         if\(ep->inum == 0\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4669           continue;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4670         if\(memcmp\(cp, ep->name, l\) == 0 &&) 28.294 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4671            \(l == DIRSIZ || ep->name[l]== 0\)\){) 30.1 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4672           // entry matches path element) 26.488 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4673           off += \(uchar*\)ep - bp->data;) 26.488 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4674           ninum = ep->inum;) 19.264 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4675           brelse\(bp\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4676           cp += i;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4677           goto found;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4678         }) 8.428 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4679       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4680       brelse\(bp\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4681     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4682     atend = 1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4683     for\(cp1 = cp; *cp1; cp1++\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4684       if\(*cp1 == '/'\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4685         atend = 0;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4686     if\(mode == NAMEI_CREATE && atend\){) 25.886 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4687       if\(*cp == '\\0'\){) 16.254 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4688         iput\(dp\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4689         return 0;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4690       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4691       *ret_last = cp;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4692       return dp;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4693     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4694 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4695     iput\(dp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4696     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4697 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4698 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4699 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 46) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 54 54
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 14) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4700   found:) 7.826 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4701     if\(mode == NAMEI_DELETE && *cp == '\\0'\){) 29.498 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4702       *ret_off = off;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4703       return dp;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4704     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4705     dev = dp->dev;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4706     iput\(dp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4707     dp = iget\(dev, ninum\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4708     if\(dp->type == 0 || dp->nlink < 1\)) 25.886 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4709       panic\("namei"\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4710   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4711 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4712 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4713 // Write a new directory entry \(name, ino\) into the directory dp.) 42.14 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4714 // Caller must have locked dp.) 21.07 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4715 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4716 wdir\(struct inode *dp, char *name, uint ino\)) 29.498 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4717 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4718   uint off;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4719   struct dirent de;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4720   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4721 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4722   for\(off = 0; off < dp->size; off += sizeof\(de\)\){) 33.11 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4723     if\(readi\(dp, \(char*\) &de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != sizeof\(de\)\)) 39.732 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4724       panic\("wdir read"\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4725     if\(de.inum == 0\)) 15.05 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4726       break;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4727   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4728 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4729   de.inum = ino;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4730   for\(i = 0; i < DIRSIZ && name[i]; i++\)) 27.09 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4731     de.name[i] = name[i];) 18.06 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4732   for\( ; i < DIRSIZ; i++\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4733     de.name[i] = '\\0';) 16.254 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4734 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4735   if\(writei\(dp, \(char*\) &de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != sizeof\(de\)\)) 39.13 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4736     panic\("wdir write"\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4737 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4738 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4739 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4740 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4741 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4742 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4743 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4744 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4745 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4746 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4747 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4748 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4749 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 47) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 15) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4750 // Create the path cp and return its locked inode structure.) 39.13 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4751 // If cp already exists, return 0.) 23.478 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4752 struct inode*) 10.836 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4753 mknod\(char *cp, short type, short major, short minor\)) 34.916 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4754 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4755   struct inode *ip, *dp;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4756   char *last;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4757 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4758   if\(\(dp = namei\(cp, NAMEI_CREATE, 0, &last, 0\)\) == 0\)) 35.518 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4759     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4760 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4761   ip = mknod1\(dp, last, type, major, minor\);) 29.498 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4762 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4763   iput\(dp\);) 9.632 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4764 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4765   return ip;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4766 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4767 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4768 // Create a new inode named name inside dp) 28.294 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4769 // and return its locked inode structure.) 27.692 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4770 // If name already exists, return 0.) 24.682 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4771 struct inode*) 10.836 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4772 mknod1\(struct inode *dp, char *name, short type, short major, short minor\)) 47.558 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4773 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4774   struct inode *ip;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4775 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4776   ip = ialloc\(dp->dev, type\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4777   if\(ip == 0\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4778     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4779   ip->major = major;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4780   ip->minor = minor;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4781   ip->size = 0;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4782   ip->nlink = 1;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4783 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4784   iupdate\(ip\);  // write new inode to disk) 28.294 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4785 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4786   wdir\(dp, name, ip->inum\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4787 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4788   return ip;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4789 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4790 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4791 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4792 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4793 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4794 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4795 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4796 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4797 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4798 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4799 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 47) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 55 55
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 16) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4800 // Unlink the inode named cp.) 20.468 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4801 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4802 unlink\(char *cp\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4803 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4804   struct inode *ip, *dp;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4805   struct dirent de;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4806   uint off, inum, dev;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4807 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4808   dp = namei\(cp, NAMEI_DELETE, &off, 0, 0\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4809   if\(dp == 0\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4810     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4811 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4812   dev = dp->dev;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4813 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4814   if\(readi\(dp, \(char*\)&de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != sizeof\(de\) || de.inum == 0\)) 47.558 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4815     panic\("unlink no entry"\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4816 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4817   inum = de.inum;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4818 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4819   memset\(&de, 0, sizeof\(de\)\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4820   if\(writei\(dp, \(char*\)&de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != sizeof\(de\)\)) 38.528 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4821     panic\("unlink dir write"\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4822 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4823   iupdate\(dp\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4824   iput\(dp\);) 9.632 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4825 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4826   ip = iget\(dev, inum\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4827 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4828   if\(ip->nlink < 1\)) 14.448 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4829     panic\("unlink nlink < 1"\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4830 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4831   ip->nlink--;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4832 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4833   iupdate\(ip\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4834   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4835 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4836   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4837 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4838 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4839 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4840 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4841 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4842 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(4843 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(4844 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(4845 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(4846 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(4847 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4848 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4849 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 48) 4.816 Tj
+Q
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+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 17) 21.672 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4850 // Create the path new as a link to the same inode as old.) 37.926 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4851 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4852 link\(char *name1, char *name2\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4853 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4854   struct inode *ip, *dp;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4855   char *last;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4856 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4857   if\(\(ip = namei\(name1, NAMEI_LOOKUP, 0, 0, 0\)\) == 0\)) 34.916 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4858     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4859   if\(ip->type == T_DIR\){) 17.458 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4860     iput\(ip\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4861     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4862   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4863 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4864   iunlock\(ip\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(4865 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(4866   if\(\(dp = namei\(name2, NAMEI_CREATE, 0, &last, 0\)\) == 0\) {) 38.528 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4867     idecref\(ip\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4868     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4869   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4870   if\(dp->dev != ip->dev\){) 18.06 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4871     idecref\(ip\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4872     iput\(dp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4873     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(4874   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(4875 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4876   ilock\(ip\);) 10.234 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(4877   ip->nlink++;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4878   iupdate\(ip\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(4879 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4880   wdir\(dp, last, ip->inum\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4881   iput\(dp\);) 9.632 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4882   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4883 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4884   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4885 }) 3.612 Tj
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+(4886 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4887 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4888 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4889 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4890 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4892 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4894 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4895 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4896 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4897 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4898 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4899 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 48) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 56 56
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
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+[] 0 d
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/file.c  Page 1) 22.274 Tj
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+(4900 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
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+(4901 #include "stat.h") 13.244 Tj
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+(4902 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
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+(4903 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
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+(4904 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
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+(4905 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
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+(4906 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4907 #include "file.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4908 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4909 #include "dev.h") 12.642 Tj
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+(4910 #include "fs.h") 12.04 Tj
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+(4911 #include "fsvar.h") 13.846 Tj
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+(4912 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4913 struct spinlock file_table_lock;) 22.274 Tj
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+(4914 struct devsw devsw[NDEV];) 18.06 Tj
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+(4915 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
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+(4917 ) 3.01 Tj
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+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4920 {) 3.612 Tj
