final xv6 for 2007

2 files changed, 20342 insertions, 17800 deletions

diff --git a/xv6.pdf b/xv6.pdf
index 0ff81d8..d6defdb 100644
--- a/xv6.pdf
+++ b/xv6.pdf
diff --git a/xv6.ps b/xv6.ps
index 8a7a9db..b73ae3e 100644
--- a/xv6.ps
+++ b/xv6.ps
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 %!PS-Adobe-3.0
-%%Creator: xpdf/pdftops 3.00
+%%Creator: xpdf/pdftops 3.01
 %%LanguageLevel: 2
 %%DocumentSuppliedResources: (atend)
 %%DocumentMedia: plain 612 792 0 () ()
 %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792
-%%Pages: 75
+%%Pages: 79
 %%EndComments
 %%BeginDefaults
 %%PageMedia: plain
 %%EndDefaults
 %%BeginProlog
-%%BeginResource: procset xpdf 3.00 0
+%%BeginResource: procset xpdf 3.01 0
 /xpdf 75 dict def xpdf begin
 % PDF special state
 /pdfDictSize 15 def
@@ -29,8 +29,14 @@
 } def
 /pdfStartPage {
   pdfDictSize dict begin
+  /pdfFillCS [] def
+  /pdfFillXform {} def
+  /pdfStrokeCS [] def
+  /pdfStrokeXform {} def
   /pdfFill [0] def
   /pdfStroke [0] def
+  /pdfFillOP false def
+  /pdfStrokeOP false def
   /pdfLastFill false def
   /pdfLastStroke false def
   /pdfTextMat [1 0 0 1 0 0] def
@@ -43,86 +49,37 @@
   /pdfTextClipPath [] def
 } def
 /pdfEndPage { end } def
-% separation convention operators
-/findcmykcustomcolor where {
-  pop
-}{
-  /findcmykcustomcolor { 5 array astore } def
-} ifelse
-/setcustomcolor where {
-  pop
-}{
-  /setcustomcolor {
-    exch
-    [ exch /Separation exch dup 4 get exch /DeviceCMYK exch
-      0 4 getinterval cvx
-      [ exch /dup load exch { mul exch dup } /forall load
-        /pop load dup ] cvx
-    ] setcolorspace setcolor
-  } def
-} ifelse
-/customcolorimage where {
-  pop
-}{
-  /customcolorimage {
-    gsave
-    [ exch /Separation exch dup 4 get exch /DeviceCMYK exch
-      0 4 getinterval
-      [ exch /dup load exch { mul exch dup } /forall load
-        /pop load dup ] cvx
-    ] setcolorspace
-    10 dict begin
-      /ImageType 1 def
-      /DataSource exch def
-      /ImageMatrix exch def
-      /BitsPerComponent exch def
-      /Height exch def
-      /Width exch def
-      /Decode [1 0] def
-    currentdict end
-    image
-    grestore
-  } def
-} ifelse
 % PDF color state
-/sCol {
-  pdfLastStroke not {
-    pdfStroke aload length
-    dup 1 eq {
-      pop setgray
-    }{
-      dup 3 eq {
-        pop setrgbcolor
-      }{
-        4 eq {
-          setcmykcolor
-        }{
-          findcmykcustomcolor exch setcustomcolor
-        } ifelse
-      } ifelse
-    } ifelse
-    /pdfLastStroke true def /pdfLastFill false def
-  } if
-} def
+/cs { /pdfFillXform exch def dup /pdfFillCS exch def
+      setcolorspace } def
+/CS { /pdfStrokeXform exch def dup /pdfStrokeCS exch def
+      setcolorspace } def
+/sc { pdfLastFill not { pdfFillCS setcolorspace } if
+      dup /pdfFill exch def aload pop pdfFillXform setcolor
+     /pdfLastFill true def /pdfLastStroke false def } def
+/SC { pdfLastStroke not { pdfStrokeCS setcolorspace } if
+      dup /pdfStroke exch def aload pop pdfStrokeXform setcolor
+     /pdfLastStroke true def /pdfLastFill false def } def
+/op { /pdfFillOP exch def
+      pdfLastFill { pdfFillOP setoverprint } if } def
+/OP { /pdfStrokeOP exch def
+      pdfLastStroke { pdfStrokeOP setoverprint } if } def
 /fCol {
   pdfLastFill not {
-    pdfFill aload length
-    dup 1 eq {
-      pop setgray
-    }{
-      dup 3 eq {
-        pop setrgbcolor
-      }{
-        4 eq {
-          setcmykcolor
-        }{
-          findcmykcustomcolor exch setcustomcolor
-        } ifelse
-      } ifelse
-    } ifelse
+    pdfFillCS setcolorspace
+    pdfFill aload pop pdfFillXform setcolor
+    pdfFillOP setoverprint
     /pdfLastFill true def /pdfLastStroke false def
   } if
 } def
+/sCol {
+  pdfLastStroke not {
+    pdfStrokeCS setcolorspace
+    pdfStroke aload pop pdfStrokeXform setcolor
+    pdfStrokeOP setoverprint
+    /pdfLastStroke true def /pdfLastFill false def
+  } if
+} def
 % build a font
 /pdfMakeFont {
   4 3 roll findfont
@@ -143,22 +100,19 @@
   end
   definefont pop
 } def
-/pdfMakeFont16L3 {
-  1 index /CIDFont resourcestatus {
-    pop pop 1 index /CIDFont findresource /CIDFontType known
-  } {
-    false
-  } ifelse
-  {
-    0 eq { /Identity-H } { /Identity-V } ifelse
-    exch 1 array astore composefont pop
-  } {
-    pdfMakeFont16
-  } ifelse
-} def
 % graphics state operators
 /q { gsave pdfDictSize dict begin } def
-/Q { end grestore } def
+/Q {
+  end grestore
+  /pdfLastFill where {
+    pop
+    pdfLastFill {
+      pdfFillOP setoverprint
+    } {
+      pdfStrokeOP setoverprint
+    } ifelse
+  } if
+} def
 /cm { concat } def
 /d { setdash } def
 /i { setflat } def
@@ -166,25 +120,6 @@
 /J { setlinecap } def
 /M { setmiterlimit } def
 /w { setlinewidth } def
-% color operators
-/g { dup 1 array astore /pdfFill exch def setgray
-     /pdfLastFill true def /pdfLastStroke false def } def
-/G { dup 1 array astore /pdfStroke exch def setgray
-     /pdfLastStroke true def /pdfLastFill false def } def
-/rg { 3 copy 3 array astore /pdfFill exch def setrgbcolor
-      /pdfLastFill true def /pdfLastStroke false def } def
-/RG { 3 copy 3 array astore /pdfStroke exch def setrgbcolor
-      /pdfLastStroke true def /pdfLastFill false def } def
-/k { 4 copy 4 array astore /pdfFill exch def setcmykcolor
-     /pdfLastFill true def /pdfLastStroke false def } def
-/K { 4 copy 4 array astore /pdfStroke exch def setcmykcolor
-     /pdfLastStroke true def /pdfLastFill false def } def
-/ck { 6 copy 6 array astore /pdfFill exch def
-      findcmykcustomcolor exch setcustomcolor
-      /pdfLastFill true def /pdfLastStroke false def } def
-/CK { 6 copy 6 array astore /pdfStroke exch def
-      findcmykcustomcolor exch setcustomcolor
-      /pdfLastStroke true def /pdfLastFill false def } def
 % path segment operators
 /m { moveto } def
 /l { lineto } def
@@ -316,56 +251,166 @@
     not { pop exit } if
     (%-EOD-) eq { exit } if } loop
 } def
-/pdfImSep {
-  findcmykcustomcolor exch
-  dup /Width get /pdfImBuf1 exch string def
-  dup /Decode get aload pop 1 index sub /pdfImDecodeRange exch def
-  /pdfImDecodeLow exch def
-  begin Width Height BitsPerComponent ImageMatrix DataSource end
-  /pdfImData exch def
-  { pdfImData pdfImBuf1 readstring pop
-    0 1 2 index length 1 sub {
-      1 index exch 2 copy get
-      pdfImDecodeRange mul 255 div pdfImDecodeLow add round cvi
-      255 exch sub put
-    } for }
-  6 5 roll customcolorimage
-  { currentfile pdfImBuf readline
-    not { pop exit } if
-    (%-EOD-) eq { exit } if } loop
-} def
 /pdfImM {
   fCol imagemask
   { currentfile pdfImBuf readline
     not { pop exit } if
     (%-EOD-) eq { exit } if } loop
 } def
-end
-/__tumble {
-  180 rotate
-  -612 -792 translate
+/pdfImClip {
+  gsave
+  0 2 4 index length 1 sub {
+    dup 4 index exch 2 copy
+    get 5 index div put
+    1 add 3 index exch 2 copy
+    get 3 index div put
+  } for
+  pop pop rectclip
+} def
+/pdfImClipEnd { grestore } def
+% shading operators
+/colordelta {
+  false 0 1 3 index length 1 sub {
+    dup 4 index exch get 3 index 3 2 roll get sub abs 0.004 gt {
+      pop true
+    } if
+  } for
+  exch pop exch pop
+} def
+/funcCol { func n array astore } def
+/funcSH {
+  dup 0 eq {
+    true
+  } {
+    dup 6 eq {
+      false
+    } {
+      4 index 4 index funcCol dup
+      6 index 4 index funcCol dup
+      3 1 roll colordelta 3 1 roll
+      5 index 5 index funcCol dup
+      3 1 roll colordelta 3 1 roll
+      6 index 8 index funcCol dup
+      3 1 roll colordelta 3 1 roll
+      colordelta or or or
+    } ifelse
+  } ifelse
+  {
+    1 add
+    4 index 3 index add 0.5 mul exch 4 index 3 index add 0.5 mul exch
+    6 index 6 index 4 index 4 index 4 index funcSH
+    2 index 6 index 6 index 4 index 4 index funcSH
+    6 index 2 index 4 index 6 index 4 index funcSH
+    5 3 roll 3 2 roll funcSH pop pop
+  } {
+    pop 3 index 2 index add 0.5 mul 3 index  2 index add 0.5 mul
+    funcCol sc
+    dup 4 index exch mat transform m
+    3 index 3 index mat transform l
+    1 index 3 index mat transform l
+    mat transform l pop pop h f*
+  } ifelse
+} def
+/axialCol {
+  dup 0 lt {
+    pop t0
+  } {
+    dup 1 gt {
+      pop t1
+    } {
+      dt mul t0 add
+    } ifelse
+  } ifelse
+  func n array astore
+} def
+/axialSH {
+  dup 0 eq {
+    true
+  } {
+    dup 8 eq {
+      false
+    } {
+      2 index axialCol 2 index axialCol colordelta
+    } ifelse
+  } ifelse
+  {
+    1 add 3 1 roll 2 copy add 0.5 mul
+    dup 4 3 roll exch 4 index axialSH
+    exch 3 2 roll axialSH
+  } {
+    pop 2 copy add 0.5 mul axialCol sc
+    exch dup dx mul x0 add exch dy mul y0 add
+    3 2 roll dup dx mul x0 add exch dy mul y0 add
+    dx abs dy abs ge {
+      2 copy yMin sub dy mul dx div add yMin m
+      yMax sub dy mul dx div add yMax l
+      2 copy yMax sub dy mul dx div add yMax l
+      yMin sub dy mul dx div add yMin l
+      h f*
+    } {
+      exch 2 copy xMin sub dx mul dy div add xMin exch m
+      xMax sub dx mul dy div add xMax exch l
+      exch 2 copy xMax sub dx mul dy div add xMax exch l
+      xMin sub dx mul dy div add xMin exch l
+      h f*
+    } ifelse
+  } ifelse
+} def
+/radialCol {
+  dup t0 lt {
+    pop t0
+  } {
+    dup t1 gt {
+      pop t1
+    } if
+  } ifelse
+  func n array astore
 } def
+/radialSH {
+  dup 0 eq {
+    true
+  } {
+    dup 8 eq {
+      false
+    } {
+      2 index dt mul t0 add radialCol
+      2 index dt mul t0 add radialCol colordelta
+    } ifelse
+  } ifelse
+  {
+    1 add 3 1 roll 2 copy add 0.5 mul
+    dup 4 3 roll exch 4 index radialSH
+    exch 3 2 roll radialSH
+  } {
+    pop 2 copy add 0.5 mul dt mul t0 add axialCol sc
+    exch dup dx mul x0 add exch dup dy mul y0 add exch dr mul r0 add
+    0 360 arc h
+    dup dx mul x0 add exch dup dy mul y0 add exch dr mul r0 add
+    0 360 arc h f*
+  } ifelse
+} def
+end
 %%EndResource
 %%EndProlog
 %%BeginSetup
 xpdf begin
-%%BeginResource: font LTWFJF+OurCharSet
-%!FontType1-1.0: LTWFJF+OurCharSet
+%%BeginResource: font LucidaSans-Typewriter83
+%!FontType1-1.0: LucidaSans-Typewriter83
 12 dict begin
 /FontInfo 10 dict dup begin
 /Notice (Copyright (c) 1991 Bigelow & Holmes Inc. and Y&Y, Inc. (508) 371-3286. All Rights Reserved.) readonly def
 /FullName (Lucida Sans Typewriter 83) readonly def
 /FamilyName (LucidaSansTypewriter83) readonly def
-/isFixedPitch false def
+/isFixedPitch true def
 /ItalicAngle 0 def
-/UnderlinePosition -100 def
-/UnderlineThickness 50 def
+/UnderlinePosition 0 def
+/UnderlineThickness 0 def
 end readonly def
-/FontName /LTWFJF+OurCharSet def
+/FontName /LucidaSans-Typewriter83 def
 /PaintType 0 def
 /FontType 1 def
-/FontMatrix [0.001 0 0 0.001 0 0] readonly def
-/FontBBox [-12 -205 618 928] readonly def
+/FontMatrix [0.000833333 0 0 0.000833333 0 0] readonly def
+/FontBBox [0 -205 602 783] readonly def
 /StrokeWidth 0 def
 /Encoding 256 array
 0 1 255 {1 index exch /.notdef put} for
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-(IOART_DELEXINT 5930) 11.438 Tj
-21.6719 -35.3454 Td
-(IOART_TRGRMOD 5906) 10.836 Tj
-2.40798 -36.6545 Td
-(5930) 2.408 Tj
-24.0799 -36.6545 Td
-(5906 6256) 5.418 Tj
--2e-05 -37.9636 Td
-(IOART_DELFIXED 5923) 11.438 Tj
-21.6719 -37.9636 Td
-(IOART_VER_MAXREDIR 5936) 13.846 Tj
-2.40798 -39.2727 Td
-(5923) 2.408 Tj
-24.0799 -39.2727 Td
-(5936 6244) 5.418 Tj
--2e-05 -40.5818 Td
-(IOART_DELINIT 5928) 10.836 Tj
-21.6719 -40.5818 Td
-(IOART_VER_VERSION 5935) 13.244 Tj
-2.40798 -41.8909 Td
-(5928) 2.408 Tj
-24.0799 -41.8909 Td
-(5935) 2.408 Tj
--2e-05 -43.2 Td
-(IOART_DELIVS 5916) 10.234 Tj
-21.6719 -43.2 Td
-(IO_PIC1 6306) 7.224 Tj
-2.40798 -44.5091 Td
-(5916) 2.408 Tj
-24.0799 -44.5091 Td
-(6306 6320 6335 6344) 11.438 Tj
--2e-05 -45.8182 Td
-(IOART_DELLOPRI 5924) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -45.8182 Td
-(6347 6352 6362 6376) 11.438 Tj
-2.40798 -47.1272 Td
-(5924) 2.408 Tj
-24.0799 -47.1272 Td
-(6377) 2.408 Tj
--2e-05 -48.4363 Td
-(IOART_DELMOD 5922) 10.234 Tj
-21.6719 -48.4363 Td
-(IO_PIC2 6307) 7.224 Tj
-2.40798 -49.7454 Td
-(5922 6257) 5.418 Tj
-24.0799 -49.7454 Td
-(6307 6321 6336 6365) 11.438 Tj
--2e-05 -51.0545 Td
-(IOART_DELNMI 5927) 10.234 Tj
-24.0799 -51.0545 Td
-(6366 6367 6370 6379) 11.438 Tj
-2.40798 -52.3636 Td
-(5927) 2.408 Tj
-24.0799 -52.3636 Td
-(6380) 2.408 Tj
--2e-05 -53.6727 Td
-(IOART_DELRSV1 5926) 10.836 Tj
-21.6719 -53.6727 Td
-(IO_TIMER1 6858) 8.428 Tj
-2.40798 -54.9818 Td
-(5926) 2.408 Tj
-24.0799 -54.9818 Td
-(6858 6867 6868 6869) 11.438 Tj
--2e-05 -56.2909 Td
-(IOART_DELRSV2 5929) 10.836 Tj
-24.0799 -56.2909 Td
-(6870 6891 6892) 8.428 Tj
-2.40798 -57.6 Td
-(5929) 2.408 Tj
-21.6719 -57.6 Td
-(IO_TIMER2 6859) 8.428 Tj
--2e-05 -58.9091 Td
-(IOART_DELSMI 5925) 10.234 Tj
-24.0799 -58.9091 Td
-(6859) 2.408 Tj
-2.40798 -60.2181 Td
-(5925) 2.408 Tj
-21.6719 -60.2181 Td
-(iput 4432) 5.418 Tj
--2e-05 -61.5272 Td
-(IOART_DEST 5898) 9.03 Tj
-24.0799 -61.5272 Td
-(0332 4182 4432 4435) 11.438 Tj
-2.40798 -62.8363 Td
-(5898 6262 6281) 8.428 Tj
-24.0799 -62.8363 Td
-(4456 4648 4653 4688) 11.438 Tj
--2e-05 -64.1454 Td
-(IOART_DESTLOG 5920) 10.836 Tj
-24.0799 -64.1454 Td
-(4695 4706 4763 4824) 11.438 Tj
-2.40798 -65.4545 Td
-(5920) 2.408 Tj
-24.0799 -65.4545 Td
-(4834 4860 4872 4881) 11.438 Tj
--2e-05 -66.7636 Td
-(IOART_DESTMOD 5918) 10.836 Tj
-24.0799 -66.7636 Td
-(4882 5267 5273 5282) 11.438 Tj
-2.40798 -68.0727 Td
-(5918 6258) 5.418 Tj
-24.0799 -68.0727 Td
-(5287 5291 5335 5368) 11.438 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  cross-references  Page 5) 187.846 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(ilock 3852) 43.6851 Tj
+-13042.1 TJm
+(ioapic_read 5834) 69.8962 Tj
+17.4609 -37.9735 Td
+(0239 3852 3858 3878) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(5834 5859 5860) 61.1592 Tj
+17.4609 -47.4668 Td
+(4364 4481 4511 4531) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(ioapic_write 5841) 74.2647 Tj
+17.4609 -56.9602 Td
+(4672 4683 4693 4762) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(5841 5867 5868 5881) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -66.4535 Td
+(4774 4809 4813 4825) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(5882) 17.4741 Tj
+17.4609 -75.9469 Td
+(4867 4937 5020 6394) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(IO_PIC1 5907) 52.4222 Tj
+17.4609 -85.4403 Td
+(6463 6485) 39.3166 Tj
+-13543.8 TJm
+(5907 5920 5935 5944) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(inb 0354) 34.9481 Tj
+-16052 TJm
+(5947 5952 5962 5976) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -104.427 Td
+(0354 0928 0936 1154) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(5977) 17.4741 Tj
+17.4609 -113.92 Td
+(3336 3363 5646 6164) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(IO_PIC2 5908) 52.4222 Tj
+17.4609 -123.414 Td
+(6167 6232 6257 6259) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(5908 5921 5936 5965) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(INDIRECT 3168) 56.7907 Tj
+-13543.7 TJm
+(5966 5967 5970 5979) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -142.4 Td
+(3168 4027 4030 4065) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(5980) 17.4741 Tj
+17.4609 -151.894 Td
+(4066 4073) 39.3166 Tj
+-11537.3 TJm
+(IO_TIMER1 6559) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(initlock 1413) 56.7907 Tj
+-13543.7 TJm
+(6559 6568 6578 6579) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -170.88 Td
+(0317 1413 1621 2231) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(IPB 3187) 34.9481 Tj
+17.4609 -180.374 Td
+(2524 3355 3542 3791) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(3187 3190 3196 3868) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -189.867 Td
+(4414 5184 6503 6504) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(3962 3983) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(inode 3252) 43.6851 Tj
+-13042.1 TJm
+(iput 3902) 39.3166 Tj
+17.4609 -208.854 Td
+(0203 0234 0235 0236) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(0240 2020 3902 3908) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -218.347 Td
+(0237 0239 0240 0241) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(3927 4260 4382 4471) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -227.841 Td
+(0242 0243 0245 0246) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(4687 4943) 39.3166 Tj
+17.4609 -237.334 Td
+(0247 0248 0249 1539) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(IRQ_ERROR 2384) 61.1592 Tj
+17.4609 -246.827 Td
+(2951 2952 3106 3252) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(2384 5730) 39.3166 Tj
+17.4609 -256.321 Td
+(3675 3785 3802 3805) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(IRQ_IDE 2383) 52.4222 Tj
+17.4609 -265.814 Td
+(3811 3837 3838 3852) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(2383 2560 3356 3357) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -275.307 Td
+(3884 3902 3924 3951) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(IRQ_KBD 2382) 52.4222 Tj
+17.4609 -284.801 Td
+(3977 4010 4052 4082) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(2382 2564 6510 6511) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -294.294 Td
+(4102 4152 4211 4212) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(IRQ_OFFSET 2379) 65.5277 Tj
+17.4609 -303.788 Td
+(4252 4256 4353 4356) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(2379 2551 2560 2564) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -313.281 Td
+(4388 4395 4666 4702) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(2568 2595 5707 5718) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -322.774 Td
+(4753 4800 4804 4856) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(5730 5867 5881 5947) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -332.268 Td
+(4903 4921 4933 5015) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(5966) 17.4741 Tj
+17.4609 -341.761 Td
+(6385 6451) 39.3166 Tj
+-11537.3 TJm
+(IRQ_SLAVE 5910) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(INPUT_BUF 6400) 61.1592 Tj
+-13042 TJm
+(5910 5914 5952 5967) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -360.748 Td
+(6400 6403 6424 6436) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(IRQ_SPURIOUS 2385) 74.2647 Tj
+17.4609 -370.241 Td
+(6439 6481) 39.3166 Tj
+-13543.8 TJm
+(2385 2568 5707) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(insl 0363) 39.3166 Tj
+-13543.8 TJm
+(IRQ_TIMER 2381) 61.1592 Tj
+17.4609 -389.228 Td
+(0363 1173 3415) 61.1592 Tj
+-11035.5 TJm
+(2381 2551 2595 5718) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(INT_DISABLED 5819) 74.2647 Tj
+-11537 TJm
+(6580) 17.4741 Tj
+17.4609 -408.214 Td
+(5819 5867) 39.3166 Tj
+-11537.3 TJm
+(isdirempty 4702) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -417.707 Td
+(IOAPIC 5808) 48.0537 Tj
+-14547 TJm
+(4702 4709 4778) 61.1592 Tj
+17.4609 -427.201 Td
+(5808 5858) 39.3166 Tj
+-11537.3 TJm
+(ismp 5514) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -436.694 Td
+(ioapic_enable 5873) 78.6333 Tj
+-11035.3 TJm
+(0280 1247 5514 5613) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -446.188 Td
+(0256 3357 5873 6511) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(5855 5875) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(ioapic_id 5516) 61.1592 Tj
+-11035.4 TJm
+(itrunc 4052) 48.0537 Tj
+17.4609 -465.174 Td
+(0257 5516 5628 5861) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(3675 3911 4052) 61.1592 Tj
+17.4609 -474.668 Td
+(5862) 17.4741 Tj
+-14045.6 TJm
+(iunlock 3884) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(ioapic_init 5851) 69.8962 Tj
+-12038.7 TJm
+(0241 3884 3887 3926) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -493.654 Td
+(0258 1237 5851 5862) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(4371 4483 4514 4534) 83.0018 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  cross-references  Page 6) 25.886 Tj
-2.40799 -3.92728 Td
-(5384 5385 5414 5419) 11.438 Tj
-21.6719 -3.92728 Td
-(KBDATAP 6602) 7.224 Tj
-2.40799 -5.23637 Td
-(5581 5592 5596) 8.428 Tj
-24.0799 -5.23637 Td
-(6602 6753) 5.418 Tj
--1e-05 -6.54546 Td
-(irq_enable 6325) 9.03 Tj
-21.6719 -6.54546 Td
-(KBD_BUF 6735) 7.224 Tj
-2.40799 -7.85455 Td
-(0252 3759 6325 6842) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -7.85455 Td
-(6735 6736 6794 6796) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -9.16364 Td
-(6893) 2.408 Tj
-24.0799 -9.16364 Td
-(6824) 2.408 Tj
--1e-05 -10.4727 Td
-(IRQ_ERROR 2834) 8.428 Tj
-21.6719 -10.4727 Td
-(kbd_intr 6743) 7.826 Tj
-2.40799 -11.7818 Td
-(2834 6109) 5.418 Tj
-24.0799 -11.7818 Td
-(0209 2927 6743) 8.428 Tj
--1e-05 -13.0909 Td
-(IRQ_IDE 2833) 7.224 Tj
-21.6719 -13.0909 Td
-(kbd_lock 6739) 7.826 Tj
-2.40799 -14.4 Td
-(2833 2921 3759 3760) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -14.4 Td
-(6739 6747 6804 6812) 11.438 Tj
--1e-05 -15.7091 Td
-(IRQ_KBD 2832) 7.224 Tj
-24.0799 -15.7091 Td
-(6815 6828 6837) 8.428 Tj
-2.40799 -17.0182 Td
-(2832 2926 6842 6843) 11.438 Tj
-21.6719 -17.0182 Td
-(kbd_r 6737) 6.02 Tj
--1e-05 -18.3273 Td
-(IRQ_OFFSET 2829) 9.03 Tj
-24.0799 -18.3273 Td
-(6737 6794 6798 6814) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -19.6364 Td
-(2829 2905 2921 2926) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -19.6364 Td
-(6815 6818 6819 6823) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -20.9455 Td
-(2931 6073 6099 6109) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -20.9455 Td
-(6824 6825) 5.418 Tj
-2.40799 -22.2545 Td
-(6259 6347 6366) 8.428 Tj
-21.6719 -22.2545 Td
-(kbd_w 6738) 6.02 Tj
--1e-05 -23.5636 Td
-(irq_setmask_8259A 6316) 13.244 Tj
-24.0799 -23.5636 Td
-(6738 6794 6795 6796) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -24.8727 Td
-(6316 6327 6383) 8.428 Tj
-24.0799 -24.8727 Td
-(6797 6814 6818) 8.428 Tj
--1e-05 -26.1818 Td
-(IRQ_SLAVE 6309) 8.428 Tj
-21.6719 -26.1818 Td
-(KBS_DIB 6601) 7.224 Tj
-2.40799 -27.4909 Td
-(6309 6313 6352 6367) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -27.4909 Td
-(6601 6751) 5.418 Tj
--1e-05 -28.8 Td
-(IRQ_SPURIOUS 2835) 10.234 Tj
-21.6719 -28.8 Td
-(KBSTATP 6600) 7.224 Tj
-2.40799 -30.1091 Td
-(2835 2931 6099) 8.428 Tj
-24.0799 -30.1091 Td
-(6600 6750) 5.418 Tj
--1e-05 -31.4182 Td
-(IRQ_TIMER 2831) 8.428 Tj
-21.6719 -31.4182 Td
-(KEY_DEL 6626) 7.224 Tj
-2.40799 -32.7273 Td
-(2831 2905 6073 6893) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -32.7273 Td
-(6626 6674 6701 6725) 11.438 Tj
--1e-05 -34.0364 Td
-(ismp 1432) 5.418 Tj
-21.6719 -34.0364 Td
-(KEY_DN 6620) 6.622 Tj
-2.40799 -35.3454 Td
-(0258 1280 1432 1533) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -35.3454 Td
-(6620 6671 6698 6722) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -36.6545 Td
-(1595 6239 6273) 8.428 Tj
-21.6719 -36.6545 Td
-(KEY_END 6618) 7.224 Tj
--1e-05 -37.9636 Td
-(itrunc 4402) 6.622 Tj
-24.0799 -37.9636 Td
-(6618 6670 6697 6721) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -39.2727 Td
-(0329 4402 4438) 8.428 Tj
-21.6719 -39.2727 Td
-(KEY_HOME 6617) 7.826 Tj
--1e-05 -40.5818 Td
-(iunlock 4354) 7.224 Tj
-24.0799 -40.5818 Td
-(6617 6663 6690 6715) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -41.8909 Td
-(0328 1337 4354 4357) 11.438 Tj
-21.6719 -41.8909 Td
-(KEY_INS 6625) 7.224 Tj
-2.40799 -43.2 Td
-(4465 4864 4964 4985) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -43.2 Td
-(6625 6673 6700 6724) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -44.5091 Td
-(5035 5300 5425) 8.428 Tj
-21.6719 -44.5091 Td
-(KEY_LF 6621) 6.622 Tj
--1e-05 -45.8182 Td
-(iupdate 4253) 7.224 Tj
-24.0799 -45.8182 Td
-(6621 6668 6695 6719) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -47.1272 Td
-(0340 4253 4313 4425) 11.438 Tj
-21.6719 -47.1272 Td
-(KEY_PGDN 6624) 7.826 Tj
-2.40799 -48.4363 Td
-(4586 4784 4823 4833) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -48.4363 Td
-(6624 6672 6699 6723) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -49.7454 Td
-(4878 5373) 5.418 Tj
-21.6719 -49.7454 Td
-(KEY_PGUP 6623) 7.826 Tj
--1e-05 -51.0545 Td
-(jmpbuf 1915) 6.622 Tj
-24.0799 -51.0545 Td
-(6623 6667 6694 6718) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -52.3636 Td
-(0228 0229 0230 1266) 11.438 Tj
-21.6719 -52.3636 Td
-(KEY_RT 6622) 6.622 Tj
-2.40799 -53.6727 Td
-(1267 1914 1915 1940) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -53.6727 Td
-(6622 6669 6696 6720) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -54.9818 Td
-(1964 2145 2146 2147) 11.438 Tj
-21.6719 -54.9818 Td
-(KEY_UP 6619) 6.622 Tj
-2.40799 -56.2909 Td
-(2148 2229 2230 2262) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -56.2909 Td
-(6619 6666 6693 6717) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -57.6 Td
-(2263 2500 2501) 8.428 Tj
-21.6719 -57.6 Td
-(kfree 2605) 6.02 Tj
--1e-05 -58.9091 Td
-(kalloc 2660) 6.622 Tj
-24.0799 -58.9091 Td
-(0202 2071 2132 2442) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -60.2181 Td
-(0200 0201 1263 1342) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -60.2181 Td
-(2443 2589 2605 2613) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -61.5272 Td
-(2064 2122 2130 2584) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -61.5272 Td
-(5563 5591 5648 5676) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -62.8363 Td
-(2602 2660 2665 2686) 11.438 Tj
-21.6719 -62.8363 Td
-(kinit 2578) 6.02 Tj
-2.40799 -64.1454 Td
-(5515 5630) 5.418 Tj
-24.0799 -64.1454 Td
-(0203 1254 2578 2603) 11.438 Tj
--1e-05 -65.4545 Td
-(kalloc_lock 2565) 9.632 Tj
-21.6719 -65.4545 Td
-(KSTACKSIZE 0152) 9.03 Tj
-2.40799 -66.7636 Td
-(2565 2584 2619 2653) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -66.7636 Td
-(0152 1263 1267 2034) 11.438 Tj
-2.40799 -68.0727 Td
-(2667 2674 2680 2685) 11.438 Tj
-24.0799 -68.0727 Td
-(2130 2139 2443) 8.428 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  cross-references  Page 6) 187.846 Tj
+17.4609 -28.4801 Td
+(4679 4880 4942 6389) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(6024 6067 6089 6113) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -37.9735 Td
+(6456) 17.4741 Tj
+-14045.6 TJm
+(KEY_UP 6021) 48.0537 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(iunlockput 3924) 65.5277 Tj
+-12540.3 TJm
+(6021 6065 6087 6111) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -56.9602 Td
+(0242 3924 4366 4375) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(kfree 2255) 43.6851 Tj
+17.4609 -66.4535 Td
+(4378 4674 4686 4692) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(0262 1664 1726 2069) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -75.9469 Td
+(4696 4766 4771 4779) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(2070 2236 2255 2260) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -85.4403 Td
+(4780 4787 4791 4812) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(5101 5111 5202 5228) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -94.9336 Td
+(4815 4822 4833 4834) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(kill 1976) 39.3166 Tj
+17.4609 -104.427 Td
+(4845 4869 4877 4913) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(0299 1976 2581 2837) 83.0018 Tj
+17.4609 -113.92 Td
+(4925 4939 5069 5112) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(6717) 17.4741 Tj
+0 -123.413 Td
+(iupdate 3977) 52.4222 Tj
+-12038.8 TJm
+(kinit 2225) 43.6851 Tj
+17.4609 -132.907 Td
+(0243 3913 3977 4077) 83.0018 Tj
+-8527.18 TJm
+(0263 1238 2225) 61.1592 Tj
+17.4609 -142.4 Td
+(4178 4678 4695 4790) 83.0018 Tj
+-6520.6 TJm
+(KSTACKSIZE 0152) 65.5277 Tj
+17.4609 -151.893 Td
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+0 -142.4 Td
+(0212 void            brelse\(struct buf*\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0213 void            bwrite\(struct buf*\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0214 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0215 // console.c) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0216 void            console_init\(void\);) 174.741 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0217 void            cprintf\(char*, ...\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0218 void            console_intr\(int\(*\)\(void\)\);) 209.689 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0219 void            panic\(char*\) __attribute__\(\(noreturn\)\
+\);) 262.111 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0220 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0221 // exec.c) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0222 int             exec\(char*, char**\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0223 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0224 // file.c) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0225 struct file*    filealloc\(void\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0226 void            fileclose\(struct file*\);) 196.583 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0227 struct file*    filedup\(struct file*\);) 187.846 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0228 void            fileinit\(void\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0229 int             fileread\(struct file*, char*, int n\);) 253.374 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0230 int             filestat\(struct file*, struct stat*\);) 253.374 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0231 int             filewrite\(struct file*, char*, int n\);) 257.742 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0232 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0233 // fs.c) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0234 int             dirlink\(struct inode*, char*, uint\);) 249.005 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0235 struct inode*   dirlookup\(struct inode*, char*, uint*\);) 262.111 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0236 struct inode*   ialloc\(uint, short\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0237 struct inode*   idup\(struct inode*\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0238 void            iinit\(void\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0239 void            ilock\(struct inode*\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0240 void            iput\(struct inode*\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0241 void            iunlock\(struct inode*\);) 192.215 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0242 void            iunlockput\(struct inode*\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0243 void            iupdate\(struct inode*\);) 192.215 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0244 int             namecmp\(const char*, const char*\);) 240.268 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0245 struct inode*   namei\(char*\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0246 struct inode*   nameiparent\(char*, char*\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0247 int             readi\(struct inode*, char*, uint, uint\);) 266.479 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0248 void            stati\(struct inode*, struct stat*\);) 244.637 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0249 int             writei\(struct inode*, char*, uint, uint\)\
+;) 270.848 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 02) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/defs.h  Page 2) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0250 // picirq.c) 9.632 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0251 void pic_init\(void\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0252 void irq_enable\(int\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0253 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0254 // 8253pit.c) 10.234 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0255 void pit8253_timerinit\(void\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0256 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0257 // mp.c) 7.224 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0258 extern int ismp;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0259 void mp_init\(void\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0260 void mp_startthem\(void\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0261 int mp_bcpu\(void\);) 13.846 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0262 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0263 // lapic.c) 9.03 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0264 extern uint *lapicaddr;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0265 void lapic_init\(int\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0266 void lapic_startap\(uchar, int\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0267 void lapic_timerinit\(void\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0268 void lapic_timerintr\(void\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0269 void lapic_enableintr\(void\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0270 void lapic_disableintr\(void\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0271 void lapic_eoi\(void\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0272 int cpu\(void\);) 11.438 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0273 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0274 // ioapic.c) 9.632 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0275 extern uchar ioapic_id;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0276 void ioapic_init\(void\);) 16.856 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0277 void ioapic_enable\(int irq, int cpu\);) 25.284 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0278 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0279 // spinlock.c) 10.836 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0280 struct spinlock;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0281 void initlock\(struct spinlock*, char*\);) 26.488 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0282 void acquire\(struct spinlock*\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0283 void release\(struct spinlock*\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0284 int holding\(struct spinlock*\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0285 void getcallerpcs\(void*, uint*\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0286 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0287 // main.c) 8.428 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0288 void load_icode\(struct proc*, uchar*, uint\);) 29.498 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0289 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0290 // pipe.c) 8.428 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0291 struct pipe;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0292 struct file;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0293 int pipe_alloc\(struct file**, struct file**\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0294 void pipe_close\(struct pipe*, int\);) 24.08 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0295 int pipe_write\(struct pipe*, char*, int\);) 27.692 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0296 int pipe_read\(struct pipe*, char*, int\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0297 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0298 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0299 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 02) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/defs.h  Page 2) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0250 // ide.c) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0251 void            ide_init\(void\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0252 void            ide_intr\(void\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0253 void            ide_rw\(struct buf *\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0254 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0255 // ioapic.c) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0256 void            ioapic_enable\(int irq, int cpu\);) 231.531 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0257 extern uchar    ioapic_id;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0258 void            ioapic_init\(void\);) 170.372 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0259 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0260 // kalloc.c) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0261 char*           kalloc\(int\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0262 void            kfree\(char*, int\);) 170.372 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0263 void            kinit\(void\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0264 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0265 // kbd.c) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0266 void            kbd_intr\(void\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0267 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0268 // lapic.c) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0269 int             cpu\(void\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0270 extern volatile uint*    lapic;) 157.267 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0271 void            lapic_disableintr\(void\);) 196.583 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0272 void            lapic_enableintr\(void\);) 192.215 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0273 void            lapic_eoi\(void\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0274 void            lapic_init\(int\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0275 void            lapic_startap\(uchar, uint\);) 209.689 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0276 void            lapic_timerinit\(void\);) 187.846 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0277 void            lapic_timerintr\(void\);) 187.846 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0278 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0279 // mp.c) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0280 extern int      ismp;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0281 int             mp_bcpu\(void\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0282 void            mp_init\(void\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0283 void            mp_startthem\(void\);) 174.741 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0284 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0285 // picirq.c) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0286 void            pic_enable\(int\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0287 void            pic_init\(void\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0288 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0289 // pipe.c) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0290 int             pipealloc\(struct file**, struct file**\);) 266.479 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0291 void            pipeclose\(struct pipe*, int\);) 218.426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0292 int             piperead\(struct pipe*, char*, int\);) 244.637 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0293 int             pipewrite\(struct pipe*, char*, int\);) 249.005 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0294 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0295 // proc.c) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0296 struct proc*    copyproc\(struct proc*\);) 192.215 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0297 void            exit\(void\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0298 int             growproc\(int\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0299 int             kill\(int\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 02) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -4214,7 +4351,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 10 10
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 180 3960 5760 3460 re
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+[0] SC
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+[0] sc
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/defs.h  Page 3) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0300 // file.c) 8.428 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0301 struct stat;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0302 void fileinit\(void\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0303 struct file* filealloc\(void\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0304 void fileclose\(struct file*\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0305 int fileread\(struct file*, char*, int n\);) 27.692 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0306 int filewrite\(struct file*, char*, int n\);) 28.294 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0307 int filestat\(struct file*, struct stat*\);) 27.692 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0308 void fileincref\(struct file*\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0309 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0310 // ide.c) 7.826 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0311 void ide_init\(void\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0312 void ide_intr\(void\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0313 void ide_rw\(int, uint, void*, uint, int\);) 27.692 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0314 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0315 // bio.c) 7.826 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0316 void binit\(void\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0317 struct buf;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0318 struct buf* getblk\(uint dev, uint sector\);) 28.294 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0319 struct buf* bread\(uint, uint\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0320 void bwrite\(struct buf*, uint\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0321 void brelse\(struct buf*\);) 18.06 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0322 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0323 // fs.c) 7.224 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0324 extern uint rootdev;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0325 void iinit\(void\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0326 struct inode* iget\(uint, uint\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0327 void ilock\(struct inode*\);) 18.662 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0328 void iunlock\(struct inode*\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0329 void itrunc\(struct inode*\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0330 void idecref\(struct inode*\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0331 void iincref\(struct inode*\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0332 void iput\(struct inode*\);) 18.06 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0333 struct inode* namei\(char*, int, uint*, char**, struct inode**\);) 40.936 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0334 void stati\(struct inode*, struct stat*\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0335 int readi\(struct inode*, char*, uint, uint\);) 29.498 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0336 int writei\(struct inode*, char*, uint, uint\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0337 struct inode* mknod\(char*, short, short, short\);) 31.906 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0338 struct inode* mknod1\(struct inode*, char*, short, short, short\);) 41.538 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0339 int unlink\(char*\);) 13.846 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0340 void iupdate\(struct inode*\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0341 int link\(char*, char*\);) 16.856 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0342 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0343 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0344 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0345 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0346 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0347 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0348 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0349 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 03) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/defs.h  Page 3) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0300 void            pinit\(void\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0301 void            procdump\(void\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0302 void            scheduler\(void\) __attribute__\(\(noretur\
+n\)\);) 275.216 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0303 void            setupsegs\(struct proc*\);) 196.583 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0304 void            sleep\(void*, struct spinlock*\);) 227.163 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0305 void            userinit\(void\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0306 int             wait\(void\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0307 void            wakeup\(void*\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0308 void            yield\(void\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0309 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0310 // swtch.S) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0311 void            swtch\(struct context*, struct context*\);) 266.479 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0312 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0313 // spinlock.c) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0314 void            acquire\(struct spinlock*\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0315 void            getcallerpcs\(void*, uint*\);) 209.689 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0316 int             holding\(struct spinlock*\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0317 void            initlock\(struct spinlock*, char*\);) 240.268 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0318 void            release\(struct spinlock*\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0319 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0320 // string.c) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0321 int             memcmp\(const void*, const void*, uint\);) 262.111 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0322 void*           memmove\(void*, const void*, uint\);) 240.268 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0323 void*           memset\(void*, int, uint\);) 200.952 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0324 char*           safestrcpy\(char*, const char*, int\);) 249.005 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0325 int             strlen\(const char*\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0326 int             strncmp\(const char*, const char*, uint\);) 266.479 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0327 char*           strncpy\(char*, const char*, int\);) 235.9 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0328 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0329 // syscall.c) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0330 int             argint\(int, int*\);) 170.372 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0331 int             argptr\(int, char**, int\);) 200.952 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0332 int             argstr\(int, char**\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0333 int             fetchint\(struct proc*, uint, int*\);) 244.637 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0334 int             fetchstr\(struct proc*, uint, char**\);) 253.374 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0335 void            syscall\(void\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0336 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0337 // timer.c) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0338 void            timer_init\(void\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0339 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0340 // trap.c) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0341 void            idtinit\(void\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0342 extern int      ticks;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0343 void            tvinit\(void\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0344 extern struct spinlock tickslock;) 166.004 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0345 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0346 // number of elements in fixed-size array) 200.952 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0347 #define NELEM\(x\) \(sizeof\(x\)/sizeof\(\(x\)[0]\)\)) 209.689 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0348 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0349 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 03) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/x86.h  Page 1) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0350 // Special assembly routines to access x86-specific) 33.712 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0351 // hardware instructions.) 18.06 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0352 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0353 static __inline uchar) 15.652 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0354 inb\(int port\)) 10.836 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0355 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
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-0 -13.0909 Td
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-0 -26.1818 Td
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-0 -32.7273 Td
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-0 -53.6727 Td
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-(0394 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(0396 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(0397 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0398 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0399 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 03) 4.816 Tj
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+0 0 Td
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+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0351 // hardware instructions.) 131.055 Tj
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+(0365   asm volatile\("cld\\n\\trepne\\n\\tinsl"     :) 209.689 Tj
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+(0366                    "=D" \(addr\), "=c" \(cnt\)    :) 227.163 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0367                    "d" \(port\), "0" \(addr\), "1" \(cnt\)\
+  :) 262.111 Tj
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+(0368                    "memory", "cc"\);) 174.741 Tj
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+(0373 {) 26.2111 Tj
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+(0374   asm volatile\("out %0,%1" : : "a" \(data\), "d" \(port\)\
+\);) 262.111 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0375 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0376 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+0 -313.281 Td
+(0380   asm volatile\("out %0,%1" : : "a" \(data\), "d" \(port\)\
+\);) 262.111 Tj
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+0 -332.268 Td
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+0 -379.734 Td
+(0387                    "=S" \(addr\), "=c" \(cnt\)    :) 227.163 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0388                    "d" \(port\), "0" \(addr\), "1" \(cnt\)\
+  :) 262.111 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0389                    "cc"\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
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+(0393 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(0398 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(0399 ) 21.8426 Tj
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-0 -17.0182 Td
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-0 -61.5272 Td
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-(0447 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(0409   pd[2] = \(uint\)p >> 16;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0410 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(0413 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+0 -199.361 Td
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+(0420 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(0421   pd[0] = size-1;) 96.1073 Tj
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+(0423   pd[2] = \(uint\)p >> 16;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0424 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(0425   asm volatile\("lidt \(%0\)" : : "r" \(pd\)\);) 200.952 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0426 }) 26.2111 Tj
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+(0427 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(0430 {) 26.2111 Tj
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+(0436 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0437   uint eflags;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0438   asm volatile\("pushfl; popl %0" : "=r" \(eflags\)\);) 240.268 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0439   return eflags;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
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+(0441 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0442 static inline void) 100.476 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0443 write_eflags\(uint eflags\)) 131.055 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0444 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0445   asm volatile\("pushl %0; popfl" : : "r" \(eflags\)\);) 244.637 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0446 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0447 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(0448 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(0449 ) 21.8426 Tj
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 Q
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 180 500 5760 3460 re
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 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
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-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
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-(0452 {) 3.612 Tj
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-(0453   uint eax, ebx, ecx, edx;) 18.662 Tj
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-(0454   asm volatile\("cpuid" :) 17.458 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0455                "=a" \(eax\), "=b" \(ebx\), "=c" \(ecx\), "=d" \(edx\) :) 40.936 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
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-0 -27.4909 Td
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-0 -31.4182 Td
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-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0472                        "+m" \(*lock_addr\), "=a" \(result\) :) 37.324 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0473                        "r"\(newval\), "1"\(oldval\) :) 32.508 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0474                        "cc"\);) 20.468 Tj
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-(0475   return result;) 12.642 Tj
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-(Sheet 04) 4.816 Tj
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+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/x86.h  Page 3) 157.267 Tj
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+(0450 static inline void) 100.476 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0451 cpuid\(uint info, uint *eaxp, uint *ebxp, uint *ecxp, uint\
+ *edxp\)) 301.427 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
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+(0453   uint eax, ebx, ecx, edx;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0454 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0455   asm volatile\("cpuid" :) 126.687 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0456                "=a" \(eax\), "=b" \(ebx\), "=c" \(ecx\), "\
