summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorFrans Kaashoek <[email protected]>2019-08-12 10:25:55 -0400
committerFrans Kaashoek <[email protected]>2019-08-12 10:25:55 -0400
commit5498ee2e92b363a93a21021b8c3082e5d6bcdced (patch)
treefd6aca87bde7d4c07a26813fd017ba72040ff08e
parente398a9815c8dc65d556333f9bb65c61ca5be2954 (diff)
downloadxv6-labs-5498ee2e92b363a93a21021b8c3082e5d6bcdced.tar.gz
xv6-labs-5498ee2e92b363a93a21021b8c3082e5d6bcdced.tar.bz2
xv6-labs-5498ee2e92b363a93a21021b8c3082e5d6bcdced.zip
Draft mount/umount lab as an alternative lab for fs.html
fs.html should perhaps be split in small homeworks as in previous years in preparation for lectures and/or as demos during lecture.
-rw-r--r--labs/fs1.html198
1 files changed, 198 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/labs/fs1.html b/labs/fs1.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf5bc8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/labs/fs1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>Lab: mount/umount</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="homework.css" type="text/css" />
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<h1>Lab: mount/umount</h1>
+
+<p>In this lab you will add support for mounting/unmounting of file
+systems to xv6. This lab will expose you to many parts of the xv6 file
+system, including pathname lookup, inodes, logging, disk driver,
+concurrency, etc.
+
+<p>Your job is modify xv6 so that your modified kernel passes the
+ tests in mounttest. You will have to implement two system
+ calls: <tt>mount(char *source, char *target)</tt>
+ and <tt>umount(char *target)</tt>. Mount attaches the device
+ referenced by <tt>source</tt> (e.g., <tt>/disk1</tt>) at the
+ location specified by <tt>target</tt>. For
+ example, <tt>mount("/disk1", "/m")</tt> will attach <tt>disk1</tt>
+ at the directory <tt>/m</tt>. After this mount call, users can use
+ pathnames such as <tt>/m/README</tt> to read the
+ file <tt>README</tt> stored in the root directory
+ on <tt>disk1</tt>. <tt>Umount</tt> removes the attachment. For
+ example, <tt>umount("/m")</tt> unmounts disk1 from <tt>/m</tt>.
+
+<p>There are several major challenges in implementing the mount system
+calls:
+
+ <ul>
+
+ <li>Adding the actual system calls so that user programs can call
+ them. This is similar to previous labs in which you added
+ systems calls xv6.
+
+ <li>Supporting several disks. You will have generalize to
+ virtio_disk.c to support at least two disks.
+
+ <li>Logging file system modifications to the right disk. xv6
+ assumes there is only disk and file system calls typically start
+ with <tt>begin_op</tt> and end with <tt>end_op</tt>, logging all
+ modifications between these two calls to the log on the one
+ disk. With mount, modifications to the file system on the
+ second disk must be logged to the second disk.
+
+ <li>Modifying pathname lookup (<tt>namex</tt>) so that when a
+ lookup cross a mount point, it continues at the root inode of
+ the attached disk.
+
+ </ul>
+
+<p>The rest of this assignment provides some hints how you might go
+about the above challenges.
+
+<h2>Adding system calls</h2>
+
+<p>Add the stubs for the two systems calls to xv6 so that you can
+compile mounttest and add two empty functions for the two system calls
+to sysfile.c. Run mounttest and it will fail on the first call
+to <tt>mount</tt>.
+
+
+<h2>Adding a second disk</h2>
+
+<p>To be able to mount another disk, you need to extend xv6 to support
+at least two disks. Modify virtio_disk.c to support an array of two
+disks instead of a single disk. The address of the second disk
+is <tt>0x10002000</tt>; modify the macro <tt>R</tt> to take a disk
+number (0, 1,..) and read/write to the memory address for that disk.
+
+<p>All functions in <tt>virtio_disk.c</tt> need to take the disk
+number as an argument to update the state of the disk that is
+read/written to or to receive an interrupt from the disk.
+Modify <tt>virtio_disk_init</tt> to take a disk number as an argument
+and update is to that it initializes that disk. Similar, go through
+the other functions; make these changes should be most mechanical
+(i.e., text substitutions).
+
+<p>The second disk interrupts at IRQ 2; modify trap.c to receive that
+interrupt and <tt>virtio_disk_intr</tt> with the number of the disk
+that generated the interrupt.
+
+<p>Modify the file Makefile to tell qemu to provide a second
+disk. Define the variable <tt>QEMUEXTRA = -drive
+file=fs1.img,if=none,format=raw,id=x1 -device
+virtio-blk-device,drive=x1,bus=virtio-mmio-bus.1</tt> and
+add <tt>$(QEMUEXTRA)</tt> to the end of <tt>QEMUOPTS</tt>.
+
+<p>Create a second disk image <tt>fs1.img</tt>. Easiest thing to do
+ is just copy the file <tt>fs.img</tt>. You might want to add rules
+ to the Makefile to make this image and remove it on <tt>make
+ clean</tt>.