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+(4921   initlock\(&file_table_lock, "file_table"\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4922 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(4923 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
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+0 -37.9636 Td
+(4926 filealloc\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
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+0 -40.5818 Td
+(4928   int i;) 7.826 Tj
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+(4929 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(4930   acquire\(&file_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4931   for\(i = 0; i < NFILE; i++\){) 20.468 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(4932     if\(file[i].type == FD_CLOSED\){) 23.478 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(4933       file[i].type = FD_NONE;) 20.468 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(4934       file[i].ref = 1;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4935       release\(&file_table_lock\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4936       return file + i;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4937     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4938   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4939   release\(&file_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4940   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(4941 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(4942 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4943 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4949 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
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+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/file.c  Page 2) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(4950 // Write to file f.  Addr is kernel address.) 29.498 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(4951 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(4952 filewrite\(struct file *f, char *addr, int n\)) 29.498 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(4953 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(4954   if\(f->writable == 0\)) 16.254 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(4955     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(4956   if\(f->type == FD_PIPE\){) 18.06 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(4957     return pipe_write\(f->pipe, addr, n\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(4958   } else if\(f->type == FD_FILE\) {) 22.876 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(4959     ilock\(f->ip\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(4960     int r = writei\(f->ip, addr, f->off, n\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(4961     if\(r > 0\) {) 12.04 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(4962       f->off += r;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(4963     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(4964     iunlock\(f->ip\);) 14.448 Tj
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+(4965     return r;) 10.836 Tj
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+(4966   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(4967     panic\("filewrite"\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(4968     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(4969   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(4970 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(4971 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(4972 // Read from file f.  Addr is kernel address.) 30.1 Tj
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+(4976   if\(f->readable == 0\)) 16.254 Tj
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+(4979     return pipe_read\(f->pipe, addr, n\);) 26.488 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
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+0 -44.5091 Td
+(4981     ilock\(f->ip\);) 13.244 Tj
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+(4982     int cc = readi\(f->ip, addr, f->off, n\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
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+(4984       f->off += cc;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(4985     iunlock\(f->ip\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(4986     return cc;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(4987   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(4988     panic\("fileread"\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(4989     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(4990   }) 4.816 Tj
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+(4992 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4994 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(4997 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(4998 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(4999 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 49) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 57 57
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/file.c  Page 3) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5000 // Close file f.  \(Decrement ref count, close when reaches 0.\)) 40.334 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5001 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5002 fileclose\(struct file *f\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5003 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5004   acquire\(&file_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5005 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5006   if\(f->ref < 1 || f->type == FD_CLOSED\)) 27.09 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5007     panic\("fileclose"\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5008 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5009   if\(--f->ref == 0\){) 15.05 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5010     struct file dummy = *f;) 19.264 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5011 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(5012     f->ref = 0;) 12.04 Tj
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+(5013     f->type = FD_CLOSED;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5014     release\(&file_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5015 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5016     if\(dummy.type == FD_PIPE\){) 21.07 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5017       pipe_close\(dummy.pipe, dummy.writable\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5018     } else if\(dummy.type == FD_FILE\){) 25.284 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5019       idecref\(dummy.ip\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5020     } else {) 10.234 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5021       panic\("fileclose"\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5022     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5023   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5024     release\(&file_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5025   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5026 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5027 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5028 // Get metadata about file f.) 20.468 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5029 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5030 filestat\(struct file *f, struct stat *st\)) 27.692 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5031 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5032   if\(f->type == FD_FILE\){) 18.06 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5033     ilock\(f->ip\);) 13.244 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5034     stati\(f->ip, st\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5035     iunlock\(f->ip\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5036     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5037   } else) 7.826 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5038     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5039 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5040 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5041 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5042 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5043 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5044 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5045 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5046 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5047 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5048 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5049 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 50) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
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+0 0 Td
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+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/file.c  Page 4) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5050 // Increment ref count for file f.) 23.478 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5051 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5052 fileincref\(struct file *f\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5053 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5054   acquire\(&file_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5055   if\(f->ref < 1 || f->type == FD_CLOSED\)) 27.09 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5056     panic\("fileincref"\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5057   f->ref++;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5058   release\(&file_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5059 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5060 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5061 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5062 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(5150 // Allocate a file descriptor for the given file.) 32.508 Tj
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+(5186   fd[0] = fd0;) 11.438 Tj
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+(5208     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
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+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5323   int len;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5324   int type, major, minor;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5325 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5326   if\(\(len=argstr\(0, &path\)\) < 0 || argint\(1, &type\) < 0 ||) 37.926 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5327      argint\(2, &major\) < 0 || argint\(3, &minor\) < 0\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5328     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5329 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5330   if\(len >= DIRSIZ\)) 14.448 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5331     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5332 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5333   if\(\(nip = mknod\(path, type, major, minor\)\) == 0\)) 33.11 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5334     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5335   iput\(nip\);) 10.234 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5336   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5337 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5338 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5339 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5340 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5341 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5342 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5343 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5344 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5345 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5346 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5347 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5348 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5349 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 53) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 6) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5350 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5351 sys_mkdir\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5352 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5353   struct inode *nip;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5354   struct inode *dp;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5355   char *path;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5356   struct dirent de;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5357   char *last;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5358 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5359   if\(argstr\(0, &path\) < 0\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5360     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5361 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5362   dp = namei\(path, NAMEI_CREATE, 0, &last, 0\);) 30.702 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5363   if\(dp == 0\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5364     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5365 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5366   nip = mknod1\(dp, last, T_DIR, 0, 0\);) 25.886 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5367   if\(nip == 0\){) 12.04 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5368     iput\(dp\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5369     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5370   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5371 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5372   dp->nlink++;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5373   iupdate\(dp\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5374 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5375   memset\(de.name, '\\0', DIRSIZ\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5376   de.name[0] = '.';) 14.448 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5377   de.inum = nip->inum;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5378   writei\(nip, \(char*\) &de, 0, sizeof\(de\)\);) 28.294 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5379 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5380   de.inum = dp->inum;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5381   de.name[1] = '.';) 14.448 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5382   writei\(nip, \(char*\) &de, sizeof\(de\), sizeof\(de\)\);) 33.712 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5383 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5384   iput\(dp\);) 9.632 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5385   iput\(nip\);) 10.234 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5386 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5387   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5388 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5389 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5390 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5391 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5392 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5393 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5394 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5395 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5396 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5397 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5398 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5399 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 53) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 61 61
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 7) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5400 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5401 sys_chdir\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5402 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5403   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5404   struct inode *ip;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5405   char *path;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5406 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5407   if\(argstr\(0, &path\) < 0\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5408     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5409 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5410   if\(\(ip = namei\(path, NAMEI_LOOKUP, 0, 0, 0\)\) == 0\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5411     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5412 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5413   if\(ip == p->cwd\) {) 15.05 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5414     iput\(ip\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5415     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5416   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5417 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5418   if\(ip->type != T_DIR\) {) 18.06 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5419     iput\(ip\);) 10.836 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5420     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5421   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5422 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5423   idecref\(p->cwd\);) 13.846 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5424   p->cwd = ip;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5425   iunlock\(p->cwd\);) 13.846 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5426   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5427 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5428 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5429 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5430 sys_unlink\(void\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5431 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5432   char *path;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5433 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5434   if\(argstr\(0, &path\) < 0\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5435     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5436   return unlink\(path\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5437 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5438 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5439 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5440 sys_fstat\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5441 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5442   struct file *f;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5443   struct stat *st;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5444 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5445   if\(argfd\(0, 0, &f\) < 0 || argptr\(1, \(void*\)&st, sizeof *st\) < 0\)) 42.742 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5446     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5447   return filestat\(f, st\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5448 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5449 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 54) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 8) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5450 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5451 