+=d" \(edx\) :) 297.059 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0457                "a" \(info\)\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0458   if\(eaxp\)) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0459     *eaxp = eax;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0460   if\(ebxp\)) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0461     *ebxp = ebx;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0462   if\(ecxp\)) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0463     *ecxp = ecx;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0464   if\(edxp\)) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0465     *edxp = edx;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0466 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0467 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0468 static inline uint) 100.476 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0469 cmpxchg\(uint oldval, uint newval, volatile uint* lock_add\
+r\)) 279.585 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0470 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0471   uint result;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0472 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0473   // The + in "+m" denotes a read-modify-write operand.) 262.111 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0474   asm volatile\("lock; cmpxchgl %2, %0" :) 196.583 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0475                        "+m" \(*lock_addr\), "=a" \(result\)\
+ :) 270.848 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0476                        "r"\(newval\), "1"\(oldval\) :) 235.9 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0477                        "cc"\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0478   return result;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0479 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0480 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0481 static inline void) 100.476 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0482 cli\(void\)) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0483 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0484   asm volatile\("cli"\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0485 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0486 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0487 static inline void) 100.476 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0488 sti\(void\)) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0489 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0490   asm volatile\("sti"\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0491 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0492 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0493 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0494 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0495 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0496 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0497 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0498 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0499 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 04) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -4720,7 +4897,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 12 12
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -4728,241 +4908,265 @@ __tumble pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/x86.h  Page 4) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0500 // Layout of the trap frame on the stack upon entry to trap.) 39.13 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0501 struct trapframe {) 13.846 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0502   // registers as pushed by pusha) 22.876 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0503   uint edi;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0504   uint esi;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0505   uint ebp;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0506   uint oesp;      // useless & ignored) 25.886 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0507   uint ebx;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0508   uint edx;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0509   uint ecx;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0510   uint eax;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0511 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0512   // rest of trap frame) 16.856 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0513   ushort es;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0514   ushort padding1;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0515   ushort ds;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0516   ushort padding2;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0517   uint trapno;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0518 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0519   // below here defined by x86 hardware) 26.488 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0520   uint err;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0521   uint eip;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0522   ushort cs;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0523   ushort padding3;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0524   uint eflags;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0525 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0526   // below here only when crossing rings, such as from user to kernel) 44.548 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0527   uint esp;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0528   ushort ss;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0529   ushort padding4;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0530 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0531 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0532 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0533 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0534 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0535 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0536 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0537 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0538 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0539 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0540 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0541 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0542 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0543 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0544 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0545 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0546 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0547 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0548 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0549 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 05) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/x86.h  Page 4) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0500 // Layout of the trap frame on the stack upon entry to tra\
+p.) 283.953 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0501 struct trapframe {) 100.476 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0502   // registers as pushed by pusha) 166.004 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0503   uint edi;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0504   uint esi;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0505   uint ebp;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0506   uint oesp;      // useless & ignored) 187.846 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0507   uint ebx;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0508   uint edx;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0509   uint ecx;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0510   uint eax;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0511 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0512   // rest of trap frame) 122.318 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0513   ushort es;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0514   ushort padding1;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0515   ushort ds;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0516   ushort padding2;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0517   uint trapno;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0518 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0519   // below here defined by x86 hardware) 192.215 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0520   uint err;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0521   uint eip;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0522   ushort cs;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0523   ushort padding3;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0524   uint eflags;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0525 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0526   // below here only when crossing rings, such as from use\
+r to kernel) 323.27 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0527   uint esp;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0528   ushort ss;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0529   ushort padding4;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0530 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0531 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0532 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0533 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0534 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0535 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0536 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0537 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0538 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0539 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0540 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0541 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0542 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0543 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0544 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0545 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0546 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0547 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0548 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0549 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 05) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/asm.h  Page 1) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0550 //) 4.214 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0551 // macros to create x86 segments from assembler) 31.304 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0552 //) 4.214 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0553 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0554 #define SEG_NULLASM                                             \\) 42.14 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0555         .word 0, 0;                                             \\) 42.14 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0556         .byte 0, 0, 0, 0) 17.458 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0557 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0558 #define SEG_ASM\(type,base,lim\)                                  \\) 42.14 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0559         .word \(\(\(lim\) >> 12\) & 0xffff\), \(\(base\) & 0xffff\);      \\) 42.14 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0560         .byte \(\(\(base\) >> 16\) & 0xff\), \(0x90 | \(type\)\),         \\) 42.14 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0561                 \(0xC0 | \(\(\(lim\) >> 28\) & 0xf\)\), \(\(\(base\) >> 24\) & 0xff\)) 45.752 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0562 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0563 #define STA_X     0x8       // Executable segment) 32.508 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0564 #define STA_E     0x4       // Expand down \(non-executable segments\)) 43.946 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0565 #define STA_C     0x4       // Conforming code segment \(executable only\)) 46.354 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0566 #define STA_W     0x2       // Writeable \(non-executable segments\)) 42.742 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0567 #define STA_R     0x2       // Readable \(executable segments\)) 39.732 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0568 #define STA_A     0x1       // Accessed) 26.488 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0569 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0570 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0571 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0572 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0573 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0574 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0575 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0576 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0577 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0578 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0579 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0580 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0581 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0582 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0583 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0584 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0585 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0586 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0587 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0588 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0589 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0590 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0591 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0592 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0593 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0594 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0595 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0596 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0597 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0598 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0599 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 05) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/asm.h  Page 1) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0550 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0551 // macros to create x86 segments from assembler) 227.163 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0552 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0553 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0554 #define SEG_NULLASM                                       \
+      \\) 305.796 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0555         .word 0, 0;                                       \
+      \\) 305.796 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0556         .byte 0, 0, 0, 0) 126.687 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0557 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0558 #define SEG_ASM\(type,base,lim\)                          \
+        \\) 305.796 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0559         .word \(\(\(lim\) >> 12\) & 0xffff\), \(\(base\) &\
+ 0xffff\);      \\) 305.796 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0560         .byte \(\(\(base\) >> 16\) & 0xff\), \(0x90 | \(ty\
+pe\)\),         \\) 305.796 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0561                 \(0xC0 | \(\(\(lim\) >> 28\) & 0xf\)\), \(\
+\(\(base\) >> 24\) & 0xff\)) 332.007 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0562 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0563 #define STA_X     0x8       // Executable segment) 235.9 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0564 #define STA_E     0x4       // Expand down \(non-executabl\
+e segments\)) 318.902 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0565 #define STA_C     0x4       // Conforming code segment \(e\
+xecutable only\)) 336.376 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0566 #define STA_W     0x2       // Writeable \(non-executable \
+segments\)) 310.165 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0567 #define STA_R     0x2       // Readable \(executable segme\
+nts\)) 288.322 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0568 #define STA_A     0x1       // Accessed) 192.215 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0569 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0570 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0571 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0572 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0573 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0574 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0575 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0576 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0577 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0578 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0579 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0580 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0581 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0582 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0583 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0584 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0585 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0586 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0587 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0588 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0589 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0590 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0591 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0592 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0593 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0594 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0595 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0596 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0597 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0598 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0599 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 05) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -4974,6 +5178,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -4981,241 +5188,277 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mmu.h  Page 1) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0600 // This file contains definitions for the) 27.692 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0601 // x86 memory management unit \(MMU\).) 24.682 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0602 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0603 // Eflags register) 13.846 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0604 #define FL_CF           0x00000001      // Carry Flag) 34.916 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0605 #define FL_PF           0x00000004      // Parity Flag) 35.518 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0606 #define FL_AF           0x00000010      // Auxiliary carry Flag) 40.936 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0607 #define FL_ZF           0x00000040      // Zero Flag) 34.314 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0608 #define FL_SF           0x00000080      // Sign Flag) 34.314 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0609 #define FL_TF           0x00000100      // Trap Flag) 34.314 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0610 #define FL_IF           0x00000200      // Interrupt Enable) 38.528 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0611 #define FL_DF           0x00000400      // Direction Flag) 37.324 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0612 #define FL_OF           0x00000800      // Overflow Flag) 36.722 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0613 #define FL_IOPL_MASK    0x00003000      // I/O Privilege Level bitmask) 45.15 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0614 #define FL_IOPL_0       0x00000000      //   IOPL == 0) 35.518 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0615 #define FL_IOPL_1       0x00001000      //   IOPL == 1) 35.518 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0616 #define FL_IOPL_2       0x00002000      //   IOPL == 2) 35.518 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0617 #define FL_IOPL_3       0x00003000      //   IOPL == 3) 35.518 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0618 #define FL_NT           0x00004000      // Nested Task) 35.518 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0619 #define FL_RF           0x00010000      // Resume Flag) 35.518 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0620 #define FL_VM           0x00020000      // Virtual 8086 mode) 39.13 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0621 #define FL_AC           0x00040000      // Alignment Check) 37.926 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0622 #define FL_VIF          0x00080000      // Virtual Interrupt Flag) 42.14 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0623 #define FL_VIP          0x00100000      // Virtual Interrupt Pending) 43.946 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0624 #define FL_ID           0x00200000      // ID flag) 33.11 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0625 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0626 // Segment Descriptor) 15.652 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0627 struct segdesc {) 12.642 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0628   uint lim_15_0 : 16;  // Low bits of segment limit) 33.712 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0629   uint base_15_0 : 16; // Low bits of segment base address) 37.926 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0630   uint base_23_16 : 8; // Middle bits of segment base address) 39.732 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0631   uint type : 4;       // Segment type \(see STS_ constants\)) 38.528 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0632   uint s : 1;          // 0 = system, 1 = application) 34.916 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0633   uint dpl : 2;        // Descriptor Privilege Level) 34.314 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0634   uint p : 1;          // Present) 22.876 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0635   uint lim_19_16 : 4;  // High bits of segment limit) 34.314 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0636   uint avl : 1;        // Unused \(available for software use\)) 39.732 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0637   uint rsv1 : 1;       // Reserved) 23.478 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0638   uint db : 1;         // 0 = 16-bit segment, 1 = 32-bit segment) 41.538 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0639   uint g : 1;          // Granularity: limit scaled by 4K when set) 42.742 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0640   uint base_31_24 : 8; // High bits of segment base address) 38.528 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0641 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0642 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0643 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0644 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0645 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0646 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0647 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0648 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0649 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 06) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/mmu.h  Page 1) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0600 // This file contains definitions for the) 200.952 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0601 // x86 memory management unit \(MMU\).) 179.109 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0602 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0603 // Eflags register) 100.476 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0604 #define FL_CF           0x00000001      // Carry Flag) 253.374 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0605 #define FL_PF           0x00000004      // Parity Flag) 257.742 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0606 #define FL_AF           0x00000010      // Auxiliary carry\
+ Flag) 297.059 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0607 #define FL_ZF           0x00000040      // Zero Flag) 249.005 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0608 #define FL_SF           0x00000080      // Sign Flag) 249.005 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0609 #define FL_TF           0x00000100      // Trap Flag) 249.005 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0610 #define FL_IF           0x00000200      // Interrupt Enabl\
+e) 279.585 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0611 #define FL_DF           0x00000400      // Direction Flag) 270.848 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0612 #define FL_OF           0x00000800      // Overflow Flag) 266.479 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0613 #define FL_IOPL_MASK    0x00003000      // I/O Privilege L\
+evel bitmask) 327.639 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0614 #define FL_IOPL_0       0x00000000      //   IOPL == 0) 257.742 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0615 #define FL_IOPL_1       0x00001000      //   IOPL == 1) 257.742 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0616 #define FL_IOPL_2       0x00002000      //   IOPL == 2) 257.742 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0617 #define FL_IOPL_3       0x00003000      //   IOPL == 3) 257.742 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0618 #define FL_NT           0x00004000      // Nested Task) 257.742 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0619 #define FL_RF           0x00010000      // Resume Flag) 257.742 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0620 #define FL_VM           0x00020000      // Virtual 8086 mo\
+de) 283.953 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0621 #define FL_AC           0x00040000      // Alignment Check) 275.216 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0622 #define FL_VIF          0x00080000      // Virtual Interru\
+pt Flag) 305.796 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0623 #define FL_VIP          0x00100000      // Virtual Interru\
+pt Pending) 318.902 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0624 #define FL_ID           0x00200000      // ID flag) 240.268 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0625 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0626 // Segment Descriptor) 113.581 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0627 struct segdesc {) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0628   uint lim_15_0 : 16;  // Low bits of segment limit) 244.637 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0629   uint base_15_0 : 16; // Low bits of segment base address) 275.216 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0630   uint base_23_16 : 8; // Middle bits of segment base addr\
+ess) 288.322 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0631   uint type : 4;       // Segment type \(see STS_ constant\
+s\)) 279.585 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0632   uint s : 1;          // 0 = system, 1 = application) 253.374 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0633   uint dpl : 2;        // Descriptor Privilege Level) 249.005 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0634   uint p : 1;          // Present) 166.004 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0635   uint lim_19_16 : 4;  // High bits of segment limit) 249.005 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0636   uint avl : 1;        // Unused \(available for software \
+use\)) 288.322 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0637   uint rsv1 : 1;       // Reserved) 170.372 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0638   uint db : 1;         // 0 = 16-bit segment, 1 = 32-bit s\
+egment) 301.427 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0639   uint g : 1;          // Granularity: limit scaled by 4K \
+when set) 310.165 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0640   uint base_31_24 : 8; // High bits of segment base addres\
+s) 279.585 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0641 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0642 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0643 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0644 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0645 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0646 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0647 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0648 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0649 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 06) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mmu.h  Page 2) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0650 // Null segment) 12.04 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0651 #define SEG_NULL        \(struct segdesc\){ 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 }) 44.548 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0652 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0653 // Normal segment) 13.244 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0654 #define SEG\(type, base, lim, dpl\) \(struct segdesc\)                      \\) 46.956 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0655 { \(\(lim\) >> 12\) & 0xffff, \(base\) & 0xffff, \(\(base\) >> 16\) & 0xff,       \\) 46.956 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0656     type, 1, dpl, 1, \(uint\) \(lim\) >> 28, 0, 0, 1, 1,            \\) 42.14 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0657     \(uint\) \(base\) >> 24 }) 18.06 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0658 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0659 #define SEG16\(type, base, lim, dpl\) \(struct segdesc\)                    \\) 46.956 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0660 { \(lim\) & 0xffff, \(base\) & 0xffff, \(\(base\) >> 16\) & 0xff,               \\) 46.956 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0661     type, 1, dpl, 1, \(uint\) \(lim\) >> 16, 0, 0, 1, 0,            \\) 42.14 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0662     \(uint\) \(base\) >> 24 }) 18.06 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0663 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0664 // Application segment type bits) 22.274 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0665 #define STA_X       0x8     // Executable segment) 32.508 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0666 #define STA_E       0x4     // Expand down \(non-executable segments\)) 43.946 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0667 #define STA_C       0x4     // Conforming code segment \(executable only\)) 46.354 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0668 #define STA_W       0x2     // Writeable \(non-executable segments\)) 42.742 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0669 #define STA_R       0x2     // Readable \(executable segments\)) 39.732 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0670 #define STA_A       0x1     // Accessed) 26.488 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0671 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0672 // System segment type bits) 19.264 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0673 #define STS_T16A    0x1     // Available 16-bit TSS) 33.712 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0674 #define STS_LDT     0x2     // Local Descriptor Table) 34.916 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0675 #define STS_T16B    0x3     // Busy 16-bit TSS) 30.702 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0676 #define STS_CG16    0x4     // 16-bit Call Gate) 31.304 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0677 #define STS_TG      0x5     // Task Gate / Coum Transmitions) 39.13 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0678 #define STS_IG16    0x6     // 16-bit Interrupt Gate) 34.314 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0679 #define STS_TG16    0x7     // 16-bit Trap Gate) 31.304 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0680 #define STS_T32A    0x9     // Available 32-bit TSS) 33.712 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0681 #define STS_T32B    0xB     // Busy 32-bit TSS) 30.702 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0682 #define STS_CG32    0xC     // 32-bit Call Gate) 31.304 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0683 #define STS_IG32    0xE     // 32-bit Interrupt Gate) 34.314 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0684 #define STS_TG32    0xF     // 32-bit Trap Gate) 31.304 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0685 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0686 // Task state segment format) 19.866 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0687 struct taskstate {) 13.846 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0688   uint link;      // Old ts selector) 24.682 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0689   uint esp0;      // Stack pointers and segment selectors) 37.324 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0690   ushort ss0;     //   after an increase in privilege level) 38.528 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0691   ushort padding1;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0692   uint *esp1;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0693   ushort ss1;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0694   ushort padding2;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0695   uint *esp2;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0696   ushort ss2;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0697   ushort padding3;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0698   void *cr3;     // Page directory base) 26.488 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0699   uint *eip;     // Saved state from last task switch) 34.916 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 06) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/mmu.h  Page 2) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0650 // Null segment) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0651 #define SEG_NULL        \(struct segdesc\){ 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,\
+0,0,0,0,0,0 }) 323.27 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0652 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0653 // Normal segment) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0654 #define SEG\(type, base, lim, dpl\) \(struct segdesc\)    \
+                  \\) 340.744 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0655 { \(\(lim\) >> 12\) & 0xffff, \(base\) & 0xffff, \(\(base\)\
+ >> 16\) & 0xff,       \\) 340.744 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0656     type, 1, dpl, 1, \(uint\) \(lim\) >> 28, 0, 0, 1, 1,  \
+                  \\) 340.744 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0657     \(uint\) \(base\) >> 24 }) 131.055 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0658 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0659 #define SEG16\(type, base, lim, dpl\) \(struct segdesc\)  \
+                  \\) 340.744 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0660 { \(lim\) & 0xffff, \(base\) & 0xffff, \(\(base\) >> 16\) \
+& 0xff,               \\) 340.744 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0661     type, 1, dpl, 1, \(uint\) \(lim\) >> 16, 0, 0, 1, 0,  \
+                  \\) 340.744 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0662     \(uint\) \(base\) >> 24 }) 131.055 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0663 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0664 #define DPL_USER    0x3     // User DPL) 192.215 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0665 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0666 // Application segment type bits) 161.635 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0667 #define STA_X       0x8     // Executable segment) 235.9 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0668 #define STA_E       0x4     // Expand down \(non-executabl\
+e segments\)) 318.902 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0669 #define STA_C       0x4     // Conforming code segment \(e\
+xecutable only\)) 336.376 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0670 #define STA_W       0x2     // Writeable \(non-executable \
+segments\)) 310.165 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0671 #define STA_R       0x2     // Readable \(executable segme\
+nts\)) 288.322 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0672 #define STA_A       0x1     // Accessed) 192.215 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0673 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0674 // System segment type bits) 139.792 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0675 #define STS_T16A    0x1     // Available 16-bit TSS) 244.637 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0676 #define STS_LDT     0x2     // Local Descriptor Table) 253.374 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0677 #define STS_T16B    0x3     // Busy 16-bit TSS) 222.794 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0678 #define STS_CG16    0x4     // 16-bit Call Gate) 227.163 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0679 #define STS_TG      0x5     // Task Gate / Coum Transmitio\
+ns) 283.953 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0680 #define STS_IG16    0x6     // 16-bit Interrupt Gate) 249.005 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0681 #define STS_TG16    0x7     // 16-bit Trap Gate) 227.163 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0682 #define STS_T32A    0x9     // Available 32-bit TSS) 244.637 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0683 #define STS_T32B    0xB     // Busy 32-bit TSS) 222.794 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0684 #define STS_CG32    0xC     // 32-bit Call Gate) 227.163 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0685 #define STS_IG32    0xE     // 32-bit Interrupt Gate) 249.005 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0686 #define STS_TG32    0xF     // 32-bit Trap Gate) 227.163 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0687 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0688 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0689 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0690 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0691 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0692 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0693 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0694 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0695 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0696 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0697 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0698 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0699 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 06) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -5226,7 +5469,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 14 14
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -5234,241 +5480,276 @@ __tumble pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mmu.h  Page 3) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0700   uint eflags;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0701   uint eax;       // More saved state \(registers\)) 32.508 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0702   uint ecx;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0703   uint edx;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0704   uint ebx;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0705   uint *esp;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0706   uint *ebp;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0707   uint esi;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0708   uint edi;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0709   ushort es;              // Even more saved state \(segment selectors\)) 45.15 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0710   ushort padding4;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0711   ushort cs;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0712   ushort padding5;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0713   ushort ss;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0714   ushort padding6;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0715   ushort ds;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0716   ushort padding7;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0717   ushort fs;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0718   ushort padding8;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0719   ushort gs;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0720   ushort padding9;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0721   ushort ldt;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0722   ushort padding10;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0723   ushort t;               // Trap on task switch) 31.906 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0724   ushort iomb;    // I/O map base address) 27.692 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0725 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0726 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0727 // Gate descriptors for interrupts and traps) 29.498 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0728 struct gatedesc {) 13.244 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0729   uint off_15_0 : 16;   // low 16 bits of offset in segment) 38.528 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0730   uint ss : 16;         // segment selector) 28.896 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0731   uint args : 5;        // # args, 0 for interrupt/trap gates) 39.732 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0732   uint rsv1 : 3;        // reserved\(should be zero I guess\)) 38.528 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0733   uint type : 4;        // type\(STS_{TG,IG32,TG32}\)) 33.712 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0734   uint s : 1;           // must be 0 \(system\)) 30.1 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0735   uint dpl : 2;         // descriptor\(meaning new\) privilege level) 42.742 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0736   uint p : 1;           // Present) 23.478 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0737   uint off_31_16 : 16;  // high bits of offset in segment) 37.324 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0738 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0739 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0740 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0741 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0742 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0743 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0744 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0745 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0746 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0747 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0748 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0749 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 07) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/mmu.h  Page 3) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0700 // Task state segment format) 144.161 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0701 struct taskstate {) 100.476 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0702   uint link;         // Old ts selector) 192.215 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0703   uint esp0;         // Stack pointers and segment selecto\
+rs) 283.953 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0704   ushort ss0;        //   after an increase in privilege l\
+evel) 292.69 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0705   ushort padding1;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0706   uint *esp1;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0707   ushort ss1;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0708   ushort padding2;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0709   uint *esp2;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0710   ushort ss2;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0711   ushort padding3;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0712   void *cr3;         // Page directory base) 209.689 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0713   uint *eip;         // Saved state from last task switch) 270.848 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0714   uint eflags;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0715   uint eax;          // More saved state \(registers\)) 249.005 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0716   uint ecx;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0717   uint edx;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0718   uint ebx;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0719   uint *esp;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0720   uint *ebp;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0721   uint esi;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0722   uint edi;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0723   ushort es;         // Even more saved state \(segment se\
+lectors\)) 305.796 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0724   ushort padding4;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0725   ushort cs;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0726   ushort padding5;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0727   ushort ss;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0728   ushort padding6;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0729   ushort ds;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0730   ushort padding7;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0731   ushort fs;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0732   ushort padding8;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0733   ushort gs;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0734   ushort padding9;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0735   ushort ldt;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0736   ushort padding10;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0737   ushort t;          // Trap on task switch) 209.689 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0738   ushort iomb;       // I/O map base address) 214.057 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0739 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0740 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0741 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0742 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0743 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0744 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0745 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0746 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0747 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0748 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0749 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 07) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mmu.h  Page 4) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0750 // Set up a normal interrupt/trap gate descriptor.) 33.11 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0751 // - istrap: 1 for a trap \(= exception\) gate, 0 for an interrupt gate.) 45.15 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0752 //   interrupt gate clears FL_IF, trap gate leaves FL_IF alone) 40.334 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0753 // - sel: Code segment selector for interrupt/trap handler) 37.926 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0754 // - off: Offset in code segment for interrupt/trap handler) 38.528 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0755 // - dpl: Descriptor Privilege Level -) 25.886 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0756 //        the privilege level required for software to invoke) 39.732 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0757 //        this interrupt/trap gate explicitly using an int instruction.) 45.752 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0758 #define SETGATE\(gate, istrap, sel, off, d\)                      \\) 42.14 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0759 {                                                               \\) 42.14 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0760   \(gate\).off_15_0 = \(uint\) \(off\) & 0xffff;                \\) 38.528 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0761   \(gate\).ss = \(sel\);                                      \\) 38.528 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0762   \(gate\).args = 0;                                        \\) 38.528 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0763   \(gate\).rsv1 = 0;                                        \\) 38.528 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0764   \(gate\).type = \(istrap\) ? STS_TG32 : STS_IG32;   \\) 33.712 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0765   \(gate\).s = 0;                                   \\) 33.712 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0766   \(gate\).dpl = \(d\);                                       \\) 38.528 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0767   \(gate\).p = 1;                                   \\) 33.712 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0768   \(gate\).off_31_16 = \(uint\) \(off\) >> 16;          \\) 33.712 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0769 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0770 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0771 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0772 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0773 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0774 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0775 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0776 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0777 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0778 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0779 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0780 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0781 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0782 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0783 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0784 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0785 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0786 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0787 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0788 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0789 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0790 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0791 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0792 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0793 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0794 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0795 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0796 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0797 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0798 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0799 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 07) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/mmu.h  Page 4) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0750 // Gate descriptors for interrupts and traps) 214.057 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0751 struct gatedesc {) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0752   uint off_15_0 : 16;   // low 16 bits of offset in segmen\
+t) 279.585 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0753   uint ss : 16;         // segment selector) 209.689 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0754   uint args : 5;        // # args, 0 for interrupt/trap ga\
+tes) 288.322 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0755   uint rsv1 : 3;        // reserved\(should be zero I gues\
+s\)) 279.585 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0756   uint type : 4;        // type\(STS_{TG,IG32,TG32}\)) 244.637 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0757   uint s : 1;           // must be 0 \(system\)) 218.426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0758   uint dpl : 2;         // descriptor\(meaning new\) privi\
+lege level) 310.165 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0759   uint p : 1;           // Present) 170.372 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0760   uint off_31_16 : 16;  // high bits of offset in segment) 270.848 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0761 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0762 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0763 // Set up a normal interrupt/trap gate descriptor.) 240.268 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0764 // - istrap: 1 for a trap \(= exception\) gate, 0 for an i\
+nterrupt gate.) 327.639 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0765 //   interrupt gate clears FL_IF, trap gate leaves FL_IF a\
+lone) 292.69 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0766 // - sel: Code segment selector for interrupt/trap handler) 275.216 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0767 // - off: Offset in code segment for interrupt/trap handle\
+r) 279.585 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0768 // - dpl: Descriptor Privilege Level -) 187.846 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0769 //        the privilege level required for software to inv\
+oke) 288.322 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0770 //        this interrupt/trap gate explicitly using an int\
+ instruction.) 332.007 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0771 #define SETGATE\(gate, istrap, sel, off, d\)              \
+  \\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0772 {                                                         \
+\\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0773   \(gate\).off_15_0 = \(uint\) \(off\) & 0xffff;          \
+      \\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0774   \(gate\).ss = \(sel\);                                  \
+    \\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0775   \(gate\).args = 0;                                      \
+  \\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0776   \(gate\).rsv1 = 0;                                      \
+  \\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0777   \(gate\).type = \(istrap\) ? STS_TG32 : STS_IG32;       \
+    \\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0778   \(gate\).s = 0;                                         \
+  \\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0779   \(gate\).dpl = \(d\);                                   \
+    \\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0780   \(gate\).p = 1;                                         \
+  \\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0781   \(gate\).off_31_16 = \(uint\) \(off\) >> 16;            \