+
+<p>Add to the user program init a call to create a device for the new
+ disk. For example, add the line <tt>mknod("disk1", DISK, 1);</tt> to
+ init.c. This will create an inode of type device in the root
+ directory with major number <tt>DISK</tt> and minor number 1.
+
+<p>The first argument of the <tt>mount</tt> system call ("disk1") will
+ refer to the device you created using <tt>mknod</tt> above. In your
+ implementation of the mount system call,
+ call <tt>virtio_disk_init</tt> with the minor number as the argument
+ to initialize the second disk. (We reserve minor number 0 for the
+ first disk.)
+
+<p>Boot xv6, run mounttest, and make sure <tt>virtio_disk_init</tt>
+ gets called (e.g., add print statement). You won't know if your
+ changes are correct, but your code should compile and invoke the
+ driver for the second disk.
+
+<h2>Modify the logging system</h2>
+
+<p>After calling <tt>virtio_disk_init</tt>, you need to also
+ call <tt>loginit</tt> to initialize the logging system for the
+ second disk (and restore the second disk if a power failure happened
+ while modifying the second disk). Generalize the logging system to
+ support to two logs, one on disk 0 and one disk 1. These changes
+ are mostly mechanical (e.g., <tt>log.</tt> changes
+ to <tt>log[n].</tt>), similar to generalizing the disk driver to
+ support two disks.
+
+<p>To make xv6 compile, you need to provide a disk number
+ to <tt>begin_op</tt> and <tt>end_op</tt>. It will be a challenge to
+ figure out what the right value is; for now just specify the first
+ disk (i.e., 0). This isn't correct, since modifications to the
+ second disk should be logged on the second disk, but we have no way
+ yet to read/write the second disk. Come back to this later when you
+ have a better idea how things will fit together, but make sure that
+ xv6 compiles and still runs.
+
+<h2>Pathname lookup</h2>
+
+<p>Modify <tt>namex</tt> to traverse mount points: when <tt>namex</tt>
+ sees an inode to which a file system is attached, it should traverse
+ to the root inode of that file system. Hint: modify the in-memory
+ inode in file.h to keep some additional state, and initialize that
+ state in the mount system call. Note that the inode already has a
+ field for disk number (i.e., <tt>dev</tt>), which is initialized and
+ passed to reads and writes to the driver. <tt>dev</tt> corresponds
+ to the minor number for disk devices.
+
+<p>Your modified xv6 should be able to pass the first tests in
+ mounttest (i.e., <tt>stat</tt>). This is likely to be challenging,
+ however, because now your kernel will be reading from the second
+ disk for the first time, and you may run into many issues.
+
+<p>Even though <tt>stat</tt> may return correctly, your code is likely
+ to be incorrect, because in <tt>namex</tt>
+ because <tt>iunlockput</tt> may modify the second disk (e.g., if
+ another process removes the file or directory) and those
+ modifications must be written to the second disk. Your job is to
+ fix the calls to <tt>begin_op</tt> and <tt>end_op</tt> to take the
+ right device. One challenge is that <tt>begin_op</tt> is called at
+ the beginning of a system call but then you don't know the device
+ that will be involved; you will have to postpone this call until you
+ know which inode is involved (which tells you will which device is
+ involved). Another challenge is that you cannot postpone
+ calling <tt>begin_op</tt> passed <tt>ilock</tt> because that
+ violates lock ordering in xv6; you should not be
+ calling <tt>begin_op</tt> while holding locks on inodes. (The log
+ system allows a few systems calls to run; if a system call that
+ holds an inode lock isn't admitted and one of the admitted system
+ calls needs that inode to complete, then xv6 will deadlock.)
+
+<p>Once you have implemented a plan for <tt>begin_op</tt>
+ and <tt>end_op</tt>, see if your kernel can pass <tt>test0</tt>. It
+ is likely that you will have to modify your implementation of the
+ mount system call to handle several corner cases. See the tests
+ in <tt>test0</tt>.
+
+<p>Run usertests to see if you didn't break anything else. Since you
+ modified <tt>namex</tt> and <tt>begin/end_op</tt>, which are at the
+ core of the xv6 file system, you might have introduced bugs, perhaps
+ including deadlocks. Deadlocks manifest themselves as no output
+ being produced because all processes are sleeping (hit ctrl-p a few
+ times). Your kernel might also suffer kernel panics, because your
+ changes violate invariants. You may have to iterate a few times to
+ get a good design and implementation.
+
+<h2>umount</h2>
+
+<p>Once your kernel passes usertests and test0 of mounttest, implement
+ umount. Make sure your kernel can pass test1 of mounttest.
+
+<p>Test2 of mounttest stresses <namex> more; if you have done
+ everything right above, your kernel may be able to pass it.
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
+<h2>Optional challenges</h2>
+
+<p>Modify xv6 so that init mounts the first disk on the root inode.
+ This will allow you to remove some code specific for the first disk
+ from the kernel.
+
+<p>Support mounts on top of mounts.