sys_dup\(void\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5452 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5453   struct file *f;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5454   int fd;) 8.428 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5455 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5456   if\(argfd\(0, 0, &f\) < 0\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5457     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5458   if\(\(fd=fdalloc\(f\)\) < 0\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5459     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5460   fileincref\(f\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5461   return fd;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5462 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5463 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5464 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5465 sys_link\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5466 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5467   char *old, *new;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5468 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5469   if\(argstr\(0, &old\) < 0 || argstr\(1, &new\) < 0\)) 31.906 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5470     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5471   return link\(old, new\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5472 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5473 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5474 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5475 sys_exec\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5476 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5477   struct proc *cp = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 24.08 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5478   uint sz=0, ap, sp, p1, p2;) 19.866 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5479   int i, nargs, argbytes, len;) 21.07 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5480   struct inode *ip;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5481   struct elfhdr elf;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5482   struct proghdr ph;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5483   char *mem = 0;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5484   char *path, *s;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5485   uint argv;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5486 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5487   if\(argstr\(0, &path\) < 0 || argint\(1, \(int*\)&argv\) < 0\)) 36.722 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5488     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5489 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5490   ip = namei\(path, NAMEI_LOOKUP, 0, 0, 0\);) 28.294 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5491   if\(ip == 0\)) 10.836 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5492     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5493 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5494   if\(readi\(ip, \(char*\)&elf, 0, sizeof\(elf\)\) < sizeof\(elf\)\)) 37.926 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5495     goto bad;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5496 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5497   if\(elf.magic != ELF_MAGIC\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5498     goto bad;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5499 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 54) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 62 62
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 9) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5500   sz = 0;) 8.428 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5501   for\(i = 0; i < elf.phnum; i++\){) 22.876 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5502     if\(readi\(ip, \(char*\)&ph, elf.phoff + i * sizeof\(ph\),) 36.722 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5503              sizeof\(ph\)\) != sizeof\(ph\)\)) 26.488 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5504       goto bad;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5505     if\(ph.type != ELF_PROG_LOAD\)) 22.274 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5506       continue;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5507     if\(ph.memsz < ph.filesz\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5508       goto bad;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5509     sz += ph.memsz;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5510   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5511 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5512   sz += 4096 - \(sz % 4096\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5513   sz += 4096;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5514 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5515   mem = kalloc\(sz\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5516   if\(mem == 0\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5517     goto bad;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5518   memset\(mem, 0, sz\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5519 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5520   nargs = 0;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5521   argbytes = 0;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5522   for\(i = 0;; i++\){) 14.448 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5523     if\(fetchint\(cp, argv + 4*i, \(int*\)&ap\) < 0\)) 31.304 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5524       goto bad;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5525     if\(ap == 0\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5526       break;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5527     len = fetchstr\(cp, ap, &s\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5528     if\(len < 0\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5529       goto bad;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5530     nargs++;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5531     argbytes += len + 1;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5532   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5533 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5534   // argn\\0) 9.632 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5535   // ...) 7.826 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5536   // arg0\\0) 9.632 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5537   // 0) 6.622 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5538   // ptr to argn) 12.642 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5539   // ...) 7.826 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5540   // 12: ptr to arg0) 15.05 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5541   //  8: argv \(points to ptr to arg0\)) 25.284 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5542   //  4: argc) 10.836 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5543   //  0: fake return pc) 16.856 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5544   sp = sz - argbytes - \(nargs+1\)*4 - 4 - 4 - 4;) 31.304 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5545   *\(uint*\)\(mem + sp\) = 0xffffffff;) 23.478 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5546   *\(uint*\)\(mem + sp + 4\) = nargs;) 22.876 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5547   *\(uint*\)\(mem + sp + 8\) = \(uint\)\(sp + 12\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5548 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5549 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 55) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 10) 24.682 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5550   p1 = sp + 12;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5551   p2 = sp + 12 + \(nargs + 1\) * 4;) 22.876 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5552   for\(i = 0; i < nargs; i++\){) 20.468 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5553     fetchint\(cp, argv + 4*i, \(int*\)&ap\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5554     len = fetchstr\(cp, ap, &s\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5555     memmove\(mem + p2, s, len + 1\);) 23.478 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5556     *\(uint*\)\(mem + p1\) = p2;) 19.866 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5557     p1 += 4;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5558     p2 += len + 1;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5559   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5560   *\(uint*\)\(mem + p1\) = 0;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5561 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5562   // commit to the new image.) 20.468 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5563   kfree\(cp->mem, cp->sz\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5564   cp->sz = sz;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5565   cp->mem = mem;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5566   mem = 0;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5567 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5568   for\(i = 0; i < elf.phnum; i++\){) 22.876 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5569     if\(readi\(ip, \(char*\)&ph, elf.phoff + i * sizeof\(ph\),) 36.722 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5570              sizeof\(ph\)\) != sizeof\(ph\)\)) 26.488 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5571       goto bad2;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5572     if\(ph.type != ELF_PROG_LOAD\)) 22.274 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5573       continue;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5574     if\(ph.va + ph.memsz > sz\)) 20.468 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5575       goto bad2;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5576     if\(readi\(ip, cp->mem + ph.va, ph.offset, ph.filesz\) != ph.filesz\)) 44.548 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5577       goto bad2;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5578     memset\(cp->mem + ph.va + ph.filesz, 0, ph.memsz - ph.filesz\);) 42.14 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5579   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5580 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5581   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5582 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5583   cp->tf->eip = elf.entry;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5584   cp->tf->esp = sp;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5585   setupsegs\(cp\);) 12.642 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5586 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5587   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5588 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5589  bad:) 6.02 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5590   if\(mem\)) 8.428 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5591     kfree\(mem, sz\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5592   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5593   return -1;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5594 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5595  bad2:) 6.622 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5596   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5597   proc_exit\(\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5598   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5599 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 55) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 63 63
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/pipe.c  Page 1) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5600 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5601 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5602 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5603 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5604 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5605 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5606 #include "file.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5607 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5608 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5609 #define PIPESIZE 512) 15.05 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5610 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5611 struct pipe {) 10.836 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5612   int readopen; // read fd is still open) 27.09 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5613   int writeopen; // write fd is still open) 28.294 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5614   int writep; // next index to write) 24.682 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5615   int readp;  // next index to read) 24.08 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5616   struct spinlock lock;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5617   char data[PIPESIZE];) 16.254 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5618 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5619 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5620 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5621 pipe_alloc\(struct file **f0, struct file **f1\)) 30.702 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5622 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5623   *f0 = *f1 = 0;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5624   struct pipe *p = 0;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5625 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5626   if\(\(*f0 = filealloc\(\)\) == 0\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5627     goto oops;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5628   if\(\(*f1 = filealloc\(\)\) == 0\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5629     goto oops;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5630   if\(\(p = \(struct pipe*\) kalloc\(PAGE\)\) == 0\)) 29.498 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5631     goto oops;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5632   p->readopen = 1;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5633   p->writeopen = 1;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5634   p->writep = 0;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5635   p->readp = 0;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5636   initlock\(&p->lock, "pipe"\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5637   \(*f0\)->type = FD_PIPE;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5638   \(*f0\)->readable = 1;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5639   \(*f0\)->writable = 0;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5640   \(*f0\)->pipe = p;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5641   \(*f1\)->type = FD_PIPE;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5642   \(*f1\)->readable = 0;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5643   \(*f1\)->writable = 1;) 16.254 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5644   \(*f1\)->pipe = p;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5645   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5646  oops:) 6.622 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5647   if\(p\)) 7.224 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5648     kfree\(\(char*\) p, PAGE\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5649   if\(*f0\){) 9.03 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 56) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/pipe.c  Page 2) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5650     \(*f0\)->type = FD_NONE;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5651     fileclose\(*f0\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5652   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5653   if\(*f1\){) 9.03 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5654     \(*f1\)->type = FD_NONE;) 18.662 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5655     fileclose\(*f1\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5656   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5657   return -1;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5658 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5659 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5660 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5661 pipe_close\(struct pipe *p, int writable\)) 27.09 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5662 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5663   acquire\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5664 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5665   if\(writable\){) 12.04 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5666     p->writeopen = 0;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5667     wakeup\(&p->readp\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5668   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5669     p->readopen = 0;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5670     wakeup\(&p->writep\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5671   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5672 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5673   release\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5674 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5675   if\(p->readopen == 0 && p->writeopen == 0\)) 28.896 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5676     kfree\(\(char*\) p, PAGE\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5677 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5678 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5679 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5680 pipe_write\(struct pipe *p, char *addr, int n\)) 30.1 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5681 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5682   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5683 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5684   acquire\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5685 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5686   for\(i = 0; i < n; i++\){) 18.06 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5687     while\(\(\(p->writep + 1\) % PIPESIZE\) == p->readp\){) 34.314 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5688       if\(p->readopen == 0\){) 19.264 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5689         release\(&p->lock\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5690         return -1;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5691       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5692       wakeup\(&p->readp\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5693       sleep\(&p->writep, &p->lock\);) 23.478 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5694     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5695     p->data[p->writep] = addr[i];) 22.876 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5696     p->writep = \(p->writep + 1\) % PIPESIZE;) 28.896 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5697   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5698 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5699 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 56) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 64 64