+      \\) 279.585 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0782 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0783 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0784 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0785 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0786 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0787 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0788 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0789 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0790 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0791 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0792 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0793 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0794 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0795 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0796 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0797 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0798 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0799 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 07) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -5480,6 +5761,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -5487,241 +5771,254 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/elf.h  Page 1) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0800 // Format of an ELF executable file) 24.08 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0801 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0802 #define ELF_MAGIC 0x464C457FU  // "\\x7FELF" in little endian) 39.13 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0803 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0804 // File header) 11.438 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0805 struct elfhdr {) 12.04 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0806   uint magic;  // must equal ELF_MAGIC) 25.886 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0807   uchar elf[12];) 12.642 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0808   ushort type;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0809   ushort machine;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0810   uint version;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0811   uint entry;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0812   uint phoff;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0813   uint shoff;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0814   uint flags;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0815   ushort ehsize;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0816   ushort phentsize;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0817   ushort phnum;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0818   ushort shentsize;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
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-0 -30.1091 Td
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-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0821 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
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-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0823 // Program section header) 18.06 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0824 struct proghdr {) 12.642 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0825   uint type;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
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-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0827   uint va;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
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-0 -41.8909 Td
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-0 -43.2 Td
-(0830   uint memsz;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
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-0 -45.8182 Td
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-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0833 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0834 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0835 // Values for Proghdr type) 18.662 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0836 #define ELF_PROG_LOAD           1) 22.876 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0837 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0838 // Flag bits for Proghdr flags) 21.07 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0839 #define ELF_PROG_FLAG_EXEC      1) 22.876 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0840 #define ELF_PROG_FLAG_WRITE     2) 22.876 Tj
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-(0841 #define ELF_PROG_FLAG_READ      4) 22.876 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0842 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
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-0 -61.5272 Td
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-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0848 ) 3.01 Tj
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-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 08) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/elf.h  Page 1) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0800 // Format of an ELF executable file) 174.741 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0801 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0802 #define ELF_MAGIC 0x464C457FU  // "\\x7FELF" in little end\
+ian) 283.953 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0803 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0804 // File header) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0805 struct elfhdr {) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0806   uint magic;  // must equal ELF_MAGIC) 187.846 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0807   uchar elf[12];) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0808   ushort type;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0809   ushort machine;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0810   uint version;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0811   uint entry;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0812   uint phoff;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0813   uint shoff;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0814   uint flags;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0815   ushort ehsize;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0816   ushort phentsize;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0817   ushort phnum;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0818   ushort shentsize;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0819   ushort shnum;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0820   ushort shstrndx;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0821 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0822 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0823 // Program section header) 131.055 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0824 struct proghdr {) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0825   uint type;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0826   uint offset;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0827   uint va;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0828   uint pa;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0829   uint filesz;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0830   uint memsz;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0831   uint flags;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0832   uint align;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0833 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0834 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0835 // Values for Proghdr type) 135.424 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0836 #define ELF_PROG_LOAD           1) 166.004 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0837 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0838 // Flag bits for Proghdr flags) 152.898 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0839 #define ELF_PROG_FLAG_EXEC      1) 166.004 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0840 #define ELF_PROG_FLAG_WRITE     2) 166.004 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0841 #define ELF_PROG_FLAG_READ      4) 166.004 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0842 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0843 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0844 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0845 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0846 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0847 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0848 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0849 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 08) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.h  Page 1) 21.07 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0850 // See MultiProcessor Specification Version 1.[14].) 33.712 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0851 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0852 struct mp {             // floating pointer) 28.896 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0853   uchar signature[4];           // "_MP_") 27.692 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0854   void *physaddr;               // phys addr of MP config table) 40.936 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0855   uchar length;                 // 1) 24.682 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0856   uchar specrev;                // [14]) 26.488 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0857   uchar checksum;               // all bytes must add up to 0) 39.732 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0858   uchar type;                   // MP system config type) 36.722 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0859   uchar imcrp;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0860   uchar reserved[3];) 15.05 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0861 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0862 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0863 struct mpctb {          // configuration table header) 34.916 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0864   uchar signature[4];           // "PCMP") 27.692 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0865   ushort length;                // total table length) 34.916 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0866   uchar version;                // [14]) 26.488 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0867   uchar checksum;               // all bytes must add up to 0) 39.732 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0868   uchar product[20];            // product id) 30.1 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0869   uint *oemtable;               // OEM table pointer) 34.314 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0870   ushort oemlength;             // OEM table length) 33.712 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0871   ushort entry;                 // entry count) 30.702 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0872   uint *lapicaddr;              // address of local APIC) 36.722 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0873   ushort xlength;               // extended table length) 36.722 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0874   uchar xchecksum;              // extended table checksum) 37.926 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0875   uchar reserved;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0876 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0877 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0878 struct mppe {           // processor table entry) 31.906 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0879   uchar type;                   // entry type \(0\)) 32.508 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0880   uchar apicid;                 // local APIC id) 31.906 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0881   uchar version;                // local APIC verison) 34.916 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0882   uchar flags;                  // CPU flags) 29.498 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0883   uchar signature[4];           // CPU signature) 31.906 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0884   uint feature;                 // feature flags from CPUID instruction) 45.752 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0885   uchar reserved[8];) 15.05 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0886 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0887 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0888 struct mpbe {           // bus table entry) 28.294 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0889   uchar type;                   // entry type \(1\)) 32.508 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0890   uchar busno;                  // bus id) 27.692 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0891   char string[6];               // bus type string) 33.11 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0892 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0893 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0894 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0895 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0896 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0897 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0898 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0899 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 08) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/elf.h  Page 2) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0850 // Blank page.) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0851 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0852 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0853 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0854 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0855 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0856 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0857 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0858 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0859 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0860 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0861 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0862 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0863 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0864 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0865 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0866 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0867 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0868 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0869 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0870 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0871 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0872 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0873 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0874 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0875 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0876 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0877 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0878 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0879 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0880 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0881 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0882 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0883 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0884 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0885 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0886 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0887 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0888 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0889 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0890 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0891 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0892 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0893 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0894 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0895 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0896 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0897 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0898 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0899 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 08) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -5732,7 +6029,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 16 16
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -5740,241 +6040,269 @@ __tumble pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.h  Page 2) 21.07 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0900 struct mpioapic {       // I/O APIC table entry) 31.304 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0901   uchar type;                   // entry type \(2\)) 32.508 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0902   uchar apicno;                 // I/O APIC id) 30.702 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0903   uchar version;                // I/O APIC version) 33.712 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0904   uchar flags;                  // I/O APIC flags) 32.508 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0905   uint *addr;                  // I/O APIC address) 33.11 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0906 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0907 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0908 struct mpie {           // interrupt table entry) 31.906 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0909   uchar type;                   // entry type \([34]\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0910   uchar intr;                   // interrupt type) 32.508 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0911   ushort flags;                 // interrupt flag) 32.508 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0912   uchar busno;                  // source bus id) 31.906 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0913   uchar irq;                    // source bus irq) 32.508 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0914   uchar apicno;                 // destination APIC id) 35.518 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0915   uchar intin;                  // destination APIC [L]INTIN#) 39.732 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0916 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0917 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0918 enum {                  // table entry types) 29.498 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0919   MPPROCESSOR   = 0x00,         // one entry per processor) 37.926 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0920   MPBUS = 0x01,                 // one entry per bus) 34.314 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0921   MPIOAPIC = 0x02,              // one entry per I/O APIC) 37.324 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0922   MPIOINTR = 0x03,              // one entry per bus interrupt source) 44.548 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0923   MPLINTR = 0x04,               // one entry per system interrupt source) 46.354 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0924 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0925   MPSASM = 0x80,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0926   MPHIERARCHY   = 0x81,) 16.856 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0927   MPCBASM = 0x82,) 13.244 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0928 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0929                         // PCMPprocessor and PCMPioapic flags) 39.732 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0930   MPEN = 0x01,                  // enabled) 28.294 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0931   MPBP = 0x02,                  // bootstrap processor) 35.518 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0932 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0933                         // PCMPiointr and PCMPlintr flags) 37.324 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0934   MPPOMASK = 0x03,              // polarity conforms to bus specs) 42.14 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0935   MPHIGH = 0x01,                // active high) 30.702 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0936   MPLOW = 0x03,                 // active low) 30.1 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0937   MPELMASK = 0x0C,              // trigger mode of APIC input signals) 44.548 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0938   MPEDGE = 0x04,                // edge-triggered) 32.508 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0939   MPLEVEL = 0x0C,               // level-triggered) 33.11 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0940 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0941                         // PCMPiointr and PCMPlintr interrupt type) 42.742 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0942   MPINT = 0x00,                 // vectored interrupt from APIC Rdt) 43.344 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0943   MPNMI = 0x01,                 // non-maskable interrupt) 37.324 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0944   MPSMI = 0x02,                 // system management interrupt) 40.334 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0945   MPExtINT = 0x03,              // vectored interrupt from external PIC) 45.752 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0946 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0947 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0948 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0949 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 09) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/bootasm.S  Page 1) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0900 #include "asm.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0901 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0902 # Start the first CPU: switch to 32-bit protected mode, ju\
+mp into C.) 318.902 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0903 # The BIOS loads this code from the first sector of the ha\
+rd disk into) 327.639 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0904 # memory at physical address 0x7c00 and starts executing i\
+n real mode) 323.27 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0905 # with %cs=0 %ip=7c00.) 117.95 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0906 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0907 .set PROT_MODE_CSEG, 0x8         # kernel code segment sel\
+ector) 297.059 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0908 .set PROT_MODE_DSEG, 0x10        # kernel data segment sel\
+ector) 297.059 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0909 .set CR0_PE_ON,      0x1         # protected mode enable f\
+lag) 288.322 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0910 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0911 .globl start) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0912 start:) 48.0537 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0913   .code16                     # Assemble for 16-bit mode) 266.479 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0914   cli                         # Disable interrupts) 240.268 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0915   cld                         # String operations incremen\
+t) 279.585 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0916 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0917   # Set up the important data segment registers \(DS, ES, \
+SS\).) 288.322 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0918   xorw    %ax,%ax             # Segment number zero) 244.637 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0919   movw    %ax,%ds             # -> Data Segment) 227.163 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0920   movw    %ax,%es             # -> Extra Segment) 231.531 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0921   movw    %ax,%ss             # -> Stack Segment) 231.531 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0922 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0923   # Enable A20:) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0924   #   For backwards compatibility with the earliest PCs, p\
+hysical) 305.796 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0925   #   address line 20 is tied low, so that addresses highe\
+r than) 301.427 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0926   #   1MB wrap around to zero by default.  This code undoe\
+s this.) 305.796 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0927 seta20.1:) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0928   inb     $0x64,%al               # Wait for not busy) 253.374 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0929   testb   $0x2,%al) 100.476 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0930   jnz     seta20.1) 100.476 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0931 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0932   movb    $0xd1,%al               # 0xd1 -> port 0x64) 253.374 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0933   outb    %al,$0x64) 104.844 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0934 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0935 seta20.2:) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0936   inb     $0x64,%al               # Wait for not busy) 253.374 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0937   testb   $0x2,%al) 100.476 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0938   jnz     seta20.2) 100.476 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0939 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0940   movb    $0xdf,%al               # 0xdf -> port 0x60) 253.374 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0941   outb    %al,$0x60) 104.844 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0942 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0943 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0944 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0945 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0946 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0947 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0948 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0949 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 09) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.h  Page 3) 21.07 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(0950 // Common bits for) 13.846 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(0951 //      I/O APIC Redirection Table Entry;) 27.692 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(0952 //      Local APIC Local Interrupt Vector Table;) 31.906 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(0953 //      Local APIC Inter-Processor Interrupt;) 30.1 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(0954 //      Local APIC Timer Vector Table.) 25.886 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(0955 enum {) 6.622 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(0956   APIC_FIXED     = 0x00000000,  // [10:8] Delivery Mode) 36.12 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(0957   APIC_LOWEST    = 0x00000100,  // Lowest priority) 33.11 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(0958   APIC_SMI       = 0x00000200,  // System Management Interrupt) 40.334 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(0959   APIC_RR        = 0x00000300,  // Remote Read) 30.702 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(0960   APIC_NMI       = 0x00000400,) 21.07 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(0961   APIC_INIT      = 0x00000500,  // INIT/RESET) 30.1 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(0962   APIC_STARTUP   = 0x00000600,  // Startup IPI) 30.702 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(0963   APIC_EXTINT    = 0x00000700,) 21.07 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(0964 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(0965   APIC_PHYSICAL  = 0x00000000,  // [11] Destination Mode \(RW\)) 39.732 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(0966   APIC_LOGICAL   = 0x00000800,) 21.07 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(0967 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(0968   APIC_DELIVS    = 0x00001000,  // [12] Delivery Status \(RO\)) 39.13 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(0969   APIC_HIGH      = 0x00000000,  // [13] Interrupt Input Pin Polarity \(RW\)) 46.956 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(0970   APIC_LOW       = 0x00002000,) 21.07 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(0971   APIC_REMOTEIRR = 0x00004000,  // [14] Remote IRR \(RO\)) 36.12 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(0972   APIC_EDGE      = 0x00000000,  // [15] Trigger Mode \(RW\)) 37.324 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(0973   APIC_LEVEL     = 0x00008000,) 21.07 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(0974   APIC_IMASK     = 0x00010000,  // [16] Interrupt Mask) 35.518 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(0975 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(0976 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(0977 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(0978 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(0979 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(0980 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(0981 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(0982 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(0983 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(0984 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(0985 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(0986 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(0987 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(0988 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(0989 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(0990 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(0991 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(0992 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(0993 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(0994 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(0995 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(0996 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(0997 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(0998 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(0999 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 09) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/bootasm.S  Page 2) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(0950   # Switch from real to protected mode, using a bootstrap \
+GDT) 288.322 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(0951   # and segment translation that makes virtual addresses) 266.479 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(0952   # identical to their physical addresses, so that the) 257.742 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(0953   # effective memory map does not change during the switch\
+.) 279.585 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(0954   lgdt    gdtdesc) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(0955   movl    %cr0, %eax) 109.213 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(0956   orl     $CR0_PE_ON, %eax) 135.424 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(0957   movl    %eax, %cr0) 109.213 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(0958 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(0959   # Jump to next instruction, but in 32-bit code segment.) 270.848 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(0960   # Switches processor into 32-bit mode.) 196.583 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(0961   ljmp    $PROT_MODE_CSEG, $protcseg) 179.109 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(0962 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(0963   .code32                     # Assemble for 32-bit mode) 266.479 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(0964 protcseg:) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(0965   # Set up the protected-mode data segment registers) 249.005 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(0966   movw    $PROT_MODE_DSEG, %ax    # Our data segment selec\
+tor) 288.322 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(0967   movw    %ax, %ds                # -> DS: Data Segment) 262.111 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(0968   movw    %ax, %es                # -> ES: Extra Segment) 266.479 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(0969   movw    %ax, %fs                # -> FS) 200.952 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(0970   movw    %ax, %gs                # -> GS) 200.952 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(0971   movw    %ax, %ss                # -> SS: Stack Segment) 266.479 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(0972 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(0973   # Set up the stack pointer and call into C.) 218.426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(0974   movl    $start, %esp) 117.95 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(0975   call    bootmain) 100.476 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(0976 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(0977   # If bootmain returns \(it shouldn't\), loop.) 218.426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(0978 spin:) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(0979   jmp     spin) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(0980 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(0981 # Bootstrap GDT) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(0982 .p2align 2                                # force 4 byte a\
+lignment) 310.165 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(0983 gdt:) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(0984   SEG_NULLASM                             # null seg) 249.005 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(0985   SEG_ASM\(STA_X|STA_R, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)   # code seg) 249.005 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(0986   SEG_ASM\(STA_W, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)         # data seg) 249.005 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(0987 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(0988 gdtdesc:) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(0989   .word   0x17                            # sizeof\(gdt\) \
+- 1) 279.585 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(0990   .long   gdt                             # address gdt) 262.111 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(0991 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(0992 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(0993 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(0994 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(0995 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(0996 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(0997 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(0998 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(0999 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 09) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -5986,6 +6314,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -5993,241 +6324,268 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bootasm.S  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(1000 #include "asm.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(1001 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(1002 .set PROT_MODE_CSEG,0x8         # code segment selector) 36.12 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(1003 .set PROT_MODE_DSEG,0x10        # data segment selector) 36.12 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(1004 .set CR0_PE_ON,0x1              # protected mode enable flag) 39.13 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(1005 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(1006 #########################################################################) 46.956 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(1007 # ENTRY POINT for the bootstrap processor) 27.692 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(1008 #   This code should be stored in the first sector of the hard disk.) 43.946 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(1009 #   After the BIOS initializes the hardware on startup or system reset,) 45.752 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(1010 #   it loads this code at physical address 0x7c00 - 0x7d00 \(512 bytes\).) 45.752 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1011 #   Then the BIOS jumps to the beginning of it, address 0x7c00,) 40.936 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(1012 #   while running in 16-bit real-mode \(8086 compatibility mode\).) 41.538 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(1013 #   The Code Segment register \(CS\) is initially zero on entry.) 40.334 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1014 #) 3.612 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1015 # This code switches into 32-bit protected mode so that all of) 40.334 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1016 # memory can accessed, then calls into C.) 27.692 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1017 #########################################################################) 46.956 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1018 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1019 .globl start                      # Entry point) 31.304 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1020 start:) 6.622 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(1021 .code16                           # This runs in real mode) 37.926 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(1022   cli                             # Disable interrupts) 35.518 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(1023   cld                             # String operations increment) 40.936 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(1024 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1025   # Set up the important data segment registers \(DS, ES, SS\).) 39.732 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1026   xorw    %ax,%ax                 # Segment number zero) 36.12 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1027   movw    %ax,%ds                 # -> Data Segment) 33.712 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1028   movw    %ax,%es                 # -> Extra Segment) 34.314 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(1029   movw    %ax,%ss                 # -> Stack Segment) 34.314 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(1030 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(1031   # Set up the stack pointer, growing downward from 0x7c00.) 38.528 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(1032   movw    $start,%sp              # Stack Pointer) 32.508 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(1033 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1034   # Enable A20:) 12.04 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1035   #   For fascinating historical reasons \(related to the fact that) 42.742 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(1036   #   the earliest 8086-based PCs could only address 1MB of physical) 43.946 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1037   #   memory and subsequent 80286-based PCs wanted to retain maximum) 43.946 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(1038   #   compatibility\), physical address line 20 is tied to low when the) 45.15 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(1039   #   machine boots.  Obviously this a bit of a drag for us, especially) 45.752 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(1040   #   when trying to address memory above 1MB.  This code undoes this.) 45.15 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(1041 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1042 seta20.1:) 8.428 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1043   inb     $0x64,%al               # Get status) 30.702 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1044   testb   $0x2,%al                # Busy?) 27.692 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1045   jnz     seta20.1                # Yes) 26.488 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1046   movb    $0xd1,%al               # Command: Write) 33.11 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1047   outb    %al,$0x64               #  output port) 31.906 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1048 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1049 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 10) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/bootother.S  Page 1) 183.478 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1000 #include "asm.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1001 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1002 # Start an Application Processor. This must be placed on a\
+ 4KB boundary) 332.007 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1003 # somewhere in the 1st MB of conventional memory \(APBOOTS\
+TRAP\). However,) 336.376 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1004 # due to some shortcuts below it's restricted further to w\
+ithin the 1st) 332.007 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1005 # 64KB. The AP starts in real-mode, with) 196.583 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1006 #   CS selector set to the startup memory address/16;) 253.374 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1007 #   CS base set to startup memory address;) 205.32 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1008 #   CS limit set to 64KB;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1009 #   CPL and IP set to 0.) 126.687 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1010 #) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1011 # Bootothers \(in main.c\) starts each non-boot CPU in tur\
+n.) 275.216 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1012 # It puts the correct %esp in start-4,) 187.846 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1013 # and the place to jump to in start-8.) 187.846 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1014 #) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1015 # This code is identical to bootasm.S except:) 218.426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1016 #   - it does not need to enable A20) 179.109 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1017 #   - it uses the address at start-4 for the %esp) 235.9 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1018 #   - it jumps to the address at start-8 instead of callin\
+g bootmain) 318.902 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1019 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1020 .set PROT_MODE_CSEG, 0x8         # kernel code segment sel\
+ector) 297.059 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1021 .set PROT_MODE_DSEG, 0x10        # kernel data segment sel\
+ector) 297.059 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1022 .set CR0_PE_ON,      0x1         # protected mode enable f\
+lag) 288.322 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1023 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1024 .globl start) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1025 start:) 48.0537 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1026   .code16                     # Assemble for 16-bit mode) 266.479 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1027   cli                         # Disable interrupts) 240.268 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1028   cld                         # String operations incremen\
+t) 279.585 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1029 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1030   # Set up the important data segment registers \(DS, ES, \
+SS\).) 288.322 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1031   xorw    %ax,%ax             # Segment number zero) 244.637 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1032   movw    %ax,%ds             # -> Data Segment) 227.163 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1033   movw    %ax,%es             # -> Extra Segment) 231.531 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(1034   movw    %ax,%ss             # -> Stack Segment) 231.531 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(1035 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1036 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(1037 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(1038 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(1039 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(1040 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(1041 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(1042 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(1043 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(1044 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(1045 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(1046 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(1047 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(1048 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(1049 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 10) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bootasm.S  Page 2) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(1050 seta20.2:) 8.428 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(1051   inb     $0x64,%al               # Get status) 30.702 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(1052   testb   $0x2,%al                # Busy?) 27.692 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(1053   jnz     seta20.2                # Yes) 26.488 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(1054   movb    $0xdf,%al               # Enable) 28.294 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(1055   outb    %al,$0x60               #  A20) 27.09 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(1056 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(1057 # Switch from real to protected mode) 24.682 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(1058 #  The descriptors in our GDT allow all physical memory to be accessed.) 45.752 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(1059 #  Furthermore, the descriptors have base addresses of 0, so that the) 44.548 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(1060 #  segment translation is a NOP, ie. virtual addresses are identical to) 45.752 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1061 #  their physical addresses.  With this setup, immediately after) 41.538 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(1062 #  enabling protected mode it will still appear to this code) 39.13 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(1063 #  that it is running directly on physical memory with no translation.) 45.15 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1064 #  This initial NOP-translation setup is required by the processor) 42.742 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1065 #  to ensure that the transition to protected mode occurs smoothly.) 43.344 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1066 real_to_prot:) 10.836 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1067   cli                         # Mandatory since we dont set up an IDT) 44.548 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1068   lgdt    gdtdesc             # load GDT -- mandatory in protected mode) 45.752 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1069   movl    %cr0, %eax          # turn on protected mode) 35.518 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1070   orl     $CR0_PE_ON, %eax    #) 21.672 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(1071   movl    %eax, %cr0          #) 21.672 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(1072   ### CPU magic: jump to relocation, flush prefetch queue, and reload %cs) 46.956 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(1073   ### Has the effect of just jmp to the next instruction, but simultaneous) 47.558 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(1074   ### loads CS with $PROT_MODE_CSEG.) 24.682 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1075   ljmp    $PROT_MODE_CSEG, $protcseg) 24.682 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1076 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1077 #### we are in 32-bit protected mode \(hence the .code32\)) 36.722 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1078 .code32) 7.224 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(1079 protcseg:) 8.428 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(1080   # Set up the protected-mode data segment registers) 34.314 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(1081   movw    $PROT_MODE_DSEG, %ax    # Our data segment selector) 39.732 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(1082   movw    %ax, %ds                # -> DS: Data Segment) 36.12 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(1083   movw    %ax, %es                # -> ES: Extra Segment) 36.722 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1084   movw    %ax, %fs                # -> FS) 27.692 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1085   movw    %ax, %gs                # -> GS) 27.692 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(1086   movw    %ax, %ss                # -> SS: Stack Segment) 36.722 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1087   call cmain                      # finish the boot load from C.) 41.538 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(1088                                   # cmain\(\) should not return) 39.732 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(1089 spin:) 6.02 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(1090   jmp spin                        # ..but in case it does, spin) 40.936 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(1091 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1092 .p2align 2                                # force 4 byte alignment) 42.742 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1093 gdt:) 5.418 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1094   SEG_NULLASM                             # null seg) 34.314 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1095   SEG_ASM\(STA_X|STA_R, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)   # code seg) 34.314 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1096   SEG_ASM\(STA_W, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)         # data seg) 34.314 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1097 gdtdesc:) 7.826 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1098   .word   0x17                            # sizeof\(gdt\) - 1) 38.528 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1099   .long   gdt                             # address gdt) 36.12 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 10) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/bootother.S  Page 2) 183.478 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1050   # Switch from real to protected mode, using a bootstrap \
+GDT) 288.322 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1051   # and segment translation that makes virtual addresses) 266.479 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1052   # identical to their physical addresses, so that the) 257.742 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1053   # effective memory map does not change during the switch\
+.) 279.585 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1054   lgdt    gdtdesc) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1055   movl    %cr0, %eax) 109.213 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1056   orl     $CR0_PE_ON, %eax) 135.424 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1057   movl    %eax, %cr0) 109.213 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1058 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1059   # Jump to next instruction, but in 32-bit code segment.) 270.848 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1060   # Switches processor into 32-bit mode.) 196.583 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1061   ljmp    $PROT_MODE_CSEG, $protcseg) 179.109 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1062 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1063   .code32                     # Assemble for 32-bit mode) 266.479 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1064 protcseg:) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1065   # Set up the protected-mode data segment registers) 249.005 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1066   movw    $PROT_MODE_DSEG, %ax    # Our data segment selec\
+tor) 288.322 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1067   movw    %ax, %ds                # -> DS: Data Segment) 262.111 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1068   movw    %ax, %es                # -> ES: Extra Segment) 266.479 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1069   movw    %ax, %fs                # -> FS) 200.952 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1070   movw    %ax, %gs                # -> GS) 200.952 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1071   movw    %ax, %ss                # -> SS: Stack Segment) 266.479 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1072 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1073   movl    start-4, %esp) 122.318 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1074   movl    start-8, %eax) 122.318 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1075   jmp     *%eax) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1076 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1077 # Bootstrap GDT) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1078 .p2align 2                                # force 4 byte a\
+lignment) 310.165 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1079 gdt:) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1080   SEG_NULLASM                             # null seg) 249.005 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1081   SEG_ASM\(STA_X|STA_R, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)   # code seg) 249.005 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1082   SEG_ASM\(STA_W, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)         # data seg) 249.005 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1083 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(1084 gdtdesc:) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(1085   .word   0x17                            # sizeof\(gdt\) \
+- 1) 279.585 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1086   .long   gdt                             # address gdt) 262.111 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(1087 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1098 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1099 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 10) 34.9481 Tj
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@@ -6238,7 +6596,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 18 18
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-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