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/pipe.c  Page 3) 22.274 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5700   release\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5701   wakeup\(&p->readp\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5702   return i;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5703 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5704 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5705 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5706 pipe_read\(struct pipe *p, char *addr, int n\)) 29.498 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5707 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5708   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5709 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5710   acquire\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5711 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5712   while\(p->readp == p->writep\){) 21.672 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5713     if\(p->writeopen == 0\){) 18.662 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5714       release\(&p->lock\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5715       return 0;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5716     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5717     sleep\(&p->readp, &p->lock\);) 21.672 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5718   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5719 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5720   for\(i = 0; i < n; i++\){) 18.06 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5721     if\(p->readp == p->writep\)) 20.468 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5722       break;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5723     addr[i] = p->data[p->readp];) 22.274 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5724     p->readp = \(p->readp + 1\) % PIPESIZE;) 27.692 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5725   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5726 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5727   release\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5728   wakeup\(&p->writep\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5729   return i;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5730 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5731 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5732 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5733 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5734 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5735 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5736 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5737 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5738 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5739 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5740 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5741 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5742 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5743 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5744 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5745 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5746 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5747 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5748 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5749 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 57) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/string.c  Page 1) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5750 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5751 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5752 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5753 void*) 6.02 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5754 memset\(void *dst, int c, uint n\)) 22.274 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5755 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5756   char *d = \(char*\) dst;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5757 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5758   while\(n-- > 0\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5759     *d++ = c;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5760 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5761   return dst;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5762 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5763 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5764 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5765 memcmp\(const void *v1, const void *v2, uint n\)) 30.702 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5766 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5767   const uchar *s1 = \(const uchar*\) v1;) 25.886 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5768   const uchar *s2 = \(const uchar*\) v2;) 25.886 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5769 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5770   while\(n-- > 0\) {) 13.846 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5771     if\(*s1 != *s2\)) 13.846 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5772       return \(int\) *s1 - \(int\) *s2;) 24.08 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5773     s1++, s2++;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5774   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5775 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5776   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5777 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5778 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5779 void*) 6.02 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5780 memmove\(void *dst, const void *src, uint n\)) 28.896 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5781 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5782   const char *s;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5783   char *d;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5784 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5785   s = src;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5786   d = dst;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5787   if\(s < d && s + n > d\) {) 18.662 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5788     s += n;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5789     d += n;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5790     while\(n-- > 0\)) 13.846 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5791       *--d = *--s;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5792   } else) 7.826 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5793     while\(n-- > 0\)) 13.846 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5794       *d++ = *s++;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5795 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5796   return dst;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5797 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5798 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5799 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 57) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 65 65
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/string.c  Page 2) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5800 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5801 strncmp\(const char *p, const char *q, uint n\)) 30.1 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5802 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5803   while\(n > 0 && *p && *p == *q\)) 22.274 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5804     n--, p++, q++;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5805   if\(n == 0\)) 10.234 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5806     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5807   else) 6.622 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5808     return \(int\) \(\(uchar\) *p - \(uchar\) *q\);) 28.896 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5809 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5810 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5811 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5812 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5813 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5814 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5815 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5816 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5817 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5818 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5819 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5820 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5821 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5822 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5823 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5824 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5825 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5826 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5827 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5828 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5829 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5830 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5831 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5832 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5833 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5834 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5835 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5836 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5837 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5838 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5839 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5840 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5841 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5842 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5843 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5844 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5845 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5846 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5847 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5848 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5849 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 58) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ioapic.h  Page 1) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5850 #define IO_APIC_BASE   0xFEC00000   // Default phys addr of IO APIC) 43.344 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5851 #define IOAPIC_WINDOW        0x10   // Window register offset) 39.732 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5852 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5853 // Constants relating to APIC ID registers) 28.294 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5854 #define APIC_ID_MASK            0xff000000) 28.294 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5855 #define APIC_ID_SHIFT           24) 23.478 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5856 #define APIC_ID_CLUSTER         0xf0) 24.682 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5857 #define APIC_ID_CLUSTER_ID      0x0f) 24.682 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5858 #define APIC_MAX_CLUSTER        0xe) 24.08 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5859 #define APIC_MAX_INTRACLUSTER_ID 3) 23.478 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5860 #define APIC_ID_CLUSTER_SHIFT   4) 22.876 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5861 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5862 // Fields in VER) 12.642 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5863 #define APIC_VER_VERSION        0x000000ff) 28.294 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5864 #define APIC_VER_MAXLVT         0x00ff0000) 28.294 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5865 #define MAXLVTSHIFT             16) 23.478 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5866 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5867 // Indexes into IO APIC) 16.856 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5868 #define IOAPIC_ID               0x00) 24.682 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5869 #define IOAPIC_VER              0x01) 24.682 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5870 #define IOAPIC_ARB              0x02) 24.682 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5871 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL           0x10) 24.682 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5872 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL0          IOAPIC_REDTBL) 30.1 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5873 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL1          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x02\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5874 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL2          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x04\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5875 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL3          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x06\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5876 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL4          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x08\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5877 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL5          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x0a\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5878 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL6          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x0c\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5879 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL7          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x0e\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5880 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL8          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x10\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5881 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL9          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x12\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5882 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL10         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x14\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5883 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL11         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x16\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5884 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL12         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x18\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5885 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL13         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x1a\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5886 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL14         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x1c\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5887 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL15         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x1e\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5888 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL16         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x20\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5889 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL17         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x22\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5890 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL18         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x24\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5891 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL19         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x26\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5892 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL20         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x28\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5893 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL21         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x2a\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5894 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL22         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x2c\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5895 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL23         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x2e\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5896 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5897 // Fields in the IO APIC's redirection table entries) 34.314 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5898 #define IOART_DEST      APIC_ID_MASK    // broadcast addr: all APICs) 43.946 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5899 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 58) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 66 66
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ioapic.h  Page 2) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5900 #define IOART_RESV      0x00fe0000      // reserved) 33.712 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5901 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5902 #define IOART_INTMASK   0x00010000      // R/W: INTerrupt mask) 40.334 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5903 #define IOART_INTMCLR   0x00000000      //       clear, allow INTs) 42.742 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5904 #define IOART_INTMSET   0x00010000      //       set, inhibit INTs) 42.742 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5905 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5906 #define IOART_TRGRMOD   0x00008000      // R/W: trigger mode) 39.13 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5907 #define IOART_TRGREDG   0x00000000      //       edge) 34.916 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5908 #define IOART_TRGRLVL   0x00008000      //       level) 35.518 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5909 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5910 #define IOART_REM_IRR   0x00004000      // RO: remote IRR) 37.324 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5911 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5912 #define IOART_INTPOL    0x00002000      // R/W: INT input pin polarity) 45.15 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5913 #define IOART_INTAHI    0x00000000      //      active high) 38.528 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5914 #define IOART_INTALO    0x00002000      //      active low) 37.926 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5915 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5916 #define IOART_DELIVS    0x00001000      // RO: delivery status) 40.334 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5917 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5918 #define IOART_DESTMOD   0x00000800      // R/W: destination mode) 41.538 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5919 #define IOART_DESTPHY   0x00000000      //      physical) 36.722 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5920 #define IOART_DESTLOG   0x00000800      //      logical) 36.12 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5921 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5922 #define IOART_DELMOD    0x00000700      // R/W: delivery mode) 39.732 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5923 #define IOART_DELFIXED  0x00000000      //       fixed) 35.518 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5924 #define IOART_DELLOPRI  0x00000100      //       lowest priority) 41.538 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5925 #define IOART_DELSMI    0x00000200      //       System Management INT) 45.15 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5926 #define IOART_DELRSV1   0x00000300      //       reserved) 37.324 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5927 #define IOART_DELNMI    0x00000400      //       NMI signal) 38.528 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5928 #define IOART_DELINIT   0x00000500      //       INIT signal) 39.13 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5929 #define IOART_DELRSV2   0x00000600      //       reserved) 37.324 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5930 #define IOART_DELEXINT  0x00000700      //       External INTerrupt) 43.344 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5931 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5932 #define IOART_INTVEC    0x000000ff      // R/W: INTerrupt vector field) 45.15 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5933 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5934 // Fields in VER) 12.642 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5935 #define IOART_VER_VERSION       0x000000ff) 28.294 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5936 #define IOART_VER_MAXREDIR      0x00ff0000) 28.294 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5937 #define MAXREDIRSHIFT           16) 23.478 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5938 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5939 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5940 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5941 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5942 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5943 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5944 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5945 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5946 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5947 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5948 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5949 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 59) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/lapic.c  Page 1) 22.876 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(5950 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(5951 #include "mp.h") 12.04 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(5952 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(5953 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(5954 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(5955 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(5956 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(5957 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(5958 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(5959 enum {  // Local APIC registers) 21.672 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(5960   LAPIC_ID  = 0x0020,   // ID) 20.468 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(5961   LAPIC_VER = 0x0030,   // Version) 23.478 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(5962   LAPIC_TPR = 0x0080,   // Task Priority) 27.09 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(5963   LAPIC_APR = 0x0090,   // Arbitration Priority) 31.304 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(5964   LAPIC_PPR = 0x00A0,   // Processor Priority) 30.1 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(5965   LAPIC_EOI = 0x00B0,   // EOI) 21.07 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(5966   LAPIC_LDR = 0x00D0,   // Logical Destination) 30.702 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(5967   LAPIC_DFR = 0x00E0,   // Destination Format) 30.1 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(5968   LAPIC_SVR = 0x00F0,   // Spurious Interrupt Vector) 34.314 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(5969   LAPIC_ISR = 0x0100,   // Interrupt Status \(8 registers\)) 37.324 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(5970   LAPIC_TMR = 0x0180,   // Trigger Mode \(8 registers\)) 34.916 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(5971   LAPIC_IRR = 0x0200,   // Interrupt Request \(8 registers\)) 37.926 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(5972   LAPIC_ESR = 0x0280,   // Error Status) 26.488 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(5973   LAPIC_ICRLO = 0x0300, // Interrupt Command) 29.498 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(5974   LAPIC_ICRHI = 0x0310, // Interrupt Command [63:32]) 34.314 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(5975   LAPIC_TIMER = 0x0320, // Local Vector Table 0 \(TIMER\)) 36.12 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(5976   LAPIC_PCINT = 0x0340, // Performance Counter LVT) 33.11 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(5977   LAPIC_LINT0 = 0x0350, // Local Vector Table 1 \(LINT0\)) 36.12 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(5978   LAPIC_LINT1 = 0x0360, // Local Vector Table 2 \(LINT1\)) 36.12 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(5979   LAPIC_ERROR = 0x0370, // Local Vector Table 3 \(ERROR\)) 36.12 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(5980   LAPIC_TICR = 0x0380,  // Timer Initial Count) 30.702 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(5981   LAPIC_TCCR = 0x0390,  // Timer Current Count) 30.702 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(5982   LAPIC_TDCR = 0x03E0,  // Timer Divide Configuration) 34.916 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(5983 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(5984 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(5985 enum {  // LAPIC_SVR) 15.05 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(5986   LAPIC_ENABLE  = 0x00000100,   // Unit Enable) 30.702 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(5987   LAPIC_FOCUS   = 0x00000200,   // Focus Processor Checking Disable) 43.344 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(5988 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(5989 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(5990 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(5991 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(5992 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(5993 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(5994 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(5995 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(5996 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(5997 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(5998 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(5999 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 59) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 67 67
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/lapic.c  Page 2) 22.876 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6000 enum {  // LAPIC_ICRLO) 16.254 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6001   // [14] IPI Trigger Mode Level \(RW\)) 25.284 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6002   LAPIC_DEASSERT = 0x00000000,  // Deassert level-sensitive interrupt) 44.548 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6003   LAPIC_ASSERT  = 0x00004000,   // Assert level-sensitive interrupt) 43.344 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6004 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6005   // [17:16] Remote Read Status) 21.672 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6006   LAPIC_INVALID = 0x00000000,   // Invalid) 28.294 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6007   LAPIC_WAIT    = 0x00010000,   // In-Progress) 30.702 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6008   LAPIC_VALID   = 0x00020000,   // Valid) 27.09 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6009 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6010   // [19:18] Destination Shorthand) 23.478 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6011   LAPIC_FIELD   = 0x00000000,   // No shorthand) 31.304 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6012   LAPIC_SELF    = 0x00040000,   // Self is single destination) 39.732 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6013   LAPIC_ALLINC  = 0x00080000,   // All including self) 34.916 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6014   LAPIC_ALLEXC  = 0x000C0000,   // All Excluding self) 34.916 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6015 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6016 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6017 enum {  // LAPIC_ESR) 15.05 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6018   LAPIC_SENDCS  = 0x00000001,     // Send CS Error) 33.11 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6019   LAPIC_RCVCS   = 0x00000002,     // Receive CS Error) 34.916 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6020   LAPIC_SENDACCEPT = 0x00000004,  // Send Accept Error) 35.518 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6021   LAPIC_RCVACCEPT = 0x00000008,   // Receive Accept Error) 37.324 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6022   LAPIC_SENDVECTOR = 0x00000020,  // Send Illegal Vector) 36.722 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6023   LAPIC_RCVVECTOR = 0x00000040,   // Receive Illegal Vector) 38.528 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6024   LAPIC_REGISTER = 0x00000080,    // Illegal Register Address) 39.732 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6025 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6026 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6027 enum {  // LAPIC_TIMER) 16.254 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6028   // [17] Timer Mode \(RW\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6029   LAPIC_ONESHOT = 0x00000000,   // One-shot) 28.896 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6030   LAPIC_PERIODIC = 0x00020000,  // Periodic) 28.896 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6031 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6032   // [19:18] Timer Base \(RW\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6033   LAPIC_CLKIN   = 0x00000000,   // use CLKIN as input) 34.916 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6034   LAPIC_TMBASE  = 0x00040000,   // use TMBASE) 30.1 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6035   LAPIC_DIVIDER = 0x00080000,   // use output of the divider) 39.13 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6036 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6037 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6038 enum {  // LAPIC_TDCR) 15.652 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6039   LAPIC_X2 = 0x00000000,        // divide by 2) 30.702 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6040   LAPIC_X4 = 0x00000001,        // divide by 4) 30.702 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6041   LAPIC_X8 = 0x00000002,        // divide by 8) 30.702 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6042   LAPIC_X16 = 0x00000003,       // divide by 16) 31.304 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6043   LAPIC_X32 = 0x00000008,       // divide by 32) 31.304 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6044   LAPIC_X64 = 0x00000009,       // divide by 64) 31.304 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6045   LAPIC_X128 = 0x0000000A,      // divide by 128) 31.906 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6046   LAPIC_X1 = 0x0000000B,        // divide by 1) 30.702 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6047 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6048 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6049 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 60) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/lapic.c  Page 3) 22.876 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6050 uint *lapicaddr;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6051 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6052 static int) 9.03 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6053 lapic_read\(int r\)) 13.244 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6054 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6055   return *\(lapicaddr+\(r/sizeof\(*lapicaddr\)\)\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6056 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6057 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6058 static void) 9.632 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6059 lapic_write\(int r, int data\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6060 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6061   *\(lapicaddr+\(r/sizeof\(*lapicaddr\)\)\) = data;) 30.1 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6062 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6063 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6064 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6065 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6066 lapic_timerinit\(void\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6067 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6068   if\(!lapicaddr\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6069     return;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6070 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6071   lapic_write\(LAPIC_TDCR, LAPIC_X1\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6072   lapic_write\(LAPIC_TIMER, LAPIC_CLKIN | LAPIC_PERIODIC |) 37.324 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6073 ) 3.01 Tj
+8.42796 -34.0364 Td
+(\(IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_TIMER\)\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6074   lapic_write\(LAPIC_TCCR, 10000000\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6075   lapic_write\(LAPIC_TICR, 10000000\);) 24.682 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6076 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6077 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6078 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6079 lapic_timerintr\(void\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6080 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6081   if\(lapicaddr\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6082     lapic_write\(LAPIC_EOI, 0\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6083 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6084 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6085 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6086 lapic_init\(int c\)) 13.244 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6087 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6088   uint r, lvt;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6089 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6090   if\(!lapicaddr\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6091     return;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6092 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6093   lapic_write\(LAPIC_DFR, 0xFFFFFFFF\);    // Set dst format register) 43.344 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6094   r = \(lapic_read\(LAPIC_ID\)>>24\) & 0xFF; // Read APIC ID) 36.722 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6095   lapic_write\(LAPIC_LDR, \(1<<r\)<<24\);    // Set logical dst register to r) 46.956 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6096   lapic_write\(LAPIC_TPR, 0xFF\);          // No interrupts for now) 42.14 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6097 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6098   // Enable APIC) 12.642 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6099   lapic_write\(LAPIC_SVR, LAPIC_ENABLE|\(IRQ_OFFSET+IRQ_SPURIOUS\)\);) 42.14 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 60) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 68 68
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/lapic.c  Page 4) 22.876 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6100   // In virtual wire mode, set up the LINT0 and LINT1 as follows:) 42.14 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6101   lapic_write\(LAPIC_LINT0, APIC_IMASK | APIC_EXTINT\);) 34.916 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6102   lapic_write\(LAPIC_LINT1, APIC_IMASK | APIC_NMI\);) 33.11 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6103 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6104   lapic_write\(LAPIC_EOI, 0\); // Ack any outstanding interrupts.) 