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+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bootother.S  Page 1) 25.284 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(1100 #include "asm.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(1101 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(1102 # Start an Application Processor. This must be placed on a 4KB boundary) 45.752 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(1103 # somewhere in the 1st MB of conventional memory \(APBOOTSTRAP\). However,) 46.354 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(1104 # due to some shortcuts below it's restricted further to within the 1st) 45.752 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(1105 # 64KB. The AP starts in real-mode, with) 27.09 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(1106 #   CS selector set to the startup memory address/16;) 34.916 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(1107 #   CS base set to startup memory address;) 28.294 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(1108 #   CS limit set to 64KB;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(1109 #   CPL and IP set to 0.) 17.458 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(1110 #) 3.612 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1111 # mp.c causes each non-boot CPU in turn to jump to start.) 37.324 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(1112 # mp.c puts the correct %esp in start-4, and the place to jump) 40.334 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(1113 # to in start-8.) 12.642 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1114 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1115 .set PROT_MODE_CSEG,0x8         # code segment selector) 36.12 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1116 .set PROT_MODE_DSEG,0x10        # data segment selector) 36.12 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1117 .set CR0_PE_ON,0x1              # protected mode enable flag) 39.13 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1118 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1119 .globl start) 10.234 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1120 start:) 6.622 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(1121   .code16                     # This runs in real mode) 35.518 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(1122   cli                         # Disable interrupts) 33.11 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(1123   cld                         # String operations increment) 38.528 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(1124 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1125   # Set up the important data segment registers \(DS, ES, SS\).) 39.732 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1126   xorw    %ax,%ax             # Segment number zero) 33.712 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1127   movw    %ax,%ds             # -> Data Segment) 31.304 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1128   movw    %ax,%es             # -> Extra Segment) 31.906 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(1129   movw    %ax,%ss             # -> Stack Segment) 31.906 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(1130 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(1131   # Set up the stack pointer, growing downward from 0x7000-8.) 39.732 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(1132   movw    $start-8,%sp        # Stack Pointer) 30.1 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(1133 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1134   # Switch from real to protected mode) 25.886 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1135   #  The descriptors in our GDT allow all physical memory to be accessed.) 46.956 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(1136   #  Furthermore, the descriptors have base addresses of 0, so that the) 45.752 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1137   #  segment translation is a NOP, ie. virtual addresses are identical to) 46.956 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(1138   #  their physical addresses.  With this setup, immediately after) 42.742 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(1139   #  enabling protected mode it will still appear to this code) 40.334 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(1140   #  that it is running directly on physical memory with no translation.) 46.354 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(1141   #  This initial NOP-translation setup is required by the processor) 43.946 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1142   #  to ensure that the transition to protected mode occurs smoothly.) 44.548 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1143 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1144   lgdt    gdtdesc             # load GDT -- mandatory in protected mode) 45.752 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1145   movl    %cr0, %eax          # turn on protected mode) 35.518 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1146   orl     $CR0_PE_ON, %eax    #) 21.672 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1147   movl    %eax, %cr0          #) 21.672 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1148 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1149 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 11) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/bootmain.c  Page 1) 179.109 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1100 // Boot loader.) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1101 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1102 // The BIOS loads boot sector \(bootasm.S\) from sector 0 \
+of the disk) 314.533 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1103 // into memory and executes it.  The boot sector puts the \
+processor) 314.533 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1104 // in 32-bit mode and calls bootmain below, which loads an\
+ ELF kernel) 323.27 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1105 // image from the disk starting at sector 1 and then jumps\
+ to the) 305.796 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1106 // kernel entry routine.) 126.687 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1107 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1108 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1109 #include "elf.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1110 #include "x86.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1111 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1112 #define SECTSIZE  512) 113.581 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1113 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1114 void readseg\(uint, uint, uint\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1115 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1116 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1117 bootmain\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1118 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1119   struct elfhdr *elf;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1120   struct proghdr *ph, *eph;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1121   void \(*entry\)\(void\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1122 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1123   elf = \(struct elfhdr*\)0x10000;  // scratch space) 240.268 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1124 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1125   // Read 1st page off disk) 139.792 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1126   readseg\(\(uint\)elf, SECTSIZE*8, 0\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1127 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1128   // Is this an ELF executable?) 157.267 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1129   if\(elf->magic != ELF_MAGIC\)) 148.529 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1130     goto bad;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1131 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1132   // Load each program segment \(ignores ph flags\).) 240.268 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1133   ph = \(struct proghdr*\)\(\(uchar*\)elf + elf->phoff\);) 244.637 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(1134   eph = ph + elf->phnum;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(1135   for\(; ph < eph; ph++\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1136     readseg\(ph->va, ph->memsz, ph->offset\);) 209.689 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(1137 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(1138   // Call the entry point from the ELF header.) 222.794 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(1139   // Does not return!) 113.581 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(1140   entry = \(void\(*\)\(void\)\)\(elf->entry & 0xFFFFFF\);) 235.9 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(1141   entry\(\);) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(1142 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(1143 bad:) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(1144   outw\(0x8A00, 0x8A00\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(1145   outw\(0x8A00, 0x8E00\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(1146   for\(;;\)) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(1147     ;) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(1148 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(1149 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 11) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bootother.S  Page 2) 25.284 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(1150   # CPU magic: jump to relocation, flush prefetch queue, and reload %cs) 45.752 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(1151   # Has the effect of just jmp to the next instruction, but simultaneous) 46.354 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(1152   # loads CS with $PROT_MODE_CSEG.) 23.478 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(1153   ljmp    $PROT_MODE_CSEG, $protcseg) 24.682 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(1154 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(1155 # We are now in 32-bit protected mode \(hence the .code32\)) 37.324 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(1156 .code32) 7.224 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(1157 protcseg:) 8.428 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(1158   # Set up the protected-mode data segment registers) 34.314 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(1159   movw    $PROT_MODE_DSEG, %ax    # Our data segment selector) 39.732 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(1160   movw    %ax, %ds                # -> DS: Data Segment) 36.12 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1161   movw    %ax, %es                # -> ES: Extra Segment) 36.722 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(1162   movw    %ax, %fs                # -> FS) 27.692 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(1163   movw    %ax, %gs                # -> GS) 27.692 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1164   movw    %ax, %ss                # -> SS: Stack Segment) 36.722 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1165 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1166   movl    start-8, %eax) 16.856 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1167   movl    start-4, %esp) 16.856 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1168   jmp     *%eax) 12.04 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1169 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1170 .p2align 2                                # force 4 byte alignment) 42.742 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(1171 gdt:) 5.418 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(1172   SEG_NULLASM                             # null seg) 34.314 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(1173   SEG_ASM\(STA_X|STA_R, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)   # code seg) 34.314 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(1174   SEG_ASM\(STA_W, 0x0, 0xffffffff\)         # data seg) 34.314 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1175 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1176 gdtdesc:) 7.826 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1177   .word   0x17                            # sizeof\(gdt\) - 1) 38.528 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1178   .long   gdt                             # address gdt) 36.12 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(1179 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(1180 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(1181 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(1182 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(1183 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1184 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1185 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(1186 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1187 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(1188 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(1189 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(1190 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(1191 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1192 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1193 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1194 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1195 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1196 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1197 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1198 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1199 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 11) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/bootmain.c  Page 2) 179.109 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1150 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1151 waitdisk\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1152 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1153   // Wait for disk ready.) 131.055 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1154   while\(\(inb\(0x1F7\) & 0xC0\) != 0x40\)) 179.109 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1155     ;) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1156 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1157 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1158 // Read a single sector at offset into dst.) 209.689 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1159 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1160 readsect\(void *dst, uint offset\)) 161.635 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1161 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1162   // Issue command.) 104.844 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1163   waitdisk\(\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1164   outb\(0x1F2, 1\);   // count = 1) 161.635 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1165   outb\(0x1F3, offset\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1166   outb\(0x1F4, offset >> 8\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1167   outb\(0x1F5, offset >> 16\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1168   outb\(0x1F6, \(offset >> 24\) | 0xE0\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1169   outb\(0x1F7, 0x20\);  // cmd 0x20 - read sectors) 231.531 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1170 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1171   // Read data.) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1172   waitdisk\(\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1173   insl\(0x1F0, dst, SECTSIZE/4\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1174 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1175 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1176 // Read 'count' bytes at 'offset' from kernel into virtual\
+ address 'va'.) 336.376 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1177 // Might copy more than asked.) 152.898 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1178 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1179 readseg\(uint va, uint count, uint offset\)) 200.952 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1180 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1181   uint eva;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1182 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1183   va &= 0xFFFFFF;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(1184   eva = va + count;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(1185 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1186   // Round down to sector boundary.) 174.741 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(1187   va &= ~\(SECTSIZE - 1\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(1188 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(1189   // Translate from bytes to sectors; kernel starts at sec\
+tor 1.) 301.427 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(1190   offset = \(offset / SECTSIZE\) + 1;) 174.741 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(1191 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(1192   // If this is too slow, we could read lots of sectors at\
+ a time.) 310.165 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(1193   // We'd write more to memory than asked, but it doesn't \
+matter --) 314.533 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(1194   // we load in increasing order.) 166.004 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(1195   for\(; va < eva; va += SECTSIZE, offset++\)) 209.689 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(1196     readsect\(\(uchar*\)va, offset\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(1197 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(1198 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(1199 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 11) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
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@@ -6492,6 +6873,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
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@@ -6499,241 +6883,257 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
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-0 g
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+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
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+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
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-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
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-0 -3.92728 Td
-(1200 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(1201 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(1202 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(1203 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(1204 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(1205 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(1206 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(1207 #include "syscall.h") 15.05 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(1208 #include "elf.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(1209 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(1210 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1211 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(1212 extern char edata[], end[];) 19.264 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(1213 extern uchar _binary__init_start[], _binary__init_size[];) 37.324 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1214 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1215 void process0\(\);) 12.642 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1216 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1217 // Bootstrap processor starts running C code here.) 33.11 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1218 // This is called main0 not main so that it can have) 34.314 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1219 // a void return type.  Gcc can't handle functions named) 36.722 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1220 // main that don't return int.  Really.) 26.488 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(1221 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(1222 main0\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(1223 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(1224   int i;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1225   int bcpu;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1226   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1227 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1228   // clear BSS) 11.438 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(1229   memset\(edata, 0, end - edata\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(1230 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(1231   // Prevent release\(\) from enabling interrupts.) 31.906 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(1232   for\(i=0; i<NCPU; i++\)) 16.856 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(1233     cpus[i].nlock = 1;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1234 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1235   mp_init\(\); // collect info about this machine) 31.304 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(1236   bcpu = mp_bcpu\(\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1237 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(1238   // switch to bootstrap processor's stack) 28.294 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(1239   asm volatile\("movl %0, %%esp" : : "r" \(cpus[0].mpstack + MPSTACK - 32\)\);) 47.558 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(1240   asm volatile\("movl %0, %%ebp" : : "r" \(cpus[0].mpstack + MPSTACK\)\);) 44.548 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(1241 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1242   lapic_init\(bcpu\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1243 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1244   cprintf\("\\ncpu%d: starting xv6\\n\\n", cpu\(\)\);) 30.702 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1245 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1246 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1247 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1248 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1249 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 12) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/main.c  Page 1) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1200 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1201 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1202 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1203 #include "mmu.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1204 #include "proc.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1205 #include "x86.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1206 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1207 static void bootothers\(void\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1208 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1209 // Bootstrap processor starts running C code here.) 240.268 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1210 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1211 main\(void\)) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1212 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1213   int i;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1214   static volatile int bcpu;  // cannot be on stack) 240.268 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1215   extern char edata[], end[];) 148.529 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1216 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1217   // clear BSS) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1218   memset\(edata, 0, end - edata\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1219 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1220   // Prevent release\(\) from enabling interrupts.) 231.531 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1221   for\(i=0; i<NCPU; i++\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1222     cpus[i].nlock = 1;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1223 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1224   mp_init\(\); // collect info about this machine) 227.163 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1225   bcpu = mp_bcpu\(\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1226 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1227   // Switch to bootstrap processor's stack) 205.32 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1228   asm volatile\("movl %0, %%esp" : : "r" \(cpus[bcpu].mpst\
+ack+MPSTACK-32\)\);) 340.744 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1229   asm volatile\("movl %0, %%ebp" : : "r" \(cpus[bcpu].mpst\
+ack+MPSTACK\)\);) 327.639 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1230 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1231   lapic_init\(bcpu\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1232   cprintf\("\\ncpu%d: starting xv6\\n\\n", cpu\(\)\);) 222.794 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1233 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(1234   pinit\(\);         // process table) 174.741 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(1235   binit\(\);         // buffer cache) 170.372 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1236   pic_init\(\);      // interrupt controller) 205.32 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(1237   ioapic_init\(\);   // another interrupt controller) 240.268 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(1238   kinit\(\);         // physical memory allocator) 227.163 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(1239   tvinit\(\);        // trap vectors) 170.372 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(1240   idtinit\(\);       // interrupt descriptor table) 231.531 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(1241   fileinit\(\);      // file table) 161.635 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(1242   iinit\(\);         // inode cache) 166.004 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(1243   setupsegs\(0\);    // segments & TSS) 179.109 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(1244   console_init\(\);  // I/O devices & their interrupts) 249.005 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(1245   ide_init\(\);      // disk) 135.424 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(1246   bootothers\(\);    // boot other CPUs) 183.478 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(1247   if\(!ismp\)) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(1248     timer_init\(\); // uniprocessor timer) 192.215 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(1249   userinit\(\);      // first user process) 196.583 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 12) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/main.c  Page 2) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(1250   pinit\(\); // process table) 19.264 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(1251   binit\(\); // buffer cache) 18.662 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(1252   pic_init\(\);) 10.836 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(1253   ioapic_init\(\);) 12.642 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(1254   kinit\(\); // physical memory allocator) 26.488 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(1255   tvinit\(\); // trap vectors) 19.264 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(1256   idtinit\(\); // this CPU's interrupt descriptor table) 34.916 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(1257   fileinit\(\);) 10.836 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(1258   iinit\(\); // i-node table) 18.662 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(1259 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(1260   // initialize process 0) 18.06 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1261   p = &proc[0];) 12.04 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(1262   p->state = RUNNABLE;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(1263   p->kstack = kalloc\(KSTACKSIZE\);) 22.876 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1264 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1265   // cause proc[0] to start in kernel at process0) 32.508 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1266   p->jmpbuf.eip = \(uint\) process0;) 23.478 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1267   p->jmpbuf.esp = \(uint\) \(p->kstack + KSTACKSIZE - 4\);) 35.518 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1268 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1269   // make sure there's a TSS) 19.866 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1270   setupsegs\(0\);) 12.04 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(1271 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(1272   // initialize I/O devices, let them enable interrupts) 36.12 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(1273   console_init\(\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(1274   ide_init\(\);) 10.836 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1275 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1276   // start other CPUs) 15.652 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1277   mp_startthem\(\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1278 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(1279   // turn on timer) 13.846 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(1280   if\(ismp\)) 9.03 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(1281     lapic_timerinit\(\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(1282   else) 6.622 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(1283     pit8253_timerinit\(\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1284 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1285   // enable interrupts on the local APIC) 27.09 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(1286   lapic_enableintr\(\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1287 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(1288   // enable interrupts on this processor.) 27.692 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(1289   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock--;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(1290   sti\(\);) 7.826 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(1291 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1292   scheduler\(\);) 11.438 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1293 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1294 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1295 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1296 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1297 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1298 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1299 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 12) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/main.c  Page 2) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1250   // enable interrupts on this processor.) 200.952 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1251   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock--;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1252   sti\(\);) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1253 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1254   scheduler\(\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1255 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1256 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1257 // Additional processors start here.) 179.109 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1258 static void) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1259 mpmain\(void\)) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1260 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1261   cprintf\("cpu%d: starting\\n", cpu\(\)\);) 187.846 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1262   idtinit\(\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1263   lapic_init\(cpu\(\)\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1264   setupsegs\(0\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1265   cpuid\(0, 0, 0, 0, 0\);  // memory barrier) 205.32 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1266   cpus[cpu\(\)].booted = 1;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1267 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1268   // Enable interrupts on this processor.) 200.952 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1269   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock--;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1270   sti\(\);) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1271 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1272   scheduler\(\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1273 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1274 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1275 static void) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1276 bootothers\(void\)) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1277 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1278   extern uchar _binary_bootother_start[], _binary_bootothe\
+r_size[];) 314.533 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1279   uchar *code;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1280   struct cpu *c;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1281 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1282   // Write bootstrap code to unused memory at 0x7000.) 253.374 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1283   code = \(uchar*\)0x7000;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(1284   memmove\(code, _binary_bootother_start, \(uint\)_binary_\
+bootother_size\);) 332.007 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(1285 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1286   for\(c = cpus; c < cpus+ncpu; c++\){) 179.109 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(1287     if\(c == cpus+cpu\(\)\)  // We've started already.) 240.268 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(1288       continue;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(1289 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(1290     // Fill in %esp, %eip and start code on cpu.) 231.531 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(1291     *\(void**\)\(code-4\) = c->mpstack + MPSTACK;) 218.426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(1292     *\(void**\)\(code-8\) = mpmain;) 157.267 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(1293     lapic_startap\(c->apicid, \(uint\)code\);) 200.952 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(1294 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(1295     // Wait for cpu to get through bootstrap.) 218.426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(1296     while\(c->booted == 0\)) 131.055 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(1297       ;) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(1298   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(1299 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 12) 34.9481 Tj
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/main.c  Page 3) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(1300 // Additional processors start here.) 24.682 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(1301 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(1302 mpmain\(void\)) 10.234 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(1303 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(1304   cprintf\("cpu%d: starting\\n", cpu\(\)\);) 25.886 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(1305   idtinit\(\); // CPU's idt) 18.06 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(1306   if\(cpu\(\) == 0\)) 12.642 Tj
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-(1307     panic\("mpmain on cpu 0"\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(1308   lapic_init\(cpu\(\)\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(1309   lapic_timerinit\(\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(1310   lapic_enableintr\(\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1311 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(1312   // make sure there's a TSS) 19.866 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(1313   setupsegs\(0\);) 12.04 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1314 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1315   cpuid\(0, 0, 0, 0, 0\);  // memory barrier) 28.294 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1316   cpus[cpu\(\)].booted = 1;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1317 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1318   // Enable interrupts on this processor.) 27.692 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1319   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock--;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1320   sti\(\);) 7.826 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(1321 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(1322   scheduler\(\);) 11.438 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(1323 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(1324 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1325 // proc[0] starts here, called by scheduler\(\) in the ordinary way.) 42.742 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1326 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1327 process0\(\)) 9.03 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1328 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(1329   struct proc *p0 = &proc[0];) 20.468 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(1330   struct proc *p1;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(1331   extern struct spinlock proc_table_lock;) 27.692 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(1332   struct trapframe tf;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(1333 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1334   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1335 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(1336   p0->cwd = iget\(rootdev, 1\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1337   iunlock\(p0->cwd\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(1338 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(1339   // dummy user memory to make copyproc\(\) happy.) 31.906 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(1340   // must be big enough to hold the init binary.) 31.906 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(1341   p0->sz = PAGE;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1342   p0->mem = kalloc\(p0->sz\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1343 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1344   // fake a trap frame as if a user process had made a system) 39.732 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1345   // call, so that copyproc will have a place for the new) 37.324 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1346   // process to return to.) 18.662 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1347   p0->tf = &tf;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1348   memset\(p0->tf, 0, sizeof\(struct trapframe\)\);) 30.702 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1349   p0->tf->es = p0->tf->ds = p0->tf->ss = \(SEG_UDATA << 3\) | 3;) 40.334 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 13) 4.816 Tj
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+0 0 Td
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/spinlock.h  Page 1) 179.109 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1300 // Mutual exclusion lock.) 131.055 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1301 struct spinlock {) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1302   uint locked;   // Is the lock held?) 183.478 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1303 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1304   // For debugging:) 104.844 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1305   char *name;    // Name of lock.) 166.004 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1306   int  cpu;      // The number of the cpu holding the lock\
+.) 279.585 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1307   uint pcs[10];  // The call stack \(an array of program c\
+ounters\)) 305.796 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1308                  // that locked the lock.) 200.952 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1309 };) 30.5796 Tj
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+(1310 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1317 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1318 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1320 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1423 // must not go to sleep holding any locks.\)) 209.689 Tj
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+(1439   cpuid\(0, 0, 0, 0, 0\);  // memory barrier \(see Ch 7, I\
+A-32 manual vol 3\)) 340.744 Tj
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-(1458 // Search for the MP Floating Pointer Structure, which according to the) 45.752 Tj
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-(1459 // spec is in one of the following three locations:) 33.712 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(1460 // 1\) in the first KB of the EBDA;) 23.478 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1461 // 2\) in the last KB of system base memory;) 28.896 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(1462 // 3\) in the BIOS ROM between 0xE0000 and 0xFFFFF.) 33.11 Tj
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-(1466   uchar *bda;) 10.836 Tj
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-(1471   if\(\(p = \(bda[0x0F]<<8\)|bda[0x0E]\)\){) 25.284 Tj
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-(1474   }) 4.816 Tj
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-(1475   else{) 7.224 Tj
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-(1476     p = \(\(bda[0x14]<<8\)|bda[0x13]\)*1024;) 27.09 Tj
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-(1478       return mp;) 12.642 Tj
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-(1479   }) 4.816 Tj
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-(1480   return mp_scan\(\(uchar*\)0xF0000, 0x10000\);) 28.896 Tj
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-(1482 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(1483 // Search for an MP configuration table. For now,) 32.508 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1484 // don't accept the default configurations \(physaddr == 0\).) 38.528 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1485 // Check for correct signature, calculate the checksum and,) 38.528 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(1486 // if correct, check the version.) 22.876 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1487 // To do: check extended table checksum.) 27.09 Tj
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-(1488 static int) 9.03 Tj
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-0 -57.6 Td
-(1491   struct mpctb *pcmp;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1492   uchar *p, sum;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1493   uint length;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1494 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1495   if\(\(mp = mp_search\(\)\) == 0 || mp->physaddr == 0\)) 33.11 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1496     return 1;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1497 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1498 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1499 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 14) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/spinlock.c  Page 2) 179.109 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1450 // Release the lock.) 109.213 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1451 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1452 release\(struct spinlock *lock\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1453 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1454   if\(!holding\(lock\)\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1455     panic\("release"\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1456 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1457   lock->pcs[0] = 0;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1458   lock->cpu = 0xffffffff;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1459 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1460   // Serialize instructions: before unlocking the lock, ma\
+ke sure) 305.796 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1461   // to flush any pending memory writes from this processo\
+r.) 283.953 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1462   cpuid\(0, 0, 0, 0, 0\);  // memory barrier \(see Ch 7, I\
+A-32 manual vol 3\)) 340.744 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1463 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1464   lock->locked = 0;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1465   if\(--cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock == 0\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1466     sti\(\);) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1467 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1468 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1469 // Record the current call stack in pcs[] by following the\
+ %ebp chain.) 327.639 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1470 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1471 getcallerpcs\(void *v, uint pcs[]\)) 166.004 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1472 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1473   uint *ebp;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1474   int i;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1475 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1476   ebp = \(uint*\)v - 2;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1477   for\(i = 0; i < 10; i++\){) 135.424 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1478     if\(ebp == 0 || ebp == \(uint*\)0xffffffff\)) 214.057 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1479       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1480     pcs[i] = ebp[1];     // saved %eip) 187.846 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1481     ebp = \(uint*\)ebp[0]; // saved %ebp) 187.846 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1482   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1483   for\(; i < 10; i++\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(1484     pcs[i] = 0;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(1485 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1486 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(1487 // Check whether this cpu is holding the lock.) 222.794 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(1488 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(1489 holding\(struct spinlock *lock\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(1490 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(1491   return lock->locked && lock->cpu == cpu\(\) + 10;) 235.9 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(1492 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(1493 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(1494 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(1495 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(1496 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(1497 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(1498 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(1499 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 14) 34.9481 Tj
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.c  Page 3) 21.07 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(1500   pcmp = \(struct mpctb*\) mp->physaddr;) 25.886 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(1501   if\(memcmp\(pcmp, "PCMP", 4\)\)) 20.468 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(1502     return 2;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(1503 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(1504   length = pcmp->length;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(1505   sum = 0;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(1506   for\(p = \(uchar*\)pcmp; length; length--\)) 27.692 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(1507     sum += *p++;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(1508 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(1509   if\(sum || \(pcmp->version != 1 && pcmp->version != 4\)\)) 36.12 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(1510     return 3;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1511 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(1512   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(1513 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1514 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1515 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1516 mp_init\(void\)) 10.836 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1517 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1518   int r;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1519   uchar *p, *e;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1520   struct mpctb *mpctb;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(1521   struct mppe *proc;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(1522   struct mpbe *bus;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(1523   struct mpioapic *ioapic;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(1524   struct mpie *intr;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1525   int i;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1526   uchar byte;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1527 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1528   ncpu = 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(1529   if\(\(r = mp_detect\(\)\) != 0\) {) 21.07 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(1530     return;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(1531   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(1532 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(1533   ismp = 1;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1534 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1535   // Run through the table saving information needed for starting) 42.14 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(1536   // application processors and initialising any I/O APICs. The table) 44.548 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1537   // is guaranteed to be in order such that only one pass is necessary.) 45.752 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(1538 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(1539   mpctb = \(struct mpctb*\) mp->physaddr;) 26.488 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(1540   lapicaddr = \(uint*\) mpctb->lapicaddr;) 26.488 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(1541   p = \(\(uchar*\)mpctb\)+sizeof\(struct mpctb\);) 28.896 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1542   e = \(\(uchar*\)mpctb\)+mpctb->length;) 24.682 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1543 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1544   while\(p < e\) {) 12.642 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1545     switch\(*p\){) 12.04 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1546     case MPPROCESSOR:) 15.652 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1547       proc = \(struct mppe*\) p;) 21.07 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1548       cpus[ncpu].apicid = proc->apicid;) 26.488 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1549       if\(proc->flags & MPBP\) {) 21.07 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 15) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/proc.h  Page 1) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1500 // Segments in proc->gdt) 126.687 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1501 #define SEG_KCODE 1  // kernel code) 174.741 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1502 #define SEG_KDATA 2  // kernel data+stack) 200.952 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1503 #define SEG_UCODE 3) 104.844 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1504 #define SEG_UDATA 4) 104.844 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1505 #define SEG_TSS   5  // this process's task state) 235.9 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1506 #define NSEGS     6) 104.844 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1507 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1508 // Saved registers for kernel context switches.) 227.163 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1509 // Don't need to save all the %fs etc. segment registers,) 270.848 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1510 // because they are constant across kernel contexts.) 249.005 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1511 // Save all the regular registers so we don't need to care) 275.216 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1512 // which are caller save, but not the return register %eax\
+.) 279.585 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1513 // \(Not saving %eax just simplifies the switching code.\)) 266.479 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1514 // The layout of context must match code in swtch.S.) 249.005 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1515 struct context {) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1516   int eip;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1517   int esp;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1518   int ebx;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1519   int ecx;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1520   int edx;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1521   int esi;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1522   int edi;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1523   int ebp;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1524 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1525 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1526 enum proc_state { UNUSED, EMBRYO, SLEEPING, RUNNABLE, RUNN\
+ING, ZOMBIE };) 336.376 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1527 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1528 // Per-process state) 109.213 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1529 struct proc {) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1530   char *mem;                // Start of process memory \(k\
+ernel address\)) 332.007 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1531   uint sz;                  // Size of process memory \(by\
+tes\)) 288.322 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1532   char *kstack;             // Bottom of kernel stack for \
+this process) 327.639 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1533   enum proc_state state;    // Process state) 214.057 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(1534   int pid;                  // Process ID) 200.952 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(1535   struct proc *parent;      // Parent process) 218.426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1536   void *chan;               // If non-zero, sleeping on ch\
+an) 283.953 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(1537   int killed;               // If non-zero, have been kill\
+ed) 283.953 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(1538   struct file *ofile[NOFILE];  // Open files) 214.057 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(1539   struct inode *cwd;        // Current directory) 231.531 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(1540   struct context context;   // Switch here to run process) 270.848 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(1541   struct trapframe *tf;     // Trap frame for current inte\
+rrupt) 297.059 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(1542   char name[16];            // Process name \(debugging\)) 262.111 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(1543 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(1544 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(1545 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(1546 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(1547 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(1548 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(1549 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 15) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
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 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
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-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/mp.c  Page 4) 21.07 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(1550         bcpu = &cpus[ncpu];) 19.264 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(1551       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(1552       ncpu++;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(1553       p += sizeof\(struct mppe\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(1554       continue;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(1555     case MPBUS:) 12.04 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(1556       bus = \(struct mpbe*\) p;) 20.468 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(1557       for\(i = 0; buses[i]; i++\){) 22.274 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(1558         if\(strncmp\(buses[i], bus->string, sizeof\(bus->string\)\) == 0\)) 43.946 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(1559           break;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(1560       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1561       p += sizeof\(struct mpbe\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(1562       continue;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(1563     case MPIOAPIC:) 13.846 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1564       ioapic = \(struct mpioapic*\) p;) 24.682 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1565       ioapic_id = ioapic->apicno;) 22.876 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1566       p += sizeof\(struct mpioapic\);) 24.08 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1567       continue;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1568     case MPIOINTR:) 13.846 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1569       intr = \(struct mpie*\) p;) 21.07 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1570       p += sizeof\(struct mpie\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(1571       continue;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(1572     default:) 10.234 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(1573       cprintf\("mp_init: unknown PCMP type 0x%x \(e-p 0x%x\)\\n", *p, e-p\);) 45.752 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(1574       while\(p < e\){) 14.448 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1575         cprintf\("%uX ", *p\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1576         p++;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1577       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1578       break;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(1579     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(1580   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(1581 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(1582   if\(mp->imcrp\) {) 13.244 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(1583     // It appears that Bochs doesn't support IMCR, so code won't run.) 44.548 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1584     outb\(0x22, 0x70\);   // Select IMCR) 25.886 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1585     byte = inb\(0x23\);   // Current contents) 28.896 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(1586     byte |= 0x01;       // Mask external INTR) 30.1 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1587     outb\(0x23, byte\);   // Disconnect 8259s/NMI) 31.304 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(1588   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(1589 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(1590 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(1591 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1592 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1593 mp_bcpu\(void\)) 10.836 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1594 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1595   if\(ismp\)) 9.03 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1596     return bcpu-cpus;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1597   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1598 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1599 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 15) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/proc.h  Page 2) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1550 // Process memory is laid out contiguously, low addresses \
+first:) 301.427 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1551 //   text) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1552 //   original data and bss) 135.424 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1553 //   fixed-size stack) 113.581 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1554 //   expandable heap) 109.213 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1555 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1556 // Arrange that cp point to the struct proc that this) 253.374 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1557 // CPU is currently running.  Such preprocessor) 227.163 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1558 // subterfuge can be confusing, but saves a lot of typing.) 275.216 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1559 extern struct proc *curproc[NCPU];  // Current \(running\)\
+ process per CPU) 336.376 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1560 #define cp \(curproc[cpu\(\)]\)  // Current process on thi\
+s CPU) 279.585 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1561 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1562 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1563 #define MPSTACK 512) 104.844 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1564 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1565 // Per-CPU state) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1566 struct cpu {) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1567   uchar apicid;               // Local APIC ID) 222.794 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1568   struct context context;     // Switch here to enter sche\
+duler) 297.059 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1569   struct taskstate ts;        // Used by x86 to find stack\
+ for interrupt) 336.376 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1570   struct segdesc gdt[NSEGS];  // x86 global descriptor tab\
+le) 283.953 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1571   char mpstack[MPSTACK];      // Per-CPU startup stack) 257.742 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1572   volatile int booted;        // Has the CPU started?) 253.374 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1573   int nlock;                  // Number of locks currently\
+ held) 297.059 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1574 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1575 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1576 extern struct cpu cpus[NCPU];) 148.529 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1577 extern int ncpu;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1578 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1579 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1580 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1581 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1582 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1583 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1584 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1585 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1586 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1587 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(1588 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(1589 ) 21.8426 Tj
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-(1748 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1749 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 17) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/proc.c  Page 3) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1700 // Create a new process copying p as the parent.) 231.531 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1701 // Sets up stack to return as if from system call.) 240.268 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1702 // Caller must set state of returned proc to RUNNABLE.) 257.742 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1703 struct proc*) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1704 copyproc\(struct proc *p\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1705 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1706   int i;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1707   struct proc *np;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1708 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1709   // Allocate process.) 117.95 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1710   if\(\(np = allocproc\(\)\) == 0\)) 148.529 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1711     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1712 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1713   // Allocate kernel stack.) 139.792 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1714   if\(\(np->kstack = kalloc\(KSTACKSIZE\)\) == 0\){) 218.426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1715     np->state = UNUSED;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1716     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1717   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1718   np->tf = \(struct trapframe*\)\(np->kstack + KSTACKSIZE\)\
+ - 1;) 283.953 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1719 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1720   if\(p\){  // Copy process state from p.) 192.215 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1721     np->parent = p;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1722     memmove\(np->tf, p->tf, sizeof\(*np->tf\)\);) 214.057 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1723 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1724     np->sz = p->sz;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1725     if\(\(np->mem = kalloc\(np->sz\)\) == 0\){) 196.583 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1726       kfree\(np->kstack, KSTACKSIZE\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1727       np->kstack = 0;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1728       np->state = UNUSED;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1729       return 0;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1730     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1731     memmove\(np->mem, p->mem, np->sz\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1732 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1733     for\(i = 0; i < NOFILE; i++\)) 157.267 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(1734       if\(p->ofile[i]\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(1735         np->ofile[i] = filedup\(p->ofile[i]\);) 214.057 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1736     np->cwd = idup\(p->cwd\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(1737   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(1738 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(1739   // Set up new context to start executing at forkret \(se\
+e below\).) 310.165 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(1740   memset\(&np->context, 0, sizeof\(np->context\)\);) 227.163 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(1741   np->context.eip = \(uint\)forkret;) 170.372 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(1742   np->context.esp = \(uint\)np->tf;) 166.004 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(1743 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(1744   // Clear %eax so that fork system call returns 0 in chil\
+d.) 283.953 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(1745   np->tf->eax = 0;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(1746   return np;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(1747 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(1748 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(1749 ) 21.8426 Tj
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-(1756 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
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-(1757 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
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-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1764 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1765   lock->name = name;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1766   lock->locked = 0;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1767   lock->cpu = 0xffffffff;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1768 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1769 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1770 // Record the current call stack in pcs[] by following the %ebp chain.) 45.15 Tj
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-0 -32.7273 Td
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-(1774   uint *ebp = \(uint*\)v - 2;) 19.264 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1775   int i;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1776   for\(i = 0; i < 10; i++\){) 18.662 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1777     if\(ebp == 0 || ebp == \(uint*\)0xffffffff\)) 29.498 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1778       break;) 10.234 Tj
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-(1779     pcs[i] = ebp[1];     // saved %eip) 25.886 Tj
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-(1780     ebp = \(uint*\)ebp[0]; // saved %ebp) 25.886 Tj
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-(1783     pcs[i] = 0;) 12.04 Tj
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-(1795 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(1796 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(1797 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(1798 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(1799 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/proc.c  Page 4) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1750 // Set up first user process.) 148.529 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1751 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1752 userinit\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1753 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1754   struct proc *p;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1755   extern uchar _binary_initcode_start[], _binary_initcode_\
+size[];) 305.796 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1756 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1757   p = copyproc\(0\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1758   p->sz = PAGE;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1759   p->mem = kalloc\(p->sz\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1760   p->cwd = namei\("/"\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1761   memset\(p->tf, 0, sizeof\(*p->tf\)\);) 174.741 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1762   p->tf->cs = \(SEG_UCODE << 3\) | DPL_USER;) 205.32 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1763   p->tf->ds = \(SEG_UDATA << 3\) | DPL_USER;) 205.32 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1764   p->tf->es = p->tf->ds;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1765   p->tf->ss = p->tf->ds;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1766   p->tf->eflags = FL_IF;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1767   p->tf->esp = p->sz;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1768 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1769   // Make return address readable; needed for some gcc.) 262.111 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1770   p->tf->esp -= 4;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1771   *\(uint*\)\(p->mem + p->tf->esp\) = 0xefefefef;) 218.426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1772 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1773   // On entry to user space, start executing at beginning \
+of initcode.S.) 336.376 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1774   p->tf->eip = 0;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1775   memmove\(p->mem, _binary_initcode_start, \(int\)_binary_\
+initcode_size\);) 327.639 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1776   safestrcpy\(p->name, "initcode", sizeof\(p->name\)\);) 244.637 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1777   p->state = RUNNABLE;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1778 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1779   initproc = p;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
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-0 -3.92728 Td
-(1800 // Acquire the lock.) 15.05 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(1801 // Loops \(spins\) until the lock is acquired.) 29.498 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(1802 // \(Because contention is handled by spinning, must not) 36.12 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(1803 // go to sleep holding any locks.\)) 23.478 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
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-0 -11.7818 Td
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-0 -13.0909 Td
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-0 -14.4 Td
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-0 -15.7091 Td
-(1809 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
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-0 -18.3273 Td
-(1811     cli\(\);) 9.03 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
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-0 -20.9455 Td
-(1813 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(1814   while\(cmpxchg\(0, 1, &lock->locked\) == 1\)) 28.294 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(1815     ;) 6.02 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(1816 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(1817   // Serialize instructions: now that lock is acquired, make sure) 42.14 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(1818   // we wait for all pending writes from other processors.) 37.926 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(1819   cpuid\(0, 0, 0, 0, 0\);  // memory barrier \(see Ch 7, IA-32 manual vol 3\)) 46.956 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(1820 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(1821   // Record info about lock acquisition for debugging.) 35.518 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(1822   // The +10 is only so that we can tell the difference) 36.12 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(1823   // between forgetting to initialize lock->cpu) 31.304 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(1824   // and holding a lock on cpu 0.) 22.876 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(1825   lock->cpu = cpu\(\) + 10;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(1826   getcallerpcs\(&lock, lock->pcs\);) 22.876 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(1827 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(1828 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(1829 // Release the lock.) 15.05 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(1830 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(1831 release\(struct spinlock *lock\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(1832 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(1833   if\(!holding\(lock\)\)) 15.05 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(1834     panic\("release"\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(1835 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(1836   lock->pcs[0] = 0;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(1837   lock->cpu = 0xffffffff;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(1838 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(1839   // Serialize instructions: before unlocking the lock, make sure) 42.14 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(1840   // to flush any pending memory writes from this processor.) 39.13 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(1841   cpuid\(0, 0, 0, 0, 0\);  // memory barrier \(see Ch 7, IA-32 manual vol 3\)) 46.956 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(1842 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(1843   lock->locked = 0;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(1844   if\(--cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock == 0\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(1845     sti\(\);) 9.03 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(1846 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(1847 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(1848 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(1849 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/proc.c  Page 5) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(1800 // Per-CPU process scheduler.) 148.529 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(1801 // Each CPU calls scheduler\(\) after setting itself up.) 257.742 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(1802 // Scheduler never returns.  It loops, doing:) 218.426 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(1803 //  - choose a process to run) 148.529 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(1804 //  - longjmp to start running that process) 209.689 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(1805 //  - eventually that process transfers control back) 249.005 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(1806 //      via longjmp back to the scheduler.) 205.32 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(1807 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(1808 scheduler\(void\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(1809 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(1810   struct proc *p;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(1811   int i;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(1812 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1813   for\(;;\){) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(1814     // Loop over process table looking for process to run.) 275.216 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(1815     acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(1816 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(1817     for\(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++\){) 157.267 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(1818       p = &proc[i];) 104.844 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(1819       if\(p->state != RUNNABLE\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(1820         continue;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(1821 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(1822       // Switch to chosen process.  It is the process's jo\
+b) 279.585 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(1823       // to release proc_table_lock and then reacquire it) 270.848 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(1824       // before jumping back to us.) 174.741 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(1825       cp = p;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(1826       setupsegs\(p\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(1827       p->state = RUNNING;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(1828       swtch\(&cpus[cpu\(\)].context, &p->context\);) 227.163 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(1829 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(1830       // Process is done running for now.) 200.952 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(1831       // It should have changed its p->state before coming\
+ back.) 301.427 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(1832       cp = 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1833       setupsegs\(0\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(1834     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(1835 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(1836     release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(1837   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(1838 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
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+0 -446.188 Td
+(1844 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(1845 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1846 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1847 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 18) 34.9481 Tj
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+(1874 ) 21.8426 Tj
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-(1940   struct jmpbuf jmpbuf;     // Jump here to run process) 36.12 Tj
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-(1951 //   text) 8.428 Tj
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-(1952 //   original data and bss) 18.662 Tj
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-(1963   uchar apicid;               // Local APIC ID) 30.702 Tj
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-(1964   struct jmpbuf jmpbuf;       // Jump here to enter scheduler) 39.732 Tj
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-(1966   struct segdesc gdt[NSEGS];  // x86 global descriptor table) 39.13 Tj
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+0 -37.9735 Td
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+(1960 }) 26.2111 Tj
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+(1961 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(1962 // Wake up all processes sleeping on chan.) 205.32 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(1963 // Proc_table_lock is acquired and released.) 214.057 Tj
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+(1974 // to user space \(see trap in trap.c\).) 187.846 Tj
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+0 -332.268 Td
+(1982     if\(p->pid == pid\){) 117.95 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(1983       p->killed = 1;) 109.213 Tj
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+0 -389.228 Td
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+(1990   }) 34.9481 Tj
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+0 -427.201 Td
+(1992   return -1;) 74.2647 Tj
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-(2016 ) 3.01 Tj
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-0 -27.4909 Td
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-(2022 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2023 // Set up CPU's segment descriptors and task state for a) 36.722 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2024 // given process.) 13.244 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2025 // If p==0, set up for "idle" state for when scheduler\(\)) 36.722 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2026 // is idling, not running any process.) 25.886 Tj
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-0 -66.7636 Td
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+(2000 // Exit the current process.  Does not return.) 222.794 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2001 // Exited processes remain in the zombie state) 222.794 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2002 // until their parent calls wait\(\) to find out they exit\
+ed.) 279.585 Tj
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+(2008 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2009   if\(cp == initproc\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2010     panic\("init exiting"\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2011 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2012   // Close all open files.) 135.424 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2013   for\(fd = 0; fd < NOFILE; fd++\){) 166.004 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2014     if\(cp->ofile[fd]\){) 117.95 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2015       fileclose\(cp->ofile[fd]\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2016       cp->ofile[fd] = 0;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2017     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2018   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2019 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2020   iput\(cp->cwd\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2021   cp->cwd = 0;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2022 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2023   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2024 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2025   // Parent might be sleeping in proc_wait.) 209.689 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2026   wakeup1\(cp->parent\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2027 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2028   // Pass abandoned children to init.) 183.478 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2029   for\(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++\){) 192.215 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2030     if\(p->parent == cp\){) 126.687 Tj
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+(2031       p->parent = initproc;) 139.792 Tj
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+(2032       if\(p->state == ZOMBIE\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2033         wakeup1\(initproc\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2034     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2035   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2036 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2037   // Jump into the scheduler, never to return.) 222.794 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2038   cp->killed = 0;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2039   cp->state = ZOMBIE;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2040   sched\(\);) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2041   panic\("zombie exit"\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2042 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2043 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2044 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2045 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2046 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2047 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2048 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2049 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 20) 34.9481 Tj
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 2) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2050   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2051 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2052   lgdt\(c->gdt, sizeof c->gdt\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2053   ltr\(SEG_TSS << 3\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
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-(2055 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2056 // Grow current process's memory by n bytes.) 29.498 Tj
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-0 -14.4 Td
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-(2063 ) 3.01 Tj
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-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2065   if\(newmem == 0\)) 13.244 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2066     return 0xffffffff;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2067   memmove\(newmem, cp->mem, cp->sz\);) 24.08 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2068   memset\(newmem + cp->sz, 0, n\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2069   oldmem = cp->mem;) 14.448 Tj
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-(2070   cp->mem = newmem;) 14.448 Tj
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-(2072   cp->sz += n;) 11.438 Tj
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-(2073   return cp->sz - n;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2074 }) 3.612 Tj
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-(2075 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
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-0 -57.6 Td
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-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2092   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2093 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2094 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2095 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2096 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2097 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2098 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2099 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
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+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2050 // Wait for a child process to exit and return its pid.) 262.111 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2051 // Return -1 if this process has no children.) 218.426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2052 int) 34.9481 Tj
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+(2055   struct proc *p;) 96.1073 Tj
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+(2059   for\(;;\){) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2060     // Scan through table looking for zombie children.) 257.742 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2061     havekids = 0;) 96.1073 Tj
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+(2062     for\(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++\){) 157.267 Tj
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+(2063       p = &proc[i];) 104.844 Tj
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+(2064       if\(p->state == UNUSED\)) 144.161 Tj
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+(2065         continue;) 96.1073 Tj
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+0 -199.361 Td
+(2068           // Found one.) 122.318 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2069           kfree\(p->mem, p->sz\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2070           kfree\(p->kstack, KSTACKSIZE\);) 192.215 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2071           pid = p->pid;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2072           p->state = UNUSED;) 144.161 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2073           p->pid = 0;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2074           p->parent = 0;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2075           p->name[0] = 0;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2076           release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2077           return pid;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2078         }) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2079         havekids = 1;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2080       }) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2081     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2082 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2083     // No point waiting if we don't have any children.) 257.742 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2084     if\(!havekids || cp->killed\){) 161.635 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2085       release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2086       return -1;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2087     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2088 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2089     // Wait for children to exit.  \(See wakeup1 call in p\
+roc_exit.\)) 314.533 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2090     sleep\(cp, &proc_table_lock\);) 161.635 Tj
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-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2100 // Create a new process copying p as the parent.) 31.906 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2101 // Does not copy the kernel stack.) 23.478 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2102 // Instead, sets up stack to return as if from system call.) 38.528 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2103 // Caller must arrange for process to run \(set state to RUNNABLE\).) 42.742 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2104 struct proc*) 10.234 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
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-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2109 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2110   // Allocate process.) 16.254 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2111   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2112   if\(\(np = allocproc\(\)\) == 0\){) 21.07 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2113     release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2114     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2115   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2116   np->pid = next_pid++;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2117   np->ppid = p->pid;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
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-0 -28.8 Td
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-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2120   // Copy user memory.) 16.254 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2121   np->sz = p->sz;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2122   np->mem = kalloc\(np->sz\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2123   if\(np->mem == 0\){) 14.448 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2124     np->state = UNUSED;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2125     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2126   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2127   memmove\(np->mem, p->mem, np->sz\);) 24.08 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2128 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2129   // Allocate kernel stack.) 19.264 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2130   np->kstack = kalloc\(KSTACKSIZE\);) 23.478 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2131   if\(np->kstack == 0\){) 16.254 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2132     kfree\(np->mem, np->sz\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2133     np->mem = 0;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2134     np->state = UNUSED;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2135     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2136   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2137 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2138   // Copy trapframe registers from parent.) 28.294 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2139   np->tf = \(struct trapframe*\)\(np->kstack + KSTACKSIZE\) - 1;) 39.13 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2140   memmove\(np->tf, p->tf, sizeof\(*np->tf\)\);) 28.294 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2141 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2142   // Clear %eax so that fork system call returns 0 in child.) 39.13 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2143   np->tf->eax = 0;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2144 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2145   // Set up new jmpbuf to start executing at forkret \(see below\).) 42.14 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2146   memset\(&np->jmpbuf, 0, sizeof np->jmpbuf\);) 29.498 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2147   np->jmpbuf.eip = \(uint\)forkret;) 22.876 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2148   np->jmpbuf.esp = \(uint\)np->tf - 4;) 24.682 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2149 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 21) 4.816 Tj
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+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/proc.c  Page 11) 166.004 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2100 // Print a process listing to console.  For debugging.) 257.742 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2101 // Runs when user types ^P on console.) 187.846 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2102 // No lock to avoid wedging a stuck machine further.) 249.005 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2103 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2104 procdump\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2105 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2106   static char *states[] = {) 139.792 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2107   [UNUSED]    "unused",) 122.318 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2108   [EMBRYO]    "embryo",) 122.318 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2109   [SLEEPING]  "sleep ",) 122.318 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2110   [RUNNABLE]  "runble",) 122.318 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2111   [RUNNING]   "run   ",) 122.318 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2112   [ZOMBIE]    "zombie") 117.95 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2113   };) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2114   int i, j;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2115   struct proc *p;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2116   char *state;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2117   uint pc[10];) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2118 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2119   for\(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++\){) 148.529 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2120     p = &proc[i];) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2121     if\(p->state == UNUSED\)) 135.424 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2122       continue;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2123     if\(p->state >= 0 && p->state < NELEM\(states\) && sta\
+tes[p->state]\)) 323.27 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2124       state = states[p->state];) 157.267 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2125     else) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2126       state = "???";) 109.213 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2127     cprintf\("%d %s %s", p->pid, state, p->name\);) 231.531 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2128     if\(p->state == SLEEPING\){) 148.529 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2129       getcallerpcs\(\(uint*\)p->context.ebp+2, pc\);) 231.531 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2130       for\(j=0; j<10 && pc[j] != 0; j++\)) 192.215 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2131         cprintf\(" %p", pc[j]\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2132     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2133     cprintf\("\\n"\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2134   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2135 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2136 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2137 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2138 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2139 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2140 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2141 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2142 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2143 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2144 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(2145 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(2146 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(2147 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(2148 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(2149 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 21) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
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+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
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-0 0 Td
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 4) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2150   // Copy file descriptors) 18.662 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2151   for\(i = 0; i < NOFILE; i++\){) 21.07 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2152     np->ofile[i] = p->ofile[i];) 21.672 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2153     if\(np->ofile[i]\)) 15.05 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2154       fileincref\(np->ofile[i]\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2155   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2156 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2157   np->cwd = p->cwd;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2158   iincref\(p->cwd\);) 13.846 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2159 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2160   return np;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2161 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2162 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2163 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2164 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2165 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2166 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2167 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2168 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2169 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2170 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2171 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2172 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2173 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2174 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2175 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2176 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2177 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2178 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2179 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2180 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2181 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2182 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2183 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2184 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2185 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2186 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2187 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2188 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2189 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2190 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2191 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2192 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2193 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2194 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2195 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2196 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2197 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2198 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2199 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 21) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/swtch.S  Page 1) 166.004 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2150 #   void swtch\(struct context *old, struct context *new\)\
+;) 270.848 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2151 #) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2152 # Save current register context in old) 187.846 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2153 # and then load register context from new.) 205.32 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2154 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2155 .globl swtch) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2156 swtch:) 48.0537 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2157   # Save old registers) 117.95 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2158   movl 4\(%esp\), %eax) 109.213 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2159 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2160   popl 0\(%eax\)  # %eip) 117.95 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2161   movl %esp, 4\(%eax\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2162   movl %ebx, 8\(%eax\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2163   movl %ecx, 12\(%eax\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2164   movl %edx, 16\(%eax\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2165   movl %esi, 20\(%eax\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2166   movl %edi, 24\(%eax\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2167   movl %ebp, 28\(%eax\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2168 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2169   # Load new registers) 117.95 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2170   movl 4\(%esp\), %eax  # not 8\(%esp\) - popped return ad\
+dress above) 305.796 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2171 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2172   movl 28\(%eax\), %ebp) 113.581 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2173   movl 24\(%eax\), %edi) 113.581 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2174   movl 20\(%eax\), %esi) 113.581 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2175   movl 16\(%eax\), %edx) 113.581 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2176   movl 12\(%eax\), %ecx) 113.581 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2177   movl 8\(%eax\), %ebx) 109.213 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2178   movl 4\(%eax\), %esp) 109.213 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2179   pushl 0\(%eax\)  # %eip) 122.318 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2180 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2181   ret) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2182 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2183 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2184 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2185 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2186 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2187 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2188 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2189 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2190 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2191 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2192 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2193 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2194 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(2195 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(2196 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(2197 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(2198 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(2199 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 21) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -9022,6 +9599,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
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@@ -9029,241 +9609,260 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
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-0 g
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+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
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 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
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+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 5) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2200 // Per-CPU process scheduler.) 20.468 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2201 // Each CPU calls scheduler\(\) after setting itself up.) 35.518 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2202 // Scheduler never returns.  It loops, doing:) 30.1 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2203 //  - choose a process to run) 20.468 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2204 //  - longjmp to start running that process) 28.896 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2205 //  - eventually that process transfers control back) 34.314 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2206 //      via longjmp back to the top of scheduler.) 32.508 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2207 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2208 scheduler\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2209 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2210   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2211   int i;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2212 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2213   for\(;;\){) 9.03 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2214     // Loop over process table looking for process to run.) 37.926 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2215     acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2216 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2217     for\(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++\){) 21.672 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2218       p = &proc[i];) 14.448 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2219       if\(p->state != RUNNABLE\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2220         continue;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2221 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2222       // Switch to chosen process.  It is the process's job) 38.528 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2223       // to release proc_table_lock and then reacquire it) 37.324 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2224       // before jumping back to us.) 24.08 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2225 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2226       setupsegs\(p\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2227       curproc[cpu\(\)] = p;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2228       p->state = RUNNING;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2229       if\(setjmp\(&cpus[cpu\(\)].jmpbuf\) == 0\)) 28.294 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2230         longjmp\(&p->jmpbuf\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2231 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2232       // Process is done running for now.) 27.692 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2233       // It should have changed its p->state before coming back.) 41.538 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2234       curproc[cpu\(\)] = 0;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2235 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2236       setupsegs\(0\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2237     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2238 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2239     release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2240   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2241 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2242 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2243 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2244 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2245 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2246 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2247 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2248 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2249 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 22) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/kalloc.c  Page 1) 170.372 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2200 // Physical memory allocator, intended to allocate) 240.268 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2201 // memory for user processes. Allocates in 4096-byte "page\