40.936 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6105 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6106   lvt = \(lapic_read\(LAPIC_VER\)>>16\) & 0xFF;) 28.896 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6107   if\(lvt >= 4\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6108     lapic_write\(LAPIC_PCINT, APIC_IMASK\);) 27.692 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6109   lapic_write\(LAPIC_ERROR, IRQ_OFFSET+IRQ_ERROR\);) 32.508 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6110   lapic_write\(LAPIC_ESR, 0\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6111   lapic_read\(LAPIC_ESR\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6112 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6113   // Issue an INIT Level De-Assert to synchronise arbitration ID's.) 43.344 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6114   lapic_write\(LAPIC_ICRHI, 0\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6115   lapic_write\(LAPIC_ICRLO, LAPIC_ALLINC|APIC_LEVEL|) 33.712 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6116                            LAPIC_DEASSERT|APIC_INIT\);) 34.916 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6117   while\(lapic_read\(LAPIC_ICRLO\) & APIC_DELIVS\)) 30.702 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6118     ;) 6.02 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6119 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6120 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6121 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6122 lapic_enableintr\(void\)) 16.254 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6123 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6124   if\(lapicaddr\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6125     lapic_write\(LAPIC_TPR, 0\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6126 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6127 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6128 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6129 lapic_disableintr\(void\)) 16.856 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6130 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6131   if\(lapicaddr\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6132     lapic_write\(LAPIC_TPR, 0xFF\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6133 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6134 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6135 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6136 lapic_eoi\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6137 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6138   if\(lapicaddr\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6139     lapic_write\(LAPIC_EOI, 0\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6140 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6141 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6142 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6143 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6144 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6145 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6146 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6147 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6148 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6149 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 61) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/lapic.c  Page 5) 22.876 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6150 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6151 cpu\(void\)) 8.428 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6152 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6153   int x;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6154   if\(lapicaddr\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6155     x = \(lapic_read\(LAPIC_ID\)>>24\) & 0xFF;) 28.294 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6156   else) 6.622 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6157     x = 0;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6158   return x;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6159 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6160 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6161 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6162 lapic_startap\(uchar apicid, int v\)) 23.478 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6163 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6164   int crhi, i;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6165   volatile int j = 0;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6166 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6167   crhi = apicid<<24;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6168   lapic_write\(LAPIC_ICRHI, crhi\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6169   lapic_write\(LAPIC_ICRLO, LAPIC_FIELD|APIC_LEVEL|) 33.11 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6170                            LAPIC_ASSERT|APIC_INIT\);) 33.712 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6171 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6172   while\(j++ < 10000\) {;}) 17.458 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6173   lapic_write\(LAPIC_ICRLO, LAPIC_FIELD|APIC_LEVEL|) 33.11 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6174                            LAPIC_DEASSERT|APIC_INIT\);) 34.916 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6175 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6176   while\(j++ < 1000000\) {;}) 18.662 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6177 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6178   // in p9 code, this was i < 2, which is what the spec says on page B-3) 46.354 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6179   for\(i = 0; i < 1; i++\){) 18.06 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6180     lapic_write\(LAPIC_ICRHI, crhi\);) 24.08 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6181     lapic_write\(LAPIC_ICRLO, LAPIC_FIELD|APIC_EDGE|APIC_STARTUP|\(v/4096\)\);) 47.558 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6182     while\(j++ < 100000\) {;}) 19.264 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6183   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6184 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6185 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6186 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6187 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6188 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6189 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6190 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6191 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6192 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6193 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6194 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6195 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6196 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6197 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6198 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6199 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 61) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 69 69
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ioapic.c  Page 1) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6200 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6201 #include "mp.h") 12.04 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6202 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6203 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6204 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6205 #include "ioapic.h") 14.448 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6206 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6207 struct ioapic {) 12.04 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6208   uint ioregsel;  uint p01; uint p02; uint p03;) 31.304 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6209   uint iowin;     uint p11; uint p12; uint p13;) 31.304 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6210 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6211 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6212 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6213 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL_LO\(i\)  \(IOAPIC_REDTBL + \(i\) * 2\)) 35.518 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6214 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL_HI\(i\)  \(IOAPIC_REDTBL_LO\(i\) + 1\)) 35.518 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6215 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6216 static uint) 9.632 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6217 ioapic_read\(struct ioapic *io, int reg\)) 26.488 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6218 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6219   io->ioregsel = reg;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6220   return io->iowin;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6221 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6222 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6223 static void) 9.632 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6224 ioapic_write\(struct ioapic *io, int reg, uint val\)) 33.11 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6225 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6226   io->ioregsel = reg;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6227   io->iowin = val;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6228 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6229 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6230 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6231 ioapic_init\(void\)) 13.244 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6232 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6233   struct ioapic *io;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6234   uint l, h;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6235   int nintr;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6236   uchar id;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6237   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6238 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6239   if\(!ismp\)) 9.632 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6240     return;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6241 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6242   io = \(struct ioapic*\) IO_APIC_BASE;) 25.284 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6243   l = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_VER\);) 23.478 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6244   nintr =  \(\(l & IOART_VER_MAXREDIR\) >> MAXREDIRSHIFT\) + 1;) 38.528 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6245   id = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_ID\) >> APIC_ID_SHIFT;) 33.712 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6246   if\(id != ioapic_id\)) 15.652 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6247     cprintf\("ioapic_init: id isn't equal to ioapic_id; not a MP\\n"\);) 43.946 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6248   for\(i = 0; i < nintr; i++\) {) 21.07 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6249     // active-hi and edge-triggered for ISA interrupts) 35.518 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 62) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ioapic.c  Page 2) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6250     // Assume that pin 0 on the first I/O APIC is an ExtINT pin.) 41.538 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6251     // Assume that pins 1-15 are ISA interrupts) 31.304 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6252     l = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_LO\(i\)\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6253     l = l & ~IOART_INTMASK;  // allow INTs) 28.294 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6254     l |= IOART_INTMSET;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6255     l = l & ~IOART_INTPOL;   // active hi) 27.692 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6256     l = l & ~IOART_TRGRMOD;  // edgee triggered) 31.304 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6257     l = l & ~IOART_DELMOD;   // fixed) 25.284 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6258     l = l & ~IOART_DESTMOD;  // physical mode) 30.1 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6259     l = l | \(IRQ_OFFSET + i\); // vector) 26.488 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6260     ioapic_write\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_LO\(i\), l\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6261     h = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_HI\(i\)\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6262     h &= ~IOART_DEST;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6263     ioapic_write\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_HI\(i\), h\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6264   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6265 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6266 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6267 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6268 ioapic_enable \(int irq, int cpunum\)) 24.08 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6269 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6270   uint l, h;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6271   struct ioapic *io;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6272 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6273   if\(!ismp\)) 9.632 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6274     return;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6275 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6276   io = \(struct ioapic*\) IO_APIC_BASE;) 25.284 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6277   l = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_LO\(irq\)\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6278   l = l & ~IOART_INTMASK;  // allow INTs) 27.09 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6279   ioapic_write\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_LO\(irq\), l\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6280   h = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_HI\(irq\)\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6281   h &= ~IOART_DEST;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6282   h |= \(cpunum << APIC_ID_SHIFT\);) 22.876 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6283   ioapic_write\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_HI\(irq\), h\);) 30.1 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6284 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6285 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6286 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6287 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6288 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6289 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6290 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6291 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6292 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6293 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6294 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6295 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6296 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6297 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6298 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6299 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 62) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 70 70
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/picirq.c  Page 1) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6300 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6301 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6302 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6303 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6304 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6305 // I/O Addresses of the two 8259A programmable interrupt controllers) 43.946 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6306 #define IO_PIC1         0x20    // Master \(IRQs 0-7\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6307 #define IO_PIC2         0xA0    // Slave \(IRQs 8-15\)) 34.314 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6308 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6309 #define IRQ_SLAVE       2       // IRQ at which slave connects to master) 46.354 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6310 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6311 // Current IRQ mask.) 15.05 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6312 // Initial IRQ mask has interrupt 2 enabled \(for slave 8259A\).) 40.334 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6313 static ushort irq_mask_8259A = 0xFFFF & ~\(1<<IRQ_SLAVE\);) 36.722 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6314 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6315 static void) 9.632 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6316 irq_setmask_8259A\(ushort mask\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6317 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6318   irq_mask_8259A = mask;) 17.458 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6319 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6320   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, \(char\)mask\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6321   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, \(char\)\(mask >> 8\)\);) 25.284 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6322 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6323 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6324 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6325 irq_enable\(int irq\)) 14.448 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6326 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6327   irq_setmask_8259A\(irq_mask_8259A & ~\(1<<irq\)\);) 31.906 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6328 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6329 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6330 // Initialize the 8259A interrupt controllers.) 30.702 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6331 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6332 pic_init\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6333 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6334   // mask all interrupts) 17.458 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6335   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, 0xFF\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6336   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, 0xFF\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6337 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6338   // Set up master \(8259A-1\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6339 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6340   // ICW1:  0001g0hi) 15.05 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6341   //    g:  0 = edge triggering, 1 = level triggering) 34.916 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6342   //    h:  0 = cascaded PICs, 1 = master only) 30.702 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6343   //    i:  0 = no ICW4, 1 = ICW4 required) 28.294 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6344   outb\(IO_PIC1, 0x11\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6345 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6346   // ICW2:  Vector offset) 18.06 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6347   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, IRQ_OFFSET\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6348 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6349 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 63) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/picirq.c  Page 2) 23.478 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6350   // ICW3:  \(master PIC\) bit mask of IR lines connected to slaves) 42.14 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6351   //        \(slave PIC\) 3-bit # of slave's connection to master) 40.936 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6352   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, 1<<IRQ_SLAVE\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6353 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6354   // ICW4:  000nbmap) 15.05 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6355   //    n:  1 = special fully nested mode) 27.692 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6356   //    b:  1 = buffered mode) 20.468 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6357   //    m:  0 = slave PIC, 1 = master PIC) 27.692 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6358   //      \(ignored when b is 0, as the master/slave role) 36.722 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6359   //      can be hardwired\).) 19.866 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6360   //    a:  1 = Automatic EOI mode) 23.478 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6361   //    p:  0 = MCS-80/85 mode, 1 = intel x86 mode) 33.11 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6362   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, 0x3\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6363 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6364   // Set up slave \(8259A-2\)) 19.264 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6365   outb\(IO_PIC2, 0x11\);                  // ICW1) 31.304 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6366   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, IRQ_OFFSET + 8\);      // ICW2) 31.304 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6367   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, IRQ_SLAVE\);           // ICW3) 31.304 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6368   // NB Automatic EOI mode doesn't tend to work on the slave.) 