+s".) 288.322 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2202 // Free list is kept sorted and combines adjacent pages in\
+to) 283.953 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2203 // long runs, to make it easier to allocate big segments.) 270.848 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2204 // One reason the page size is 4k is that the x86 segment \
+size) 292.69 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2205 // granularity is 4k.) 113.581 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2206 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2207 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2208 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2209 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2210 #include "spinlock.h") 113.581 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2211 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2212 struct spinlock kalloc_lock;) 144.161 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2213 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2214 struct run {) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2215   struct run *next;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2216   int len; // bytes) 104.844 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2217 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2218 struct run *freelist;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2219 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2220 // Initialize free list of physical pages.) 205.32 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2221 // This code cheats by just considering one megabyte of) 262.111 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2222 // pages after _end.  Real systems would determine the) 257.742 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2223 // amount of memory available in the system and use it all\
+.) 279.585 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2224 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2225 kinit\(void\)) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2226 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2227   extern int end;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2228   uint mem;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2229   char *start;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2230 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2231   initlock\(&kalloc_lock, "kalloc"\);) 174.741 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2232   start = \(char*\) &end;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2233   start = \(char*\) \(\(\(uint\)start + PAGE\) & ~\(PAGE-1\
+\)\);) 253.374 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2234   mem = 256; // assume computer has 256 pages of RAM) 249.005 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2235   cprintf\("mem = %d\\n", mem * PAGE\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2236   kfree\(start, mem * PAGE\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2237 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2238 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2239 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2240 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2241 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2242 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2243 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2244 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(2245 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(2246 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(2247 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(2248 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(2249 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 22) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
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 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
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-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 6) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2250 // Enter scheduler.  Must already hold proc_table_lock) 35.518 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2251 // and have changed curproc[cpu\(\)]->state.) 28.294 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2252 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
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-0 -9.16364 Td
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-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2255   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2256 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2257   if\(!holding\(&proc_table_lock\)\)) 22.274 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2258     panic\("sched"\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2259   if\(cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock != 1\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2260     panic\("sched locks"\);) 18.06 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2261 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2262   if\(setjmp\(&p->jmpbuf\) == 0\)) 20.468 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2263     longjmp\(&cpus[cpu\(\)].jmpbuf\);) 22.876 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2264 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2265 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2266 // Give up the CPU for one scheduling round.) 29.498 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2267 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2268 yield\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2269 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2270   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2271 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2272   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2273   p->state = RUNNABLE;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2274   sched\(\);) 9.03 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2275   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2276 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2277 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2278 // A fork child's very first scheduling by scheduler\(\)) 35.518 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2279 // will longjmp here. "return" to user space.) 30.1 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2280 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2281 forkret\(void\)) 10.836 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2282 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2283   // Still holding proc_table_lock from scheduler.) 33.11 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2284   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2285 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2286   // Jump into assembly, never to return.) 27.692 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2287   forkret1\(curproc[cpu\(\)]->tf\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2288 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2289 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2290 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2291 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2292 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2293 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2294 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2295 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2296 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2297 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2298 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2299 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 22) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/kalloc.c  Page 2) 170.372 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2250 // Free the len bytes of memory pointed at by v,) 231.531 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2251 // which normally should have been returned by a) 231.531 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2252 // call to kalloc\(len\).  \(The exception is when) 227.163 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2253 // initializing the allocator; see kinit above.\)) 231.531 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2254 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2255 kfree\(char *v, int len\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2256 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2257   struct run *r, *rend, **rp, *p, *pend;) 196.583 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2258 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2259   if\(len <= 0 || len % PAGE\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2260     panic\("kfree"\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2261 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2262   // Fill with junk to catch dangling refs.) 209.689 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2263   memset\(v, 1, len\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2264 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2265   acquire\(&kalloc_lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2266   p = \(struct run*\)v;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2267   pend = \(struct run*\)\(v + len\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2268   for\(rp=&freelist; \(r=*rp\) != 0 && r <= pend; rp=&r->n\
+ext\){) 283.953 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2269     rend = \(struct run*\)\(\(char*\)r + r->len\);) 214.057 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2270     if\(r <= p && p < rend\)) 135.424 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2271       panic\("freeing free page"\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2272     if\(pend == r\){  // p next to r: replace r with p) 249.005 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2273       p->len = len + r->len;) 144.161 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2274       p->next = r->next;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2275       *rp = p;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2276       goto out;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2277     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2278     if\(rend == p\){  // r next to p: replace p with r) 249.005 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2279       r->len += len;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2280       if\(r->next && r->next == pend\){  // r now next to \
+r->next?) 301.427 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2281         r->len += r->next->len;) 157.267 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2282         r->next = r->next->next;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2283       }) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2284       goto out;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2285     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2286   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2287   // Insert p before r in list.) 157.267 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2288   p->len = len;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2289   p->next = r;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2290   *rp = p;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2291 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2292  out:) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2293   release\(&kalloc_lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2294 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(2295 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(2296 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(2297 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(2298 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(2299 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 22) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
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@@ -9274,7 +9873,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 30 30
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-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
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+-612 -792 translate
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@@ -9282,241 +9884,259 @@ __tumble pdfStartPage
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+/DeviceGray {} cs
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+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
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-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
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-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 7) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2300 // Atomically release lock and sleep on chan.) 30.1 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2301 // Reacquires lock when reawakened.) 24.08 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2302 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
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-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2304 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2305   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2306 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2307   if\(p == 0\)) 10.234 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2308     panic\("sleep"\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2309 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2310   if\(lk == 0\)) 10.836 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2311     panic\("sleep without lk"\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2312 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2313   // Must acquire proc_table_lock in order to) 30.1 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2314   // change p->state and then call sched.) 27.692 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2315   // Once we hold proc_table_lock, we can be) 29.498 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2316   // guaranteed that we won't miss any wakeup) 30.1 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2317   // \(wakeup runs with proc_table_lock locked\),) 31.304 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2318   // so it's okay to release lk.) 22.274 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2319   if\(lk != &proc_table_lock\){) 20.468 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2320     acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
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-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2322   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2323 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2324   // Go to sleep.) 13.244 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2325   p->chan = chan;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2326   p->state = SLEEPING;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2327   sched\(\);) 9.03 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2328 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2329   // Tidy up.) 10.836 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2330   p->chan = 0;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2331 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2332   // Reacquire original lock.) 20.468 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2333   if\(lk != &proc_table_lock\){) 20.468 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2334     release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2335     acquire\(lk\);) 12.642 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2336   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2337 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2338 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2339 // Wake up all processes sleeping on chan.) 28.294 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2340 // Proc_table_lock must be held.) 22.274 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2341 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2342 wakeup1\(void *chan\)) 14.448 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2343 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2344   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2345 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2346   for\(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++\)) 25.886 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2347     if\(p->state == SLEEPING && p->chan == chan\)) 31.304 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2348       p->state = RUNNABLE;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2349 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 23) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/kalloc.c  Page 3) 170.372 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2300 // Allocate n bytes of physical memory.) 192.215 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2301 // Returns a kernel-segment pointer.) 179.109 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2302 // Returns 0 if the memory cannot be allocated.) 227.163 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2303 char*) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2304 kalloc\(int n\)) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2305 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2306   char *p;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2307   struct run *r, **rp;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2308 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2309   if\(n % PAGE || n <= 0\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2310     panic\("kalloc"\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2311 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2312   acquire\(&kalloc_lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2313   for\(rp=&freelist; \(r=*rp\) != 0; rp=&r->next\){) 227.163 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2314     if\(r->len == n\){) 109.213 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2315       *rp = r->next;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2316       release\(&kalloc_lock\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2317       return \(char*\)r;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2318     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2319     if\(r->len > n\){) 104.844 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2320       r->len -= n;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2321       p = \(char*\)r + r->len;) 144.161 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2322       release\(&kalloc_lock\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2323       return p;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2324     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2325   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2326   release\(&kalloc_lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2327 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2328   cprintf\("kalloc: out of memory\\n"\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2329   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2330 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2331 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2332 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2333 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2334 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2335 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2336 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2337 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2338 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2339 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2340 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2341 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2342 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2343 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2344 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(2345 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(2346 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(2347 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(2348 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(2349 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 23) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 8) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2350 // Wake up all processes sleeping on chan.) 28.294 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2351 // Proc_table_lock is acquired and released.) 29.498 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2352 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2353 wakeup\(void *chan\)) 13.846 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2354 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2355   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2356   wakeup1\(chan\);) 12.642 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2357   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2358 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2359 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2360 // Kill the process with the given pid.) 26.488 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2361 // Process won't actually exit until it returns) 31.304 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2362 // to user space \(see trap in trap.c\).) 25.886 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2363 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2364 proc_kill\(int pid\)) 13.846 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2365 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2366   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2367 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2368   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2369   for\(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++\){) 26.488 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2370     if\(p->pid == pid\){) 16.254 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2371       p->killed = 1;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2372       // Wake process from sleep if necessary.) 30.702 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2373       if\(p->state == SLEEPING\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2374         p->state = RUNNABLE;) 19.866 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2375       release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2376       return 0;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2377     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2378   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2379   release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2380   return -1;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2381 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2382 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2383 // Exit the current process.  Does not return.) 30.702 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2384 // Exited processes remain in the zombie state) 30.702 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2385 // until their parent calls wait\(\) to find out they exited.) 38.528 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2386 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2387 proc_exit\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2388 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2389   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2390   struct proc *cp = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 24.08 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2391   int fd;) 8.428 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2392 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2393   // Close all open files.) 18.662 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2394   for\(fd = 0; fd < NOFILE; fd++\){) 22.876 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2395     if\(cp->ofile[fd]\){) 16.254 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2396       fileclose\(cp->ofile[fd]\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2397       cp->ofile[fd] = 0;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2398     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2399   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 23) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/traps.h  Page 1) 166.004 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2350 // x86 trap and interrupt constants.) 179.109 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2351 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2352 // Processor-defined:) 113.581 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2353 #define T_DIVIDE         0      // divide error) 227.163 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2354 #define T_DEBUG          1      // debug exception) 240.268 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2355 #define T_NMI            2      // non-maskable interrupt) 270.848 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2356 #define T_BRKPT          3      // breakpoint) 218.426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2357 #define T_OFLOW          4      // overflow) 209.689 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2358 #define T_BOUND          5      // bounds check) 227.163 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2359 #define T_ILLOP          6      // illegal opcode) 235.9 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2360 #define T_DEVICE         7      // device not available) 262.111 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2361 #define T_DBLFLT         8      // double fault) 227.163 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2362 // #define T_COPROC      9      // reserved \(not used sin\
+ce 486\)) 301.427 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2363 #define T_TSS           10      // invalid task switch seg\
+ment) 292.69 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2364 #define T_SEGNP         11      // segment not present) 257.742 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2365 #define T_STACK         12      // stack exception) 240.268 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2366 #define T_GPFLT         13      // general protection faul\
+t) 279.585 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2367 #define T_PGFLT         14      // page fault) 218.426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2368 // #define T_RES        15      // reserved) 209.689 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2369 #define T_FPERR         16      // floating point error) 262.111 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2370 #define T_ALIGN         17      // aligment check) 235.9 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2371 #define T_MCHK          18      // machine check) 231.531 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2372 #define T_SIMDERR       19      // SIMD floating point err\
+or) 283.953 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2373 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2374 // These are arbitrarily chosen, but with care not to over\
+lap) 288.322 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2375 // processor defined exceptions or interrupt vectors.) 253.374 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2376 #define T_SYSCALL       48      // system call) 222.794 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2377 #define T_DEFAULT      500      // catchall) 209.689 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2378 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2379 #define IRQ_OFFSET      32      // IRQ 0 corresponds to in\
+t IRQ_OFFSET) 327.639 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2380 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2381 #define IRQ_TIMER        0) 135.424 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2382 #define IRQ_KBD          1) 135.424 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2383 #define IRQ_IDE         14) 135.424 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2384 #define IRQ_ERROR       19) 135.424 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2385 #define IRQ_SPURIOUS    31) 135.424 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2386 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2387 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2388 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2389 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2390 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2391 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2392 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2393 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2394 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(2395 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(2396 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(2397 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(2398 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(2399 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 23) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -9528,6 +10148,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
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@@ -9535,241 +10158,253 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
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-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
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+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 9) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2400   idecref\(cp->cwd\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2401   cp->cwd = 0;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2402 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2403   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2404 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2405   // Wake up our parent.) 17.458 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2406   for\(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++\)) 25.886 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2407     if\(p->pid == cp->ppid\)) 18.662 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2408       wakeup1\(p\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2409 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2410   // Reparent our children to process 1.) 27.09 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2411   for\(p = proc; p < &proc[NPROC]; p++\)) 25.886 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2412     if\(p->ppid == cp->pid\)) 18.662 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2413       p->ppid = 1;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2414 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2415   // Jump into the scheduler, never to return.) 30.702 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2416   cp->killed = 0;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2417   cp->state = ZOMBIE;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2418   sched\(\);) 9.03 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2419   panic\("zombie exit"\);) 16.856 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2420 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2421 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2422 // Wait for a child process to exit and return its pid.) 36.12 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2423 // Return -1 if this process has no children.) 30.1 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2424 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2425 proc_wait\(void\)) 12.04 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2426 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2427   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2428   struct proc *cp = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 24.08 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2429   int i, havekids, pid;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2430 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2431   acquire\(&proc_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2432   for\(;;\){) 9.03 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2433     // Scan through table looking for zombie children.) 35.518 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2434     havekids = 0;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2435     for\(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++\){) 21.672 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2436       p = &proc[i];) 14.448 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2437       if\(p->state == UNUSED\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2438         continue;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2439       if\(p->ppid == cp->pid\){) 20.468 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2440         if\(p->state == ZOMBIE\){) 21.672 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2441           // Found one.) 16.856 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2442           kfree\(p->mem, p->sz\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2443           kfree\(p->kstack, KSTACKSIZE\);) 26.488 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2444           pid = p->pid;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2445           p->state = UNUSED;) 19.866 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2446           p->pid = 0;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2447           p->ppid = 0;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2448           release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 24.682 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2449           return pid;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 24) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/vectors.pl  Page 1) 179.109 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2400 #!/usr/bin/perl -w) 100.476 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2401 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2402 # Generate vectors.S, the trap/interrupt entry points.) 257.742 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2403 # There has to be one entry point per interrupt number) 257.742 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2404 # since otherwise there's no way for trap\(\) to discover) 262.111 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2405 # the interrupt number.) 122.318 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2406 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2407 print "# generated by vectors.pl - do not edit\\n";) 240.268 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2408 print "# handlers\\n";) 113.581 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2409 print ".text\\n";) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2410 print ".globl alltraps\\n";) 135.424 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2411 for\(my $i = 0; $i < 256; $i++\){) 157.267 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2412     print ".globl vector$i\\n";) 152.898 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2413     print "vector$i:\\n";) 126.687 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2414     if\(\($i < 8 || $i > 14\) && $i != 17\){) 196.583 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2415         print "  pushl \\$0\\n";) 152.898 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2416     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2417     print "  pushl \\$$i\\n";) 139.792 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2418     print "  jmp alltraps\\n";) 148.529 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2419 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2420 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2421 print "\\n# vector table\\n";) 139.792 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2422 print ".data\\n";) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2423 print ".globl vectors\\n";) 131.055 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2424 print "vectors:\\n";) 104.844 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2425 for\(my $i = 0; $i < 256; $i++\){) 157.267 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2426     print "  .long vector$i\\n";) 157.267 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2427 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2428 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2429 # sample output:) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2430 #   # handlers) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2431 #   .text) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2432 #   .globl alltraps) 104.844 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2433 #   .globl vector0) 100.476 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2434 #   vector0:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2435 #     pushl $0) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2436 #     pushl $0) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2437 #     jmp alltraps) 100.476 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2438 #   ...) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2439 #) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2440 #   # vector table) 100.476 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2441 #   .data) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2442 #   .globl vectors) 100.476 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2443 #   vectors:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2444 #     .long vector0) 104.844 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(2445 #     .long vector1) 104.844 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(2446 #     .long vector2) 104.844 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(2447 #   ...) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(2448 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(2449 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 24) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/proc.c  Page 10) 22.876 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2450         }) 8.428 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2451         havekids = 1;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2452       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2453     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2454 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2455     // No point waiting if we don't have any children.) 35.518 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2456     if\(!havekids\){) 13.846 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2457       release\(&proc_table_lock\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2458       return -1;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2459     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2460 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2461     // Wait for children to exit.  \(See wakeup1 call in proc_exit.\)) 43.344 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2462     sleep\(cp, &proc_table_lock\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2463   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2464 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2465 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2466 // Print a process listing to console.  For debugging.) 35.518 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2467 // Runs when user types ^P on console.) 25.886 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2468 // No lock to avoid wedging a stuck machine further.) 34.314 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2469 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2470 procdump\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2471 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2472   int i;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2473   struct proc *p;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2474 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2475   for\(i = 0; i < NPROC; i++\) {) 21.07 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2476     p = &proc[i];) 13.244 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2477     if\(p->state == UNUSED\)) 18.662 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2478       continue;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2479     cprintf\("%d %d %p\\n", p->pid, p->state\);) 29.498 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2480   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2481 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2482 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2483 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2484 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2485 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2486 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2487 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2488 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2489 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2490 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2491 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2492 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2493 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2494 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2495 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2496 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2497 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2498 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2499 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 24) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/trapasm.S  Page 1) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2450 .text) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2451 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2452 .set SEG_KDATA_SEL, 0x10   # selector for SEG_KDATA) 244.637 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2453 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2454   # vectors.S sends all traps here.) 174.741 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2455 .globl alltraps) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2456 alltraps:) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2457   # Build trap frame.) 113.581 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2458   pushl %ds) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2459   pushl %es) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2460   pushal) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2461 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2462   # Set up data segments.) 131.055 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2463   movl $SEG_KDATA_SEL, %eax) 139.792 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2464   movw %ax,%ds) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2465   movw %ax,%es) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2466 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2467   # Call trap\(tf\), where tf=%esp) 161.635 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2468   pushl %esp) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2469   call trap) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2470   addl $4, %esp) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2471 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2472   # Return falls through to trapret...) 187.846 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2473 .globl trapret) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2474 trapret:) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2475   popal) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2476   popl %es) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2477   popl %ds) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2478   addl $0x8, %esp  # trapno and errcode) 192.215 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2479   iret) 48.0537 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2480 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2481   # A forked process switches to user mode by calling) 253.374 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2482   # forkret1\(tf\), where tf is the trap frame to use.) 249.005 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2483 .globl forkret1) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2484 forkret1:) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2485   movl 4\(%esp\), %esp) 109.213 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2486   jmp trapret) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2487 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2488 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2489 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2490 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2491 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2492 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2493 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2494 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(2495 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(2496 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(2497 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(2498 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(2499 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 24) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -9780,7 +10415,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 32 32
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -9788,241 +10426,264 @@ __tumble pdfStartPage
 0 J
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 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/setjmp.S  Page 1) 23.478 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2500 #   int  setjmp\(struct jmpbuf *jmp\);) 24.682 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2501 #   void longjmp\(struct jmpbuf *jmp\);) 25.284 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2502 #) 3.612 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2503 # Setjmp saves its stack environment in jmp for later use by longjmp.) 44.548 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2504 # It returns 0.) 12.04 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2505 #) 3.612 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2506 # Longjmp restores the environment saved by the last call of setjmp.) 43.946 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2507 # It then causes execution to continue as if the call of setjmp) 40.936 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2508 # had just returned 1.) 16.254 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2509 #) 3.612 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2510 # The caller of setjmp must not itself have returned in the interim.) 43.946 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2511 # All accessible data have values as of the time longjmp was called.) 43.946 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2512 #) 3.612 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2513 #    [Description, but not code, borrowed from Plan 9.]) 36.12 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2514 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2515 .globl setjmp) 10.836 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2516 setjmp:) 7.224 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2517   movl 4\(%esp\), %eax) 15.05 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2518 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2519   movl %ebx, 0\(%eax\)) 15.05 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2520   movl %ecx, 4\(%eax\)) 15.05 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2521   movl %edx, 8\(%eax\)) 15.05 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2522   movl %esi, 12\(%eax\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2523   movl %edi, 16\(%eax\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2524   movl %esp, 20\(%eax\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2525   movl %ebp, 24\(%eax\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2526   pushl 0\(%esp\)   # %eip) 17.458 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2527   popl 28\(%eax\)) 12.04 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2528 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2529   movl $0, %eax   # return value) 22.274 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2530   ret) 6.02 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2531 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2532 .globl longjmp) 11.438 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2533 longjmp:) 7.826 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2534   movl 4\(%esp\), %eax) 15.05 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2535 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2536   movl 0\(%eax\), %ebx) 15.05 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2537   movl 4\(%eax\), %ecx) 15.05 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2538   movl 8\(%eax\), %edx) 15.05 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2539   movl 12\(%eax\), %esi) 15.652 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2540   movl 16\(%eax\), %edi) 15.652 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2541   movl 20\(%eax\), %esp) 15.652 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2542   movl 24\(%eax\), %ebp) 15.652 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2543 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2544   addl $4, %esp   # pop and discard %eip) 27.09 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2545   pushl 28\(%eax\)  # push new %eip) 22.876 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2546 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2547   movl $1, %eax   # return value \(appears to come from setjmp!\)) 40.936 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2548   ret) 6.02 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2549 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 25) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/trap.c  Page 1) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2500 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2501 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2502 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2503 #include "mmu.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2504 #include "proc.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2505 #include "x86.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2506 #include "traps.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2507 #include "spinlock.h") 113.581 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2508 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2509 // Interrupt descriptor table \(shared by all CPUs\).) 244.637 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2510 struct gatedesc idt[256];) 131.055 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2511 extern uint vectors[];  // in vectors.S: array of 256 entr\
+y pointers) 318.902 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2512 struct spinlock tickslock;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2513 int ticks;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2514 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2515 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2516 tvinit\(void\)) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2517 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2518   int i;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2519 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2520   for\(i = 0; i < 256; i++\)) 135.424 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2521     SETGATE\(idt[i], 0, SEG_KCODE<<3, vectors[i], 0\);) 249.005 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2522   SETGATE\(idt[T_SYSCALL], 0, SEG_KCODE<<3, vectors[T_SYSC\
+ALL], DPL_USER\);) 340.744 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2523 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2524   initlock\(&tickslock, "time"\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2525 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2526 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2527 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2528 idtinit\(void\)) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2529 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2530   lidt\(idt, sizeof\(idt\)\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2531 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2532 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2533 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2534 trap\(struct trapframe *tf\)) 135.424 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2535 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2536   if\(tf->trapno == T_SYSCALL\){) 152.898 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2537     if\(cp->killed\)) 100.476 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2538       exit\(\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2539     cp->tf = tf;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2540     syscall\(\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2541     if\(cp->killed\)) 100.476 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2542       exit\(\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2543     return;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2544   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(2545 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(2546   // Increment nlock to make sure interrupts stay off) 253.374 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(2547   // during interrupt handler.  Decrement before returning\