39.732 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6369   // Linux source code says it's "to be investigated".) 35.518 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6370   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, 0x3\);                 // ICW4) 31.304 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6371 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6372   // OCW3:  0ef01prs) 15.05 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6373   //   ef:  0x = NOP, 10 = clear specific mask, 11 = set specific mask) 45.15 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6374   //    p:  0 = no polling, 1 = polling mode) 29.498 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6375   //   rs:  0x = NOP, 10 = read IRR, 11 = read ISR) 33.11 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6376   outb\(IO_PIC1, 0x68\);             // clear specific mask) 37.324 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6377   outb\(IO_PIC1, 0x0a\);             // read IRR by default) 37.324 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6378 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6379   outb\(IO_PIC2, 0x68\);             // OCW3) 28.294 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6380   outb\(IO_PIC2, 0x0a\);             // OCW3) 28.294 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6381 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6382   if\(irq_mask_8259A != 0xFFFF\)) 21.07 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6383     irq_setmask_8259A\(irq_mask_8259A\);) 25.886 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6384 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6385 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6386 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6387 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6388 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6389 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6390 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6391 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6392 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6393 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6394 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6395 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6396 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6397 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6398 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6399 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 63) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 71 71
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
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+0 J
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+1 w
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+q
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+q
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+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6400 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6401 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6402 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6403 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6404 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6405 #include "dev.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6406 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6407 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6408 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6409 struct spinlock console_lock;) 20.468 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6410 int panicked = 0;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6411 int use_console_lock = 0;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6412 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6413 // Copy console output to parallel port, which you can tell) 38.528 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6414 // .bochsrc to copy to the stdout:) 23.478 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6415 //   parport1: enabled=1, file="/dev/stdout") 29.498 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6416 static void) 9.632 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6417 lpt_putc\(int c\)) 12.04 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6418 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6419   int i;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6420 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6421   for\(i = 0; !\(inb\(0x378+1\) & 0x80\) && i < 12800; i++\)) 35.518 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6422     ;) 6.02 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6423   outb\(0x378+0, c\);) 14.448 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6424   outb\(0x378+2, 0x08|0x04|0x01\);) 22.274 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6425   outb\(0x378+2, 0x08\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6426 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6427 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6428 static void) 9.632 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6429 cons_putc\(int c\)) 12.642 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6430 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6431   int crtport = 0x3d4; // io port of CGA) 27.09 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6432   ushort *crt = \(ushort*\) 0xB8000; // base of CGA memory) 36.722 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6433   int ind;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6434 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6435   if\(panicked\){) 12.04 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6436     cli\(\);) 9.03 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6437     for\(;;\)) 9.632 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6438       ;) 7.224 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6439   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6440 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6441   lpt_putc\(c\);) 11.438 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6442 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6443   // cursor position, 16 bits, col + 80*row) 28.896 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6444   outb\(crtport, 14\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6445   ind = inb\(crtport + 1\) << 8;) 21.07 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6446   outb\(crtport, 15\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6447   ind |= inb\(crtport + 1\);) 18.662 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6448 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6449   c &= 0xff;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 64) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 2) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6450   if\(c == '\\n'\){) 12.642 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6451     ind -= \(ind % 80\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6452     ind += 80;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6453   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6454     c |= 0x0700; // black on white) 23.478 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6455     crt[ind] = c;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6456     ind++;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6457   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6458 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6459   if\(\(ind / 80\) >= 24\){) 16.856 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6460     // scroll up) 12.642 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6461     memmove\(crt, crt + 80, sizeof\(crt[0]\) * \(23 * 80\)\);) 36.12 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6462     ind -= 80;) 11.438 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6463     memset\(crt + ind, 0, sizeof\(crt[0]\) * \(\(24 * 80\) - ind\)\);) 39.732 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6464   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6465 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6466   outb\(crtport, 14\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6467   outb\(crtport + 1, ind >> 8\);) 21.07 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6468   outb\(crtport, 15\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6469   outb\(crtport + 1, ind\);) 18.06 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6470 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6471 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6472 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6473 printint\(int xx, int base, int sgn\)) 24.08 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6474 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6475   char buf[16];) 12.04 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6476   char digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";) 25.284 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6477   int i = 0, neg = 0;) 15.652 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6478   uint x;) 8.428 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6479 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6480   if\(sgn && xx < 0\){) 15.05 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6481     neg = 1;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6482     x = 0 - xx;) 12.04 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6483   } else {) 9.03 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6484     x = xx;) 9.632 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6485   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6486 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6487   do {) 6.622 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6488     buf[i++] = digits[x % base];) 22.274 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6489   } while\(\(x /= base\) != 0\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6490   if\(neg\)) 8.428 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6491     buf[i++] = '-';) 14.448 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6492 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6493   while\(--i >= 0\)) 13.244 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6494     cons_putc\(buf[i]\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6495 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6496 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6497 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6498 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6499 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 64) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 72 72
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+__tumble pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 3) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6500 // Print to the console. only understands %d, %x, %p, %s.) 37.324 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6501 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6502 cprintf\(char *fmt, ...\)) 16.856 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6503 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6504   int i, state = 0, c, locking = 0;) 24.08 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6505   uint *ap = \(uint*\)\(void*\)&fmt + 1;) 24.682 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6506 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6507   if\(use_console_lock\){) 16.856 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6508     locking = 1;) 12.642 Tj
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+(6522         printint\(*ap, 10, 1\);) 20.468 Tj
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+(6523         ap++;) 10.836 Tj
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+(6524       } else if\(c == 'x' || c == 'p'\){) 25.886 Tj
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+(6525         printint\(*ap, 16, 0\);) 20.468 Tj
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+(6526         ap++;) 10.836 Tj
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+(6529         ap++;) 10.836 Tj
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+(6531           cons_putc\('0'\);) 18.06 Tj
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+(6532         }else{) 11.438 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6533           while\(*s != 0\){) 18.06 Tj
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+(6534             cons_putc\(*s\);) 18.662 Tj
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+(6535             s++;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6536           }) 9.632 Tj
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+(6537         }) 8.428 Tj
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+(6538       } else if\(c == '%'\){) 18.662 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6539         cons_putc\(c\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6540       } else {) 11.438 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6541         // Unknown % sequence.  Print it to draw attention.) 38.528 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6542         cons_putc\('%'\);) 16.856 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6543         cons_putc\(c\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6544       }) 7.224 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6545       state = 0;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6546     }) 6.02 Tj
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+(6547   }) 4.816 Tj
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+(6548 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(6549 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(6550   if\(locking\)) 10.836 Tj
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+(6558   uint pcs[10];) 12.04 Tj
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+(6560   __asm __volatile\("cli"\);) 18.662 Tj
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+(6561   use_console_lock = 0;) 16.856 Tj
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+(6562   cprintf\("panic \(%d\): ", cpu\(\)\);) 22.876 Tj
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+(6564   cprintf\("\\n", 0\);) 14.448 Tj
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+(6568   panicked = 1; // freeze other CPU) 24.08 Tj
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+(6584   release\(&console_lock\);) 18.06 Tj
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+(6586   return n;) 9.632 Tj
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+(6598 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(6599 ) 3.01 Tj
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+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 73 73
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
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+(6600 #define KBSTATP         0x64    // kbd controller status port\(I\)) 41.538 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6601 #define KBS_DIB         0x01    // kbd data in buffer) 34.916 Tj
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+(6602 #define KBDATAP         0x60    // kbd data port\(I\)) 33.712 Tj
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+(6603 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(6604 #define NO              0) 18.06 Tj
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+(6605 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(6606 #define SHIFT           \(1<<0\)) 21.07 Tj
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+(6607 #define CTL             \(1<<1\)) 21.07 Tj
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+(6608 #define ALT             \(1<<2\)) 21.07 Tj
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+(6610 #define CAPSLOCK        \(1<<3\)) 21.07 Tj
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+(6611 #define NUMLOCK         \(1<<4\)) 21.07 Tj
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+(6612 #define SCROLLLOCK      \(1<<5\)) 21.07 Tj
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+(6614 #define E0ESC           \(1<<6\)) 21.07 Tj
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+(6615 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(6616 // Special keycodes) 14.448 Tj
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+(6618 #define KEY_END         0xE1) 19.866 Tj
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+(6622 #define KEY_RT          0xE5) 19.866 Tj
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+(6625 #define KEY_INS         0xE8) 19.866 Tj
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+(6630   [0x1D] CTL,) 10.836 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6631   [0x2A] SHIFT,) 12.04 Tj
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+(6632   [0x36] SHIFT,) 12.04 Tj
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+(6641   [0x45] NUMLOCK,) 13.244 Tj
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+(6648 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(6649 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(Sheet 66) 4.816 Tj
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+W
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+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
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+(6651 {) 3.612 Tj
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+(6652   NO,   0x1B, '1',  '2',  '3',  '4',  '5',  '6',  // 0x00) 37.324 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6653   '7',  '8',  '9',  '0',  '-',  '=',  '\\b', '\\t',) 32.508 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6654   'q',  'w',  'e',  'r',  't',  'y',  'u',  'i',  // 0x10) 37.324 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6655   'o',  'p',  '[',  ']',  '\\n', NO,   'a',  's',) 31.906 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6656   'd',  'f',  'g',  'h',  'j',  'k',  'l',  ';',  // 0x20) 37.324 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6657   '\\'', '`',  NO,   '\\\\', 'z',  'x',  'c',  'v',) 31.906 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6658   'b',  'n',  'm',  ',',  '.',  '/',  NO,   '*',  // 0x30) 37.324 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6659   NO,   ' ',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,) 31.304 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6660   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   '7',  // 0x40) 37.324 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6661   '8',  '9',  '-',  '4',  '5',  '6',  '+',  '1',) 31.906 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6662   '2',  '3',  '0',  '.',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   // 0x50) 37.324 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6663   [0x97] KEY_HOME,) 13.846 Tj
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+(6664   [0x9C] '\\n',      // KP_Enter) 21.672 Tj
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+(6665   [0xB5] '/',       // KP_Div) 20.468 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6666   [0xC8] KEY_UP,) 12.642 Tj