+.) 279.585 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(2548   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock++;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(2549 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 25) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/kalloc.c  Page 1) 23.478 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2550 // Physical memory allocator, intended to allocate) 33.11 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2551 // memory for user processes. Allocates in 4096-byte "pages".) 39.732 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2552 // Free list is kept sorted and combines adjacent pages into) 39.13 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2553 // long runs, to make it easier to allocate big segments.) 37.324 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2554 // One reason the page size is 4k is that the x86 segment size) 40.334 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2555 // granularity is 4k.) 15.652 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2556 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2557 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2558 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2559 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2560 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2561 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2562 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2563 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2564 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2565 struct spinlock kalloc_lock;) 19.866 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2566 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2567 struct run {) 10.234 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2568   struct run *next;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2569   int len; // bytes) 14.448 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2570 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2571 struct run *freelist;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2572 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2573 // Initialize free list of physical pages.) 28.294 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2574 // This code cheats by just considering one megabyte of) 36.12 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2575 // pages after _end.  Real systems would determine the) 35.518 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2576 // amount of memory available in the system and use it all.) 38.528 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2577 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2578 kinit\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2579 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2580   extern int end;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2581   uint mem;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2582   char *start;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2583 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2584   initlock\(&kalloc_lock, "kalloc"\);) 24.08 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2585   start = \(char*\) &end;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2586   start = \(char*\) \(\(\(uint\)start + PAGE\) & ~\(PAGE-1\)\);) 34.916 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2587   mem = 256; // assume computer has 256 pages of RAM) 34.314 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2588   cprintf\("mem = %d\\n", mem * PAGE\);) 24.682 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2589   kfree\(start, mem * PAGE\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2590 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2591 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2592 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2593 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2594 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2595 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2596 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2597 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2598 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2599 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 25) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/trap.c  Page 2) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2550   switch\(tf->trapno\){) 113.581 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2551   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_TIMER:) 152.898 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2552     if\(cpu\(\) == 0\){) 104.844 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2553       acquire\(&tickslock\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2554       ticks++;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2555       wakeup\(&ticks\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2556       release\(&tickslock\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2557     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2558     lapic_eoi\(\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2559     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2560   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_IDE:) 144.161 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2561     ide_intr\(\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2562     lapic_eoi\(\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2563     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2564   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_KBD:) 144.161 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2565     kbd_intr\(\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(2566     lapic_eoi\(\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(2567     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(2568   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_SPURIOUS:) 166.004 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(2569     cprintf\("spurious interrupt from cpu %d eip %x\\n", c\
+pu\(\), tf->eip\);) 332.007 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(2570     lapic_eoi\(\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2571     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(2572 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2573   default:) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(2574     if\(cp == 0\){) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2575       // Otherwise it's our mistake.) 179.109 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2576       cprintf\("unexpected trap %d from cpu %d eip %x\\n",) 266.479 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2577               tf->trapno, cpu\(\), tf->eip\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2578       panic\("trap"\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2579     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2580     // Assume process divided by zero or dereferenced null\
+, etc.) 301.427 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2581     cprintf\("pid %d %s: trap %d err %d on cpu %d eip %x -\
+- kill proc\\n",) 336.376 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2582             cp->pid, cp->name, tf->trapno, tf->err, cpu\(\)\
+, tf->eip\);) 318.902 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2583     cp->killed = 1;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2584   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2585   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock--;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2586 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(2587   // Force process exit if it has been killed and is in us\
+er space.) 314.533 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(2588   // \(If it is still executing in the kernel, let it keep\
+ running) 305.796 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(2589   // until it gets to the regular system call return.\)) 257.742 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(2590   if\(cp && cp->killed && \(tf->cs&3\) == DPL_USER\)) 231.531 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(2591     exit\(\);) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(2592 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(2593   // Force process to give up CPU on clock tick.) 231.531 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(2594   // If interrupts were on while locks held, would need to\
+ check nlock.) 332.007 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(2595   if\(cp && cp->state == RUNNING && tf->trapno == IRQ_OFFS\
+ET+IRQ_TIMER\)) 327.639 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(2596     yield\(\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(2597 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(2598 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(2599 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 25) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -10034,6 +10695,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -10041,241 +10705,256 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/kalloc.c  Page 2) 23.478 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2600 // Free the len bytes of memory pointed at by cp,) 32.508 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2601 // which normally should have been returned by a) 31.906 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2602 // call to kalloc\(cp\).  \(The exception is when) 30.702 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2603 // initializing the allocator; see kinit above.\)) 31.906 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2604 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2605 kfree\(char *cp, int len\)) 17.458 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2606 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2607   struct run **rr;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2608   struct run *p = \(struct run*\) cp;) 24.08 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2609   struct run *pend = \(struct run*\) \(cp + len\);) 30.702 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2610   int i;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2611 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2612   if\(len % PAGE\)) 12.642 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2613     panic\("kfree"\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2614 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2615   // Fill with junk to catch dangling refs.) 28.896 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2616   for\(i = 0; i < len; i++\)) 18.662 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2617     cp[i] = 1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2618 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2619   acquire\(&kalloc_lock\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2620 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2621   rr = &freelist;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2622   while\(*rr\){) 10.836 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2623     struct run *rend = \(struct run*\) \(\(char*\)\(*rr\) + \(*rr\)->len\);) 42.14 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2624     if\(p >= *rr && p < rend\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2625       panic\("freeing free page"\);) 22.876 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2626     if\(pend == *rr\){) 15.05 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2627       p->len = len + \(*rr\)->len;) 22.274 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2628       p->next = \(*rr\)->next;) 19.866 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2629       *rr = p;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2630       goto out;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2631     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2632     if\(pend < *rr\){) 14.448 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2633       p->len = len;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2634       p->next = *rr;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2635       *rr = p;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2636       goto out;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2637     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2638     if\(p == rend\){) 13.846 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2639       \(*rr\)->len += len;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2640       if\(\(*rr\)->next && \(*rr\)->next == pend\){) 30.1 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2641         \(*rr\)->len += \(*rr\)->next->len;) 26.488 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2642         \(*rr\)->next = \(*rr\)->next->next;) 27.09 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2643       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2644       goto out;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2645     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2646     rr = &\(\(*rr\)->next\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
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-(2757   pushl   %ds      # build) 18.662 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2758   pushl   %es      #  trap) 18.662 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2759   pushal           #  frame) 19.264 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2760   movl $16,%eax    # SEG_KDATA << 3) 24.08 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2761   movw %ax,%ds     #  kernel) 19.866 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2762   movw %ax,%es     #  segments) 21.07 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2763   pushl %esp       # pass pointer to this trapframe) 33.712 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2764   call    trap     #  and call trap\(\)) 25.284 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2765   addl $4, %esp) 12.04 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2766   # return falls through to trapret...) 25.886 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2767 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2768   /*) 5.418 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2769    * a forked process RETs here) 21.672 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2770    * expects ESP to point to a Trapframe) 27.09 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2771    */) 6.02 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2772 .globl trapret) 11.438 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2773 trapret:) 7.826 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2774   popal) 7.224 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2775   popl %es) 9.03 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2776   popl %ds) 9.03 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(2777   addl $0x8, %esp /* trapno and errcode */) 28.294 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(2778   iret) 6.622 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2779 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(2780 .globl forkret1) 12.04 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(2781 forkret1:) 8.428 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(2782   movl 4\(%esp\), %esp) 15.05 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2783   jmp trapret) 10.836 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(2784 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(2785 .globl  acpu) 10.234 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(2786 acpu:) 6.02 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2787   .long 0) 8.428 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2788 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2789 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2790 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2791 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2792 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2793 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2794 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2795 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2796 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2797 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2798 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2799 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 27) 4.816 Tj
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+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/syscall.c  Page 3) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2750 static int \(*syscalls[]\)\(void\) = {) 170.372 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2751 [SYS_chdir]   sys_chdir,) 126.687 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2752 [SYS_close]   sys_close,) 126.687 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2753 [SYS_dup]     sys_dup,) 117.95 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2754 [SYS_exec]    sys_exec,) 122.318 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2755 [SYS_exit]    sys_exit,) 122.318 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2756 [SYS_fork]    sys_fork,) 122.318 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2757 [SYS_fstat]   sys_fstat,) 126.687 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2758 [SYS_getpid]  sys_getpid,) 131.055 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2759 [SYS_kill]    sys_kill,) 122.318 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2760 [SYS_link]    sys_link,) 122.318 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2761 [SYS_mkdir]   sys_mkdir,) 126.687 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2762 [SYS_mknod]   sys_mknod,) 126.687 Tj
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+(2763 [SYS_open]    sys_open,) 122.318 Tj
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+(2764 [SYS_pipe]    sys_pipe,) 122.318 Tj
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+(2768 [SYS_unlink]  sys_unlink,) 131.055 Tj
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+(2769 [SYS_wait]    sys_wait,) 122.318 Tj
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+0 -227.841 Td
+(2771 };) 30.5796 Tj
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+(2772 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(2773 void) 39.3166 Tj
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+(2774 syscall\(void\)) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2775 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2776   int num;) 65.5277 Tj
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+(2777 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2778   num = cp->tf->eax;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2779   if\(num >= 0 && num < NELEM\(syscalls\) && syscalls[num]\
+\)) 266.479 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2780     cp->tf->eax = syscalls[num]\(\);) 170.372 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2781   else {) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(2782     cprintf\("%d %s: unknown sys call %d\\n",) 209.689 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(2783             cp->pid, cp->name, num\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(2784     cp->tf->eax = -1;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2785   }) 34.9481 Tj
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+(2786 }) 26.2111 Tj
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+(2788 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2797 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2798 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2799 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 27) 34.9481 Tj
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-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2800 // x86 trap and interrupt constants.) 24.682 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2801 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
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-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2803 #define T_DIVIDE         0      // divide error) 31.304 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2804 #define T_DEBUG          1      // debug exception) 33.11 Tj
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-(2805 #define T_NMI            2      // non-maskable interrupt) 37.324 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2806 #define T_BRKPT          3      // breakpoint) 30.1 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2807 #define T_OFLOW          4      // overflow) 28.896 Tj
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-0 -15.7091 Td
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-(2810 #define T_DEVICE         7      // device not available) 36.12 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2811 #define T_DBLFLT         8      // double fault) 31.304 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2812 // #define T_COPROC      9      // reserved \(not used since 486\)) 41.538 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2813 #define T_TSS           10      // invalid task switch segment) 40.334 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2814 #define T_SEGNP         11      // segment not present) 35.518 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2815 #define T_STACK         12      // stack exception) 33.11 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2816 #define T_GPFLT         13      // genernal protection fault) 39.13 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2817 #define T_PGFLT         14      // page fault) 30.1 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2818 // #define T_RES        15      // reserved) 28.896 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2819 #define T_FPERR         16      // floating point error) 36.12 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2820 #define T_ALIGN         17      // aligment check) 32.508 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2821 #define T_MCHK          18      // machine check) 31.906 Tj
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-(2822 #define T_SIMDERR       19      // SIMD floating point error) 39.13 Tj
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-(2825 // processor defined exceptions or interrupt vectors.) 34.916 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2826 #define T_SYSCALL       48      // system call) 30.702 Tj
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-(2827 #define T_DEFAULT      500      // catchall) 28.896 Tj
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+(2802 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
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+(2813   np->state = RUNNABLE;) 122.318 Tj
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-(2850 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
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-(2851 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
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-(2852 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
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-(2853 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
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-(2854 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
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-(2855 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
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-(2856 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
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-(2857 #include "syscall.h") 15.05 Tj
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-(2858 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(2859 // Interrupt descriptor table \(shared by all CPUs\).) 33.712 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2860 struct gatedesc idt[256];) 18.06 Tj
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-(2861 extern uint vectors[];  // in vectors.S: array of 256 entry pointers) 43.946 Tj
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-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2864 tvinit\(void\)) 10.234 Tj
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+(2853   int addr;) 69.8962 Tj
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+(2857     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
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+(2858   if\(\(addr = growproc\(n\)\) < 0\)) 152.898 Tj
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+(2859     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
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+(2860   setupsegs\(cp\);) 91.7388 Tj
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+(2861   return addr;) 83.0018 Tj
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+(2863 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2864 int) 34.9481 Tj
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+(2865 sys_sleep\(void\)) 87.3703 Tj
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+(2866 {) 26.2111 Tj
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+(2867   int n, ticks0;) 91.7388 Tj
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+(2868 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2869   if\(argint\(0, &n\) < 0\)) 122.318 Tj
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+(2870     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(2871   acquire\(&tickslock\);) 117.95 Tj
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+(2872   ticks0 = ticks;) 96.1073 Tj
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+(2873   while\(ticks - ticks0 < n\){) 144.161 Tj
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+(2874     if\(cp->killed\){) 104.844 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(2875       release\(&tickslock\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(2876       return -1;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(2877     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(2878     sleep\(&ticks, &tickslock\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(2879   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(2880   release\(&tickslock\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(2881   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
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+(2882 }) 26.2111 Tj
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@@ -10792,7 +11507,10 @@ pdfEndPage
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-/F10_0 1 Tf
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-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2900   // Increment nlock to make sure interrupts stay off) 34.916 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2901   // during interrupt handler.  Decrement before returning.) 38.528 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
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-0 -18.3273 Td
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-0 -28.8 Td
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-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2920 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(2921   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_IDE:) 19.866 Tj
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-0 -34.0364 Td
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-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2924     break;) 9.03 Tj
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-(2925 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2926   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_KBD:) 19.866 Tj
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-0 -41.8909 Td
-(2929     break;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
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-(2931   case IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_SPURIOUS:) 22.876 Tj
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-(2932     cprintf\("spurious interrupt from cpu %d eip %x\\n", cpu\(\), tf->eip\);) 45.752 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(2933     break;) 9.03 Tj
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-(2934 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
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-0 -52.3636 Td
-(2937       // Assume process divided by zero or dereferenced null, etc.) 42.742 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(2938       cprintf\("pid %d: unhandled trap %d on cpu %d eip %x -- kill proc\\n",) 47.558 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(2939               curproc[cpu\(\)]->pid, v, cpu\(\), tf->eip\);) 35.518 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(2940       proc_exit\(\);) 13.846 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(2941     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(2942 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(2943     // Otherwise it's our mistake.) 23.478 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(2944     cprintf\("unexpected trap %d from cpu %d eip %x\\n", v, cpu\(\), tf->eip\);) 47.558 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(2945     panic\("trap"\);) 13.846 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(2946   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(2947 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(2948   cpus[cpu\(\)].nlock--;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(2949 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 29) 4.816 Tj
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+0 -28.4801 Td
+(2900 struct buf {) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2901   int flags;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2902   uint dev;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2903   uint sector;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(2904   struct buf *prev; // LRU cache list) 183.478 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(2905   struct buf *next;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(2906   struct buf *qnext; // disk queue) 170.372 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(2907   uchar data[512];) 100.476 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(2908 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(2909 #define B_BUSY  0x1  // buffer is locked by some process) 266.479 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(2910 #define B_VALID 0x2  // buffer has been read from disk) 257.742 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(2911 #define B_DIRTY 0x4  // buffer needs to be written to disk) 275.216 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(2912 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(2913 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(2914 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(2915 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2922 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2923 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2924 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2925 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2927 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2928 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2931 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2934 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(2935 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(2936 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2937 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2938 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2939 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2941 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2942 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2943 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2944 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2945 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2946 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2947 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2948 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2949 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 29) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
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 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/vectors.pl  Page 1) 24.682 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(2950 #!/usr/bin/perl -w) 13.846 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(2951 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(2952 # Generate vectors.S, the trap/interrupt entry points.) 35.518 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(2953 # There has to be one entry point per interrupt number) 35.518 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(2954 # since otherwise there's no way for trap\(\) to discover) 36.12 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(2955 # the interrupt number.) 16.856 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(2956 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(2957 print "# generated by vectors.pl - do not edit\\n";) 33.11 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(2958 print "# handlers\\n";) 15.652 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(2959 print ".text\\n";) 12.642 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(2960 print ".globl alltraps\\n";) 18.662 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(2961 for\(my $i = 0; $i < 256; $i++\){) 21.672 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(2962     print ".globl vector$i\\n";) 21.07 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(2963     print "vector$i:\\n";) 17.458 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(2964     if\(\($i < 8 || $i > 14\) && $i != 17\){) 27.09 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(2965         print "  pushl \\$0\\n";) 21.07 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(2966     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(2967     print "  pushl \\$$i\\n";) 19.264 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(2968     print "  jmp alltraps\\n";) 20.468 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(2969 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(2970 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(2971 print "\\n# vector table\\n";) 19.264 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(2972 print ".data\\n";) 12.642 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(2973 print ".globl vectors\\n";) 18.06 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(2974 print "vectors:\\n";) 14.448 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(2975 for\(my $i = 0; $i < 256; $i++\){) 21.672 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(2976     print "  .long vector$i\\n";) 21.672 Tj
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-(2984 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
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-(2986 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
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+0 0 Td
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/dev.h  Page 1) 157.267 Tj
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+(2950 struct devsw {) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(2951   int \(*read\)\(struct inode*, char*, int\);) 200.952 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(2952   int \(*write\)\(struct inode*, char*, int\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(2953 };) 30.5796 Tj
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+(2954 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2955 extern struct devsw devsw[];) 144.161 Tj
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+(2957 #define CONSOLE 1) 96.1073 Tj
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+(2963 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2964 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2965 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2967 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2968 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2969 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(2970 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 29) 34.9481 Tj
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@@ -11046,6 +11776,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
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@@ -11053,241 +11786,253 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
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+[0] sc
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/syscall.c  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(3000 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(3001 #include "stat.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(3002 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(3003 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(3004 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(3005 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(3006 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(3007 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(3008 #include "syscall.h") 15.05 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(3009 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(3010 #include "buf.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(3011 #include "fs.h") 12.04 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(3012 #include "fsvar.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(3013 #include "elf.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(3014 #include "file.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(3015 #include "fcntl.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(3016 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(3017 // User code makes a system call with INT T_SYSCALL.) 34.314 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(3018 // System call number in %eax.) 21.07 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(3019 // Arguments on the stack, from the user call to the C) 35.518 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(3020 // library system call function. The saved user %esp points) 38.528 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(3021 // to a saved program counter, and then the first argument.) 38.528 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(3022 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(3023 // Fetch the int at addr from process p.) 27.09 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(3024 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(3025 fetchint\(struct proc *p, uint addr, int *ip\)) 29.498 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(3026 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(3027   if\(addr >= p->sz || addr+4 > p->sz\)) 25.284 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(3028     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(3029   *ip = *\(int*\)\(p->mem + addr\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(3030   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(3031 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(3032 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(3033 // Fetch the nul-terminated string at addr from process p.) 37.926 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(3034 // Doesn't actually copy the string - just sets *pp to point at it.) 43.344 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(3035 // Returns length of string, not including nul.) 31.304 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(3036 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(3037 fetchstr\(struct proc *p, uint addr, char **pp\)) 30.702 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(3038 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(3039   char *cp, *ep;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
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-(3160     break;) 9.03 Tj
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-(3163     break;) 9.03 Tj
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-(3165     ret = sys_fstat\(\);) 16.254 Tj
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-(3166     break;) 9.03 Tj
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-(3167   case SYS_link:) 12.642 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/ide.c  Page 1) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3300 // Simple PIO-based \(non-DMA\) IDE driver code.) 222.794 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(3301 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(3302 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3303 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3304 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3305 #include "mmu.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(3306 #include "proc.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3307 #include "x86.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(3308 #include "traps.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3309 #include "spinlock.h") 113.581 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(3310 #include "buf.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3311 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3312 #define IDE_BSY       0x80) 135.424 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(3313 #define IDE_DRDY      0x40) 135.424 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(3314 #define IDE_DF        0x20) 135.424 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(3315 #define IDE_ERR       0x01) 135.424 Tj
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+(3316 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(3317 #define IDE_CMD_READ  0x20) 135.424 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(3318 #define IDE_CMD_WRITE 0x30) 135.424 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(3319 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(3320 // ide_queue points to the buf now being read/written to t\
+he disk.) 310.165 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3321 // ide_queue->qnext points to the next buf to be processed\
+.) 279.585 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3322 // You must hold ide_lock while manipulating queue.) 244.637 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3323 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(3324 static struct spinlock ide_lock;) 161.635 Tj
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+(3325 static struct buf *ide_queue;) 148.529 Tj
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+(3326 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(3327 static int disk_1_present;) 135.424 Tj
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+(3328 static void ide_start_request\(\);) 161.635 Tj
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+(3329 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(3330 // Wait for IDE disk to become ready.) 183.478 Tj
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+(3336   while\(\(\(r = inb\(0x1f7\)\) & IDE_BSY\) || !\(r & IDE_\
+DRDY\)\)) 266.479 Tj
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+(3337     ;) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(3338   if\(check_error && \(r & \(IDE_DF|IDE_ERR\)\) != 0\)) 231.531 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(3339     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(3340   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(3341 }) 26.2111 Tj
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+(3343 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(3349 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/ide.c  Page 2) 157.267 Tj
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+(3350 void) 39.3166 Tj
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+(3351 ide_init\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
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+(3353   int i;) 56.7907 Tj
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+(3355   initlock\(&ide_lock, "ide"\);) 148.529 Tj
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+(3356   pic_enable\(IRQ_IDE\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3357   ioapic_enable\(IRQ_IDE, ncpu - 1\);) 174.741 Tj
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+(3358   ide_wait_ready\(0\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3359 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(3360   // Check if disk 1 is present) 157.267 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3361   outb\(0x1f6, 0xe0 | \(1<<4\)\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3362   for\(i=0; i<1000; i++\){) 126.687 Tj
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+(3364       disk_1_present = 1;) 131.055 Tj
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+(3365       break;) 74.2647 Tj
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+(3367   }) 34.9481 Tj
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+(3368 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(3369   // Switch back to disk 0.) 139.792 Tj
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+(3370   outb\(0x1f6, 0xe0 | \(0<<4\)\);) 148.529 Tj
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+(3371 }) 26.2111 Tj
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+(3372 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3373 // Start the request for b.  Caller must hold ide_lock.) 262.111 Tj
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+(3374 static void) 69.8962 Tj
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+(3375 ide_start_request\(struct buf *b\)) 161.635 Tj
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+(3376 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(3377   if\(b == 0\)) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(3378     panic\("ide_start_request"\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(3379 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(3380   ide_wait_ready\(0\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(3381   outb\(0x3f6, 0\);  // generate interrupt) 196.583 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(3382   outb\(0x1f2, 1\);  // number of sectors) 192.215 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(3383   outb\(0x1f3, b->sector & 0xff\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(3384   outb\(0x1f4, \(b->sector >> 8\) & 0xff\);) 192.215 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(3385   outb\(0x1f5, \(b->sector >> 16\) & 0xff\);) 196.583 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(3386   outb\(0x1f6, 0xe0 | \(\(b->dev&1\)<<4\) | \(\(b->sector>\
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+0 -379.734 Td
+(3387   if\(b->flags & B_DIRTY\){) 131.055 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(3388     outb\(0x1f7, IDE_CMD_WRITE\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(3389     outsl\(0x1f0, b->data, 512/4\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(3390   } else {) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(3391     outb\(0x1f7, IDE_CMD_READ\);) 152.898 Tj
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+(3392   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(3393 }) 26.2111 Tj
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+0 -493.655 Td
+(3399 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 33) 34.9481 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/ide.c  Page 3) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3400 // Interrupt handler.) 113.581 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(3401 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(3402 ide_intr\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3403 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3404   struct buf *b;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3405 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(3406   acquire\(&ide_lock\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3407   if\(\(b = ide_queue\) == 0\){) 139.792 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(3408     cprintf\("stray ide interrupt\\n"\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3409     release\(&ide_lock\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(3410     return;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3411   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3412 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(3413   // Read data if needed.) 131.055 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(3414   if\(!\(b->flags & B_DIRTY\) && ide_wait_ready\(1\) >= 0\)) 253.374 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(3415     insl\(0x1f0, b->data, 512/4\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(3416 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(3417   // Wake process waiting for this buf.) 192.215 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(3418   b->flags |= B_VALID;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(3419   b->flags &= ~B_DIRTY;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(3420   wakeup\(b\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3421 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3422   // Start disk on next buf in queue.) 183.478 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3423   if\(\(ide_queue = b->qnext\) != 0\)) 166.004 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(3424     ide_start_request\(ide_queue\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(3425 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(3517 //     and has not been passed back to brelse.) 222.794 Tj
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+(3521 //     and needs to be written to disk.) 192.215 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/bio.c  Page 2) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3550   // Create linked list of buffers) 170.372 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(3551   bufhead.prev = &bufhead;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(3552   bufhead.next = &bufhead;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3553   for\(b = buf; b < buf+NBUF; b++\){) 170.372 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3554     b->next = bufhead.next;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3555     b->prev = &bufhead;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(3556     bufhead.next->prev = b;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3557     bufhead.next = b;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(3558   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3559 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(3560 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3561 // Look through buffer cache for sector on device dev.) 257.742 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3562 // If not found, allocate fresh block.) 187.846 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(3563 // In either case, return locked buffer.) 196.583 Tj
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+(3567   struct buf *b;) 91.7388 Tj
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+(3569   acquire\(&buf_table_lock\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(3570 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3571  loop:) 48.0537 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3572   // Try for cached block.) 135.424 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3573   for\(b = bufhead.next; b != &bufhead; b = b->next\){) 249.005 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(3574     if\(\(b->flags & \(B_BUSY|B_VALID\)\) &&) 192.215 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(3575        b->dev == dev && b->sector == sector\){) 218.426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(3576       if\(b->flags & B_BUSY\){) 144.161 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(3577         sleep\(buf, &buf_table_lock\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(3578         goto loop;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(3579       }) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(3580       b->flags |= B_BUSY;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(3581       release\(&buf_table_lock\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(3582       return b;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(3583     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(3584   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(3585 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(3586   // Allocate fresh block.) 135.424 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(3587   for\(b = bufhead.prev; b != &bufhead; b = b->prev\){) 249.005 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
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+(3589       b->flags = B_BUSY;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(3590       b->dev = dev;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(3591       b->sector = sector;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(3592       release\(&buf_table_lock\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(3593       return b;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(3594     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(3595   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(3596   panic\("bget: no buffers"\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(3597 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(3598 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(3599 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 35) 34.9481 Tj
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-(3634 ) 3.01 Tj
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-0 -52.3636 Td
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-0 -62.8363 Td
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/bio.c  Page 3) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3600 // Return a B_BUSY buf with the contents of the indicated \
+disk sector.) 327.639 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(3601 struct buf*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(3602 bread\(uint dev, uint sector\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3603 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3604   struct buf *b;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3605 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(3606   b = bget\(dev, sector\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3607   if\(!\(b->flags & B_VALID\)\)) 139.792 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(3608     ide_rw\(b\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3609   return b;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(3610 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3611 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3612 // Write buf's contents to disk.  Must be locked.) 235.9 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(3613 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(3614 bwrite\(struct buf *b\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(3615 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(3616   if\(\(b->flags & B_BUSY\) == 0\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(3617     panic\("bwrite"\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(3618   b->flags |= B_DIRTY;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(3619   ide_rw\(b\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(3620 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3621 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3622 // Release the buffer buf.) 135.424 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3623 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(3624 brelse\(struct buf *b\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(3625 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(3626   if\(\(b->flags & B_BUSY\) == 0\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(3627     panic\("brelse"\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(3628 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(3629   acquire\(&buf_table_lock\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(3630 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(3631   b->next->prev = b->prev;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(3632   b->prev->next = b->next;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(3633   b->next = bufhead.next;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(3634   b->prev = &bufhead;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(3635   bufhead.next->prev = b;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(3636   bufhead.next = b;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(3637 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(3638   b->flags &= ~B_BUSY;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(3639   wakeup\(buf\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(3640 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(3641   release\(&buf_table_lock\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(3642 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(3643 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(3644 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(3645 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(3646 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(3647 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(3648 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(3649 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 36) 34.9481 Tj