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+(6667   [0xC9] KEY_PGUP,) 13.846 Tj
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+(6668   [0xCB] KEY_LF,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6669   [0xCD] KEY_RT,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6670   [0xCF] KEY_END,) 13.244 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6671   [0xD0] KEY_DN,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6672   [0xD1] KEY_PGDN,) 13.846 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6673   [0xD2] KEY_INS,) 13.244 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6674   [0xD3] KEY_DEL) 12.642 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
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+(6678 {) 3.612 Tj
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+(6679   NO,   033,  '!',  '@',  '#',  '$',  '%',  '^',  // 0x00) 37.324 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6680   '&',  '*',  '\(',  '\)',  '_',  '+',  '\\b', '\\t',) 32.508 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6681   'Q',  'W',  'E',  'R',  'T',  'Y',  'U',  'I',  // 0x10) 37.324 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6682   'O',  'P',  '{',  '}',  '\\n', NO,   'A',  'S',) 31.906 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6683   'D',  'F',  'G',  'H',  'J',  'K',  'L',  ':',  // 0x20) 37.324 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6684   '"',  '~',  NO,   '|',  'Z',  'X',  'C',  'V',) 31.906 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6685   'B',  'N',  'M',  '<',  '>',  '?',  NO,   '*',  // 0x30) 37.324 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6686   NO,   ' ',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,) 31.304 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6687   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   '7',  // 0x40) 37.324 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6688   '8',  '9',  '-',  '4',  '5',  '6',  '+',  '1',) 31.906 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6689   '2',  '3',  '0',  '.',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   // 0x50) 37.324 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6690   [0x97] KEY_HOME,) 13.846 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6691   [0x9C] '\\n',      // KP_Enter) 21.672 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6692   [0xB5] '/',       // KP_Div) 20.468 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6693   [0xC8] KEY_UP,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6694   [0xC9] KEY_PGUP,) 13.846 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6695   [0xCB] KEY_LF,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6696   [0xCD] KEY_RT,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6697   [0xCF] KEY_END,) 13.244 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6698   [0xD0] KEY_DN,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6699   [0xD1] KEY_PGDN,) 13.846 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 66) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 74 74
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+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
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+(6700   [0xD2] KEY_INS,) 13.244 Tj
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+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6702 };) 4.214 Tj
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+(6703 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(6708   NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,) 43.946 Tj
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+(6709   NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,) 43.946 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6710   C\('Q'\),  C\('W'\),  C\('E'\),  C\('R'\),  C\('T'\),  C\('Y'\),  C\('U'\),  C\('I'\),) 46.354 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6711   C\('O'\),  C\('P'\),  NO,      NO,      '\\r',    NO,      C\('A'\),  C\('S'\),) 46.354 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6712   C\('D'\),  C\('F'\),  C\('G'\),  C\('H'\),  C\('J'\),  C\('K'\),  C\('L'\),  NO,) 43.946 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6713   NO,      NO,      NO,      C\('\\\\'\), C\('Z'\),  C\('X'\),  C\('C'\),  C\('V'\),) 46.354 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6714   C\('B'\),  C\('N'\),  C\('M'\),  NO,      NO,      C\('/'\),  NO,      NO,) 43.946 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6715   [0x97] KEY_HOME,) 13.846 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6716   [0xB5] C\('/'\),    // KP_Div) 20.468 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6717   [0xC8] KEY_UP,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6718   [0xC9] KEY_PGUP,) 13.846 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6719   [0xCB] KEY_LF,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6720   [0xCD] KEY_RT,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6721   [0xCF] KEY_END,) 13.244 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6722   [0xD0] KEY_DN,) 12.642 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6723   [0xD1] KEY_PGDN,) 13.846 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6724   [0xD2] KEY_INS,) 13.244 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6725   [0xD3] KEY_DEL) 12.642 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6726 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6727 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6728 static uchar *charcode[4] = {) 20.468 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6729   normalmap,) 10.234 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6730   shiftmap,) 9.632 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6731   ctlmap,) 8.428 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6732   ctlmap) 7.826 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6733 };) 4.214 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6734 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6735 #define KBD_BUF 64) 13.846 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6736 char kbd_buf[KBD_BUF];) 16.254 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6737 int kbd_r;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6738 int kbd_w;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6739 struct spinlock kbd_lock;) 18.06 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6740 static uint shift;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6741 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6742 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6743 kbd_intr\(\)) 9.03 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6744 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6745   uint st, data, c;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6746 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6747   acquire\(&kbd_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6748 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6749 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 67) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 8) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6750   st = inb\(KBSTATP\);) 15.05 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6751   if\(\(st & KBS_DIB\) == 0\)) 18.06 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6752     goto out;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6753   data = inb\(KBDATAP\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6754 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6755   if\(data == 0xE0\) {) 15.05 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6756     shift |= E0ESC;) 14.448 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6757     goto out;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6758   } else if\(data & 0x80\) {) 18.662 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6759     // Key released) 14.448 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6760     data = \(shift & E0ESC ? data : data & 0x7F\);) 31.906 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6761     shift &= ~\(shiftcode[data] | E0ESC\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6762     goto out;) 10.836 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6763   } else if\(shift & E0ESC\) {) 19.866 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6764     // Last character was an E0 escape; or with 0x80) 34.314 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6765     data |= 0x80;) 13.244 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6766     shift &= ~E0ESC;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6767   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6768 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6769   shift |= shiftcode[data];) 19.264 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6770   shift ^= togglecode[data];) 19.866 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6771 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6772   c = charcode[shift & \(CTL | SHIFT\)][data];) 29.498 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6773   if\(shift & CAPSLOCK\) {) 17.458 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6774     if\('a' <= c && c <= 'z'\)) 19.866 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6775       c += 'A' - 'a';) 15.652 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6776     else if\('A' <= c && c <= 'Z'\)) 22.876 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6777       c += 'a' - 'A';) 15.652 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6778   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6779 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6780   switch\(c\){) 10.234 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6781   case 0:) 8.428 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6782     // Ignore unknown keystrokes.) 22.876 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6783     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6784 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6785   case C\('T'\):) 11.438 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6786     cprintf\("#"\);  // Let user know we're still alive.) 35.518 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6787     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6788 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6789   case C\('P'\):) 11.438 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6790     procdump\(\);) 12.04 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6791     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6792 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6793   default:) 9.03 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6794     if\(\(\(kbd_w + 1\) % KBD_BUF\) != kbd_r\){) 27.692 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6795       kbd_buf[kbd_w++] = c;) 19.264 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6796       if\(kbd_w >= KBD_BUF\)) 18.662 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6797         kbd_w = 0;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6798       wakeup\(&kbd_r\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6799     }) 6.02 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 67) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 75 75
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+0 g
+0 G
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
+Q
+q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 9) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6800     break;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6801   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6802 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6803 out:) 5.418 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6804   release\(&kbd_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6805 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6806 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6807 int) 4.816 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6808 console_read\(int minor, char *dst, int n\)) 27.692 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6809 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6810   uint target = n;) 13.846 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6811 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6812   acquire\(&kbd_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6813 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6814   while\(kbd_w == kbd_r\) {) 18.06 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6815     sleep\(&kbd_r, &kbd_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6816   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6817 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6818   while\(n > 0 && kbd_w != kbd_r\){) 22.876 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6819     *dst = \(kbd_buf[kbd_r]\) & 0xff;) 24.08 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6820     cons_putc\(*dst & 0xff\);) 19.264 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6821     dst++;) 9.03 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6822     --n;) 7.826 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6823     kbd_r++;) 10.234 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6824     if\(kbd_r >= KBD_BUF\)) 17.458 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6825       kbd_r = 0;) 12.642 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6826   }) 4.816 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6827 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6828   release\(&kbd_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6829 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6830   return target - n;) 15.05 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6831 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6832 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6833 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6834 console_init\(\)) 11.438 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6835 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6836   initlock\(&console_lock, "console"\);) 25.284 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6837   initlock\(&kbd_lock, "kbd"\);) 20.468 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6838 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6839   devsw[CONSOLE].write = console_write;) 26.488 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6840   devsw[CONSOLE].read = console_read;) 25.284 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6841 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6842   irq_enable\(IRQ_KBD\);) 16.254 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6843   ioapic_enable\(IRQ_KBD, 0\);) 19.866 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6844 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6845   use_console_lock = 1;) 16.856 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6846 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6847 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6848 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6849 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 68) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F10_0 1 Tf
+(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/8253pit.c  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
+0 -3.92728 Td
+(6850 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -5.23637 Td
+(6851 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
+0 -6.54546 Td
+(6852 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
+0 -7.85455 Td
+(6853 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
+0 -9.16364 Td
+(6854 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -10.4727 Td
+(6855 // Register definitions for the Intel) 25.284 Tj
+0 -11.7818 Td
+(6856 // 8253/8254/82C54 Programmable Interval Timer \(PIT\).) 34.916 Tj
+0 -13.0909 Td
+(6857 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -14.4 Td
+(6858 #define IO_TIMER1       0x040           // 8253 Timer #1) 36.722 Tj
+0 -15.7091 Td
+(6859 #define IO_TIMER2       0x048           // 8253 Timer #2 \(EISA only\)) 43.946 Tj
+0 -17.0182 Td
+(6860 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -18.3273 Td
+(6861 // Frequency of all three count-down timers; \(TIMER_FREQ/freq\) is the) 44.548 Tj
+0 -19.6364 Td
+(6862 // appropriate count to generate a frequency of freq hz.) 36.722 Tj
+0 -20.9455 Td
+(6863 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -22.2545 Td
+(6864 #define TIMER_FREQ      1193182) 21.672 Tj
+0 -23.5636 Td
+(6865 #define TIMER_DIV\(x\)    \(\(TIMER_FREQ+\(x\)/2\)/\(x\)\)) 31.906 Tj
+0 -24.8727 Td
+(6866 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -26.1818 Td
+(6867 #define TIMER_CNTR0     \(IO_TIMER1 + 0\) // timer 0 counter port) 40.936 Tj
+0 -27.4909 Td
+(6868 #define TIMER_CNTR1     \(IO_TIMER1 + 1\) // timer 1 counter port) 40.936 Tj
+0 -28.8 Td
+(6869 #define TIMER_CNTR2     \(IO_TIMER1 + 2\) // timer 2 counter port) 40.936 Tj
+0 -30.1091 Td
+(6870 #define TIMER_MODE      \(IO_TIMER1 + 3\) // timer mode port) 37.926 Tj
+0 -31.4182 Td
+(6871 #define TIMER_SEL0      0x00    // select counter 0) 33.712 Tj
+0 -32.7273 Td
+(6872 #define TIMER_SEL1      0x40    // select counter 1) 33.712 Tj
+0 -34.0364 Td
+(6873 #define TIMER_SEL2      0x80    // select counter 2) 33.712 Tj
+0 -35.3454 Td
+(6874 #define TIMER_INTTC     0x00    // mode 0, intr on terminal cnt) 40.936 Tj
+0 -36.6545 Td
+(6875 #define TIMER_ONESHOT   0x02    // mode 1, one shot) 33.712 Tj
+0 -37.9636 Td
+(6876 #define TIMER_RATEGEN   0x04    // mode 2, rate generator) 37.324 Tj
+0 -39.2727 Td
+(6877 #define TIMER_SQWAVE    0x06    // mode 3, square wave) 35.518 Tj
+0 -40.5818 Td
+(6878 #define TIMER_SWSTROBE  0x08    // mode 4, s/w triggered strobe) 40.936 Tj
+0 -41.8909 Td
+(6879 #define TIMER_HWSTROBE  0x0a    // mode 5, h/w triggered strobe) 40.936 Tj
+0 -43.2 Td
+(6880 #define TIMER_LATCH     0x00    // latch counter for reading) 39.13 Tj
+0 -44.5091 Td
+(6881 #define TIMER_LSB       0x10    // r/w counter LSB) 33.11 Tj
+0 -45.8182 Td
+(6882 #define TIMER_MSB       0x20    // r/w counter MSB) 33.11 Tj
+0 -47.1272 Td
+(6883 #define TIMER_16BIT     0x30    // r/w counter 16 bits, LSB first) 42.14 Tj
+0 -48.4363 Td
+(6884 #define TIMER_BCD       0x01    // count in BCD) 31.304 Tj
+0 -49.7454 Td
+(6885 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -51.0545 Td
+(6886 void) 5.418 Tj
+0 -52.3636 Td
+(6887 pit8253_timerinit\(void\)) 16.856 Tj
+0 -53.6727 Td
+(6888 {) 3.612 Tj
+0 -54.9818 Td
+(6889   // initialize 8253 clock to interrupt 100 times/sec) 34.916 Tj
+0 -56.2909 Td
+(6890   outb\(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_RATEGEN | TIMER_16BIT\);) 39.732 Tj
+0 -57.6 Td
+(6891   outb\(IO_TIMER1, TIMER_DIV\(100\) % 256\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -58.9091 Td
+(6892   outb\(IO_TIMER1, TIMER_DIV\(100\) / 256\);) 27.09 Tj
+0 -60.2181 Td
+(6893   irq_enable\(IRQ_TIMER\);) 17.458 Tj
+0 -61.5272 Td
+(6894 }) 3.612 Tj
+0 -62.8363 Td
+(6895 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -64.1454 Td
+(6896 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -65.4545 Td
+(6897 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -66.7636 Td
+(6898 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -68.0727 Td
+(6899 ) 3.01 Tj
+0 -72 Td
+(Sheet 68) 4.816 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Trailer
+end
+%%DocumentSuppliedResources:
+%%+ font LTWFJF+OurCharSet
+%%EOF