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fsvar.h  Page 1) 22.876 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(3650 // in-core file system types) 19.866 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(3651 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(3652 struct inode {) 11.438 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(3653   uint dev;           // Device number) 25.886 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(3654   uint inum;          // Inode number) 25.284 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(3655   int ref;            // Reference count) 27.09 Tj
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-(3656   int busy;           // Is the inode "locked"?) 31.304 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(3657 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(3658   short type;         // copy of disk inode) 28.896 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(3659   short major;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(3660   short minor;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
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-0 -19.6364 Td
-(3662   uint size;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(3663   uint addrs[NADDRS];) 15.652 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(3664 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
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-0 -24.8727 Td
-(3666 extern uint rootdev;) 15.05 Tj
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-(3667 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(3678 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(3683 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(3684 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(3686 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(3687 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(3688 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(3689 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(3690 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(3691 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(3692 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(3693 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(3694 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(3695 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(3696 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 1) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3650 // File system implementation.  Four layers:) 214.057 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(3651 //   + Blocks: allocator for raw disk blocks.) 218.426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(3652 //   + Files: inode allocator, reading, writing, metadata.) 275.216 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3653 //   + Directories: inode with special contents \(list of \
+other inodes!\)) 332.007 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3654 //   + Names: paths like /usr/rtm/xv6/fs.c for convenient \
+naming.) 305.796 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3655 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(3656 // Disk layout is: superblock, inodes, block in-use bitmap\
+, data blocks.) 336.376 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3657 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(3658 // This file contains the low-level file system manipulati\
+on) 283.953 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3659 // routines.  The \(higher-level\) system call implementat\
+ions) 283.953 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(3660 // are in sysfile.c.) 109.213 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3661 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3662 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(3663 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
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+(3664 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
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+(3665 #include "stat.h") 96.1073 Tj
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+(3666 #include "mmu.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(3667 #include "proc.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(3668 #include "spinlock.h") 113.581 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(3669 #include "buf.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(3670 #include "fs.h") 87.3703 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3671 #include "fsvar.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3672 #include "dev.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3673 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(3674 #define min\(a, b\) \(\(a\) < \(b\) ? \(a\) : \(b\)\)) 200.952 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(3675 static void itrunc\(struct inode*\);) 170.372 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(3676 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(3677 // Read the super block.) 126.687 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(3678 static void) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(3679 readsb\(int dev, struct superblock *sb\)) 187.846 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(3680 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(3681   struct buf *bp;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(3682 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(3683   bp = bread\(dev, 1\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(3684   memmove\(sb, bp->data, sizeof\(*sb\)\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(3685   brelse\(bp\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(3686 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(3687 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(3688 // Zero a block.) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(3689 static void) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(3690 bzero\(int dev, int bno\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(3691 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(3692   struct buf *bp;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(3693 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(3694   bp = bread\(dev, bno\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(3695   memset\(bp->data, 0, BSIZE\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(3696   bwrite\(bp\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(3697   brelse\(bp\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(3698 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(3699 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 36) 34.9481 Tj
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 Q
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@@ -12816,7 +13675,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 44 44
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
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-0 -3.92728 Td
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-0 -5.23637 Td
-(3701 ) 3.01 Tj
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-0 -11.7818 Td
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-0 -13.0909 Td
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-0 -14.4 Td
-(3708 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
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-0 -17.0182 Td
-(3710 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
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-(3712 #define IDE_DRDY      0x40) 18.662 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(3713 #define IDE_DF        0x20) 18.662 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(3714 #define IDE_ERR       0x01) 18.662 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(3715 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(3716 #define IDE_CMD_READ  0x20) 18.662 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(3717 #define IDE_CMD_WRITE 0x30) 18.662 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(3718 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(3719 // IDE request queue.) 15.652 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(3720 // The next request will be stored in request[head],) 34.314 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(3721 // and the request currently being served by the disk) 34.916 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(3722 // is request[tail].) 15.05 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(3723 // Must hold ide_lock while manipulating queue.) 31.304 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(3724 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(3725 struct ide_request {) 15.05 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(3726   int diskno;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(3727   uint secno;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(3728   void *addr;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(3729   uint nsecs;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(3730   uint read;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(3731 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(3732 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(3733 static struct ide_request request[NREQUEST];) 29.498 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(3734 static int head, tail;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(3735 static struct spinlock ide_lock;) 22.274 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(3736 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(3737 static int disk_1_present;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(3738 static int disk_queue;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(3739 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(3740 static int ide_probe_disk1\(void\);) 22.876 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(3741 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(3742 // Wait for IDE disk to become ready.) 25.284 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(3743 static int) 9.03 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(3744 ide_wait_ready\(int check_error\)) 21.672 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(3745 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(3746   int r;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(3747 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(3748   while\(\(\(r = inb\(0x1F7\)\) & \(IDE_BSY|IDE_DRDY\)\) != IDE_DRDY\)) 39.13 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(3749     ;) 6.02 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 37) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 2) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3700 // Blocks.) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(3701 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(3702 // Allocate a disk block.) 131.055 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3703 static uint) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3704 balloc\(uint dev\)) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3705 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(3706   int b, bi, m;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3707   struct buf *bp;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(3708   struct superblock sb;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3709 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(3710   bp = 0;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3711   readsb\(dev, &sb\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3712   for\(b = 0; b < sb.size; b += BPB\){) 179.109 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(3713     bp = bread\(dev, BBLOCK\(b, sb.ninodes\)\);) 209.689 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(3714     for\(bi = 0; bi < BPB; bi++\){) 161.635 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(3715       m = 1 << \(bi % 8\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(3716       if\(\(bp->data[bi/8] & m\) == 0\){  // Is block free\
+?) 262.111 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(3717         bp->data[bi/8] |= m;  // Mark block in use on disk\
+.) 279.585 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(3718         bwrite\(bp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(3719         brelse\(bp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(3720         return b + bi;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3721       }) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3722     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3723     brelse\(bp\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(3724   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(3725   panic\("balloc: out of blocks"\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(3726 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(3727 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(3728 // Free a disk block.) 113.581 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(3729 static void) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(3730 bfree\(int dev, uint b\)) 117.95 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(3731 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(3732   struct buf *bp;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(3733   struct superblock sb;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(3734   int bi, m;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(3735 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(3736   bzero\(dev, b\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(3737 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(3738   readsb\(dev, &sb\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(3739   bp = bread\(dev, BBLOCK\(b, sb.ninodes\)\);) 200.952 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(3740   bi = b % BPB;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(3741   m = 1 << \(bi % 8\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(3742   if\(\(bp->data[bi/8] & m\) == 0\)) 157.267 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(3743     panic\("freeing free block"\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(3744   bp->data[bi/8] &= ~m;  // Mark block free on disk.) 249.005 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(3745   bwrite\(bp\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(3746   brelse\(bp\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(3747 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(3748 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(3749 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 37) 34.9481 Tj
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+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
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+[0] sc
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-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ide.c  Page 2) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(3750   if\(check_error && \(r & \(IDE_DF|IDE_ERR\)\) != 0\)) 31.906 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(3751     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(3752   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(3753 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(3754 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(3755 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(3756 ide_init\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(3757 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(3758   initlock\(&ide_lock, "ide"\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(3759   irq_enable\(IRQ_IDE\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(3760   ioapic_enable\(IRQ_IDE, ncpu - 1\);) 24.08 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(3761   ide_wait_ready\(0\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(3762   disk_1_present = ide_probe_disk1\(\);) 25.284 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(3763 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(3764 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(3765 // Probe to see if disk 1 exists \(we assume disk 0 exists\).) 38.528 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(3766 static int) 9.03 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(3767 ide_probe_disk1\(void\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(3768 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(3769   int r, x;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(3770 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(3771   // wait for Device 0 to be ready) 23.478 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(3772   ide_wait_ready\(0\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(3773 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(3774   // switch to Device 1) 16.856 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(3775   outb\(0x1F6, 0xE0 | \(1<<4\)\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(3776 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(3777   // check for Device 1 to be ready for a while) 31.304 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(3778   for\(x = 0; x < 1000 && \(r = inb\(0x1F7\)\) == 0; x++\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(3779     ;) 6.02 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(3780 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(3781   // switch back to Device 0) 19.866 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(3782   outb\(0x1F6, 0xE0 | \(0<<4\)\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(3783 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(3784   return x < 1000;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(3785 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(3786 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(3787 // Interrupt handler - wake up the request that just finished.) 40.334 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(3788 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(3789 ide_intr\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(3790 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(3791   acquire\(&ide_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(3792   wakeup\(&request[tail]\);) 18.06 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(3793   release\(&ide_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(3794 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(3795 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(3796 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(3797 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(3798 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(3799 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 37) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 3) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3750 // Inodes.) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(3751 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(3752 // An inode is a single, unnamed file in the file system.) 270.848 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3753 // The inode disk structure holds metadata \(the type, dev\
+ice numbers,) 323.27 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3754 // and data size\) along with a list of blocks where the a\
+ssociated) 310.165 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3755 // data can be found.) 113.581 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(3756 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3757 // The inodes are laid out sequentially on disk immediatel\
+y after) 305.796 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(3758 // the superblock.  The kernel keeps a cache of the in-use) 275.216 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3759 // on-disk structures to provide a place for synchronizing\
+ access) 305.796 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(3760 // to inodes shared between multiple processes.) 227.163 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3761 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3762 // ip->ref counts the number of pointer references to this\
+ cached) 305.796 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(3763 // inode; references are typically kept in struct file and\
+ in cp->cwd.) 327.639 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(3764 // When ip->ref falls to zero, the inode is no longer cach\
+ed.) 288.322 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(3765 // It is an error to use an inode without holding a refere\
+nce to it.) 318.902 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(3766 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(3767 // Processes are only allowed to read and write inode) 253.374 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(3768 // metadata and contents when holding the inode's lock,) 262.111 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(3769 // represented by the I_BUSY flag in the in-memory copy.) 266.479 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(3770 // Because inode locks are held during disk accesses,) 253.374 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3771 // they are implemented using a flag rather than with) 253.374 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3772 // spin locks.  Callers are responsible for locking) 244.637 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3773 // inodes before passing them to routines in this file; le\
+aving) 297.059 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(3774 // this responsibility with the caller makes it possible f\
+or them) 305.796 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(3775 // to create arbitrarily-sized atomic operations.) 235.9 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(3776 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(3777 // To give maximum control over locking to the callers,) 262.111 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(3778 // the routines in this file that return inode pointers) 262.111 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(3779 // return pointers to *unlocked* inodes.  It is the caller\
+s') 283.953 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(3780 // responsibility to lock them before using them.  A non-z\
+ero) 288.322 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(3781 // ip->ref keeps these unlocked inodes in the cache.) 249.005 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(3782 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(3783 struct {) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(3784   struct spinlock lock;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(3785   struct inode inode[NINODE];) 148.529 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(3786 } icache;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(3787 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(3788 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(3789 iinit\(void\)) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(3790 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(3791   initlock\(&icache.lock, "icache.lock"\);) 196.583 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
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+(3797 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
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+(3799 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 37) 34.9481 Tj
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ide.c  Page 3) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(3800 // Start the next request in the queue.) 26.488 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(3801 static void) 9.632 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(3802 ide_start_request \(void\)) 17.458 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(3803 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
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-0 -10.4727 Td
-(3805 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(3806   if\(head != tail\) {) 15.05 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(3807     r = &request[tail];) 16.856 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(3808     ide_wait_ready\(0\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(3809     outb\(0x3f6, 0\);  // generate interrupt) 28.294 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(3810     outb\(0x1F2, r->nsecs\);) 18.662 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(3811     outb\(0x1F3, r->secno & 0xFF\);) 22.876 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(3812     outb\(0x1F4, \(r->secno >> 8\) & 0xFF\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(3813     outb\(0x1F5, \(r->secno >> 16\) & 0xFF\);) 27.692 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(3814     outb\(0x1F6, 0xE0 | \(\(r->diskno&1\)<<4\) | \(\(r->secno>>24\)&0x0F\)\);) 43.344 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(3815     if\(r->read\)) 12.04 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(3816       outb\(0x1F7, IDE_CMD_READ\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(3817     else {) 9.03 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(3818       outb\(0x1F7, IDE_CMD_WRITE\);) 22.876 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(3819       outsl\(0x1F0, r->addr, 512/4\);) 24.08 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(3820     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(3821   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(3822 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(3823 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(3824 // Run an entire disk operation.) 22.274 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(3825 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(3826 ide_rw\(int diskno, uint secno, void *addr, uint nsecs, int read\)) 41.538 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(3827 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(3828   struct ide_request *r;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(3829 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(3830   if\(diskno && !disk_1_present\)) 21.672 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(3831     panic\("ide disk 1 not present"\);) 24.682 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(3832 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(3833   acquire\(&ide_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(3834 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(3835   // Add request to queue.) 18.662 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(3836   while\(\(head + 1\) % NREQUEST == tail\)) 25.886 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(3837     sleep\(&disk_queue, &ide_lock\);) 23.478 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(3838 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(3839   r = &request[head];) 15.652 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(3840   r->secno = secno;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(3841   r->addr = addr;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(3842   r->nsecs = nsecs;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(3843   r->diskno = diskno;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(3844   r->read = read;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(3845   head = \(head + 1\) % NREQUEST;) 21.672 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(3846 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(3847   // Start request if necessary.) 22.274 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(3848   ide_start_request\(\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(3849 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 38) 4.816 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 4) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3800 // Find the inode with number inum on device dev) 231.531 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(3801 // and return the in-memory copy.) 166.004 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(3802 static struct inode*) 109.213 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3803 iget\(uint dev, uint inum\)) 131.055 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3804 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3805   struct inode *ip, *empty;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(3806 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3807   acquire\(&icache.lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(3808 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3809   // Try for cached inode.) 135.424 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(3810   empty = 0;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3811   for\(ip = &icache.inode[0]; ip < &icache.inode[NINODE]; \
+ip++\){) 297.059 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3812     if\(ip->ref > 0 && ip->dev == dev && ip->inum == inum\)\
+{) 275.216 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(3813       ip->ref++;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(3814       release\(&icache.lock\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(3815       return ip;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(3816     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(3817     if\(empty == 0 && ip->ref == 0\)    // Remember empty \
+slot.) 288.322 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(3818       empty = ip;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(3819   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(3820 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3821   // Allocate fresh inode.) 135.424 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3822   if\(empty == 0\)) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3823     panic\("iget: no inodes"\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(3824 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(3825   ip = empty;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(3826   ip->dev = dev;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(3827   ip->inum = inum;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(3828   ip->ref = 1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(3829   ip->flags = 0;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(3830   release\(&icache.lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(3831 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(3832   return ip;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(3833 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(3834 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(3835 // Increment reference count for ip.) 179.109 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(3836 // Returns ip to enable ip = idup\(ip1\) idiom.) 218.426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(3837 struct inode*) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(3838 idup\(struct inode *ip\)) 117.95 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(3839 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(3840   acquire\(&icache.lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(3841   ip->ref++;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(3842   release\(&icache.lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(3843   return ip;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(3844 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(3845 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(3846 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(3847 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(3848 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(3849 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 38) 34.9481 Tj
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+/DeviceGray {} CS
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
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-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ide.c  Page 4) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(3850   // Wait for request to finish.) 22.274 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(3851   sleep\(r, &ide_lock\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(3852 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(3853   // Finish request.) 15.05 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(3854   if\(read\){) 9.632 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(3855     if\(ide_wait_ready\(1\) >= 0\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(3856       insl\(0x1F0, addr, 512/4\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(3857   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(3858 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(3859   // Remove request from queue.) 21.672 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(3860   if\(\(head + 1\) % NREQUEST == tail\)) 24.08 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(3861     wakeup\(&disk_queue\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(3862   tail = \(tail + 1\) % NREQUEST;) 21.672 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(3863 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(3864   // Start next request in queue, if any.) 27.692 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(3865   ide_start_request\(\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(3866 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(3867   release\(&ide_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(3868 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(3869 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(3870 // Synchronous disk write.) 18.662 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(3871 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(3872 ide_write\(int diskno, uint secno, const void *src, uint nsecs\)) 40.334 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(3873 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(3874   int r;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(3875 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(3876   if\(nsecs > 256\)) 13.244 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(3877     panic\("ide_write"\);) 16.856 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(3878 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(3879   ide_wait_ready\(0\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(3880 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(3881   outb\(0x1F2, nsecs\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(3882   outb\(0x1F3, secno & 0xFF\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(3883   outb\(0x1F4, \(secno >> 8\) & 0xFF\);) 24.08 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(3884   outb\(0x1F5, \(secno >> 16\) & 0xFF\);) 24.682 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(3885   outb\(0x1F6, 0xE0 | \(\(diskno&1\)<<4\) | \(\(secno>>24\)&0x0F\)\);) 38.528 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(3886   outb\(0x1F7, 0x30\);    // CMD 0x30 means write sector) 35.518 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(3887 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(3888   for\(; nsecs > 0; nsecs--, src += 512\) {) 27.692 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(3889     if\(\(r = ide_wait_ready\(1\)\) < 0\)) 24.08 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(3890       return r;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(3891     outsl\(0x1F0, src, 512/4\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(3892   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(3893 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(3894   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(3895 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(3896 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(3897 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(3898 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(3899 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 38) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 5) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3850 // Lock the given inode.) 126.687 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(3851 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(3852 ilock\(struct inode *ip\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3853 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3854   struct buf *bp;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3855   struct dinode *dip;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(3856 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3857   if\(ip == 0 || ip->ref < 1\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(3858     panic\("ilock"\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3859 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(3860   acquire\(&icache.lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3861   while\(ip->flags & I_BUSY\)) 139.792 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3862     sleep\(ip, &icache.lock\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(3863   ip->flags |= I_BUSY;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(3864   release\(&icache.lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(3865 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(3866   if\(!\(ip->flags & I_VALID\)\){) 148.529 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(3867     bp = bread\(ip->dev, IBLOCK\(ip->inum\)\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(3868     dip = \(struct dinode*\)bp->data + ip->inum%IPB;) 240.268 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(3869     ip->type = dip->type;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(3870     ip->major = dip->major;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3871     ip->minor = dip->minor;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3872     ip->nlink = dip->nlink;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3873     ip->size = dip->size;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(3874     memmove\(ip->addrs, dip->addrs, sizeof\(ip->addrs\)\);) 257.742 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(3875     brelse\(bp\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(3876     ip->flags |= I_VALID;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(3877     if\(ip->type == 0\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(3878       panic\("ilock: no type"\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(3879   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(3880 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(3881 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(3882 // Unlock the given inode.) 135.424 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(3883 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(3884 iunlock\(struct inode *ip\)) 131.055 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(3885 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(3886   if\(ip == 0 || !\(ip->flags & I_BUSY\) || ip->ref < 1\)) 253.374 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(3887     panic\("iunlock"\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(3888 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(3889   acquire\(&icache.lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(3890   ip->flags &= ~I_BUSY;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(3891   wakeup\(ip\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(3892   release\(&icache.lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
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+(Sheet 38) 34.9481 Tj
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-0 -3.92728 Td
-(3900 // Buffer cache.) 12.642 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(3901 //) 4.214 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(3902 // The buffer cache is a linked list of buf structures) 35.518 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(3903 // holding cached copies of disk block contents.) 31.906 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(3904 // Each buf has two state bits B_BUSY and B_VALID.) 33.11 Tj
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-0 -11.7818 Td
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-0 -14.4 Td
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-(3909 //) 4.214 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(3910 // If B_VALID is set, it means that the memory contents) 36.12 Tj
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-(3911 // have been initialized by reading them off the disk.) 35.518 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(3912 // \(Conversely, if B_VALID is not set, the memory contents) 37.926 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(3913 // of buf must be initialized, often by calling bread,) 35.518 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(3914 // before being used.\)) 16.254 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(3915 //) 4.214 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(3916 // After making changes to a buf's memory, call bwrite to flush) 40.936 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(3917 // the changes out to disk, to keep the disk and memory copies) 40.334 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(3918 // in sync.) 9.632 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(3919 //) 4.214 Tj
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-0 -31.4182 Td
-(3921 // \(i.e., clear B_BUSY\), so that others can access it.) 35.518 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(3922 //) 4.214 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(3923 // Bufs that are not B_BUSY are fair game for reuse for other) 39.732 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(3924 // disk blocks.  It is not allowed to use a buf after calling brelse.) 44.548 Tj
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-(3925 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(3926 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
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-(3927 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
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-(3928 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
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-(3929 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
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-(3930 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
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-(3931 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
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-0 -51.0545 Td
-(3936 struct spinlock buf_table_lock;) 21.672 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(3937 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(3938 // Linked list of all buffers, through prev/next.) 32.508 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(3939 // bufhead->next is most recently used.) 26.488 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(3940 // bufhead->tail is least recently used.) 27.09 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(3941 struct buf bufhead;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(3942 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(3943 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(3944 binit\(void\)) 9.632 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
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-0 -64.1454 Td
-(3946   struct buf *b;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 6) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3900 // Caller holds reference to unlocked ip.  Drop reference.) 275.216 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(3901 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(3902 iput\(struct inode *ip\)) 117.95 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3903 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3904   acquire\(&icache.lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3905   if\(ip->ref == 1 && \(ip->flags & I_VALID\) && ip->nlink\
+ == 0\){) 292.69 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(3906     // inode is no longer used: truncate and free inode.) 266.479 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(3907     if\(ip->flags & I_BUSY\)) 135.424 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(3908       panic\("iput busy"\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(3909     ip->flags |= I_BUSY;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(3910     release\(&icache.lock\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(3911     itrunc\(ip\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(3912     ip->type = 0;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(3913     iupdate\(ip\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(3914     acquire\(&icache.lock\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(3915     ip->flags &= ~I_BUSY;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(3916     wakeup\(ip\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(3917   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(3918   ip->ref--;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(3919   release\(&icache.lock\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(3920 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3921 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3922 // Common idiom: unlock, then put.) 170.372 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3923 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(3924 iunlockput\(struct inode *ip\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(3925 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(3926   iunlock\(ip\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(3927   iput\(ip\);) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(3928 }) 26.2111 Tj
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+(3935 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(3937 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+0 -427.201 Td
+(3942 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(3943 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(3944 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(3945 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(3946 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(3947 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 39) 34.9481 Tj
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/bio.c  Page 2) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(3950   // Create linked list of buffers) 23.478 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(3951   bufhead.prev = &bufhead;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(3952   bufhead.next = &bufhead;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(3953   for\(b = buf; b < buf+NBUF; b++\){) 23.478 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(3954     b->next = bufhead.next;) 19.264 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(3955     b->prev = &bufhead;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(3956     bufhead.next->prev = b;) 19.264 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(3957     bufhead.next = b;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(3958   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(3959 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(3960 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(3961 // Look through buffer cache for block n on device dev.) 36.12 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(3962 // If not found, allocate fresh block.) 25.886 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(3963 // In either case, return locked buffer.) 27.09 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(3964 static struct buf*) 13.846 Tj
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-(3994         }) 8.428 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(3995       }) 7.224 Tj
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-(3998   }) 4.816 Tj
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+0 -28.4801 Td
+(3950 // Allocate a new inode with the given type on device dev.) 275.216 Tj
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+(3952 ialloc\(uint dev, short type\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(3953 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(3954   int inum;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(3955   struct buf *bp;) 96.1073 Tj
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+(3957   struct superblock sb;) 122.318 Tj
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+r inode blocks) 327.639 Tj
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+(3970     brelse\(bp\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(3971   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(3972   panic\("ialloc: no inodes"\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(3973 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
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+0 -265.814 Td
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+0 -284.801 Td
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+(3982   bp = bread\(ip->dev, IBLOCK\(ip->inum\)\);) 196.583 Tj
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+0 -398.721 Td
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+0 -408.214 Td
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+0 -417.708 Td
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-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4016 // Write buf's contents to disk.) 22.274 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
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-0 -37.9636 Td
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-(4044   b->flags &= ~B_BUSY;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
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-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4046 ) 3.01 Tj
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-0 -66.7636 Td
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 8) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4000 // Inode contents) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4001 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4002 // The contents \(data\) associated with each inode is sto\
+red) 279.585 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4003 // in a sequence of blocks on the disk.  The first NDIRECT\
+ blocks) 305.796 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4004 // are listed in ip->addrs[].  The next NINDIRECT blocks a\
+re) 283.953 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4005 // listed in the block ip->addrs[INDIRECT].) 209.689 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4006 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4007 // Return the disk block address of the nth block in inode\
+ ip.) 292.69 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4008 // If there is no such block, alloc controls whether one i\
+s allocated.) 327.639 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4009 static uint) 69.8962 Tj
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+(4010 bmap\(struct inode *ip, uint bn, int alloc\)) 205.32 Tj
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+(4011 {) 26.2111 Tj
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+(4012   uint addr, *a;) 91.7388 Tj
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+0 -180.374 Td
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+0 -189.867 Td
+(4017       if\(!alloc\)) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4018         return -1;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4019       ip->addrs[bn] = addr = balloc\(ip->dev\);) 218.426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4020     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4021     return addr;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4022   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4023   bn -= NDIRECT;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4024 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4025   if\(bn < NINDIRECT\){) 113.581 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4026     // Load indirect block, allocating if necessary.) 249.005 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4027     if\(\(addr = ip->addrs[INDIRECT]\) == 0\){) 205.32 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4028       if\(!alloc\)) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4029         return -1;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4030       ip->addrs[INDIRECT] = addr = balloc\(ip->dev\);) 244.637 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4031     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4032     bp = bread\(ip->dev, addr\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4033     a = \(uint*\)bp->data;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4034 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4035     if\(\(addr = a[bn]\) == 0\){) 144.161 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4036       if\(!alloc\){) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4037         brelse\(bp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4038         return -1;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4039       }) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(4040       a[bn] = addr = balloc\(ip->dev\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(4041       bwrite\(bp\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(4042     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(4043     brelse\(bp\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(4044     return addr;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(4045   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(4046 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(4047   panic\("bmap: out of range"\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(4048 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(4049 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 40) 34.9481 Tj
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 1) 21.07 Tj
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-(4050 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
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-(4051 #include "stat.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4052 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
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-(4053 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
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-(4054 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
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-(4055 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
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-(4056 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4057 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4058 #include "buf.h") 12.642 Tj
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-(4059 #include "fs.h") 12.04 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4060 #include "fsvar.h") 13.846 Tj
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-(4061 #include "dev.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4062 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4063 // Inode table.  The inode table is an in-memory cache of the) 39.732 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4064 // on-disk inode structures.  If an inode in the table has a non-zero) 44.548 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(4065 // reference count, then some open files refer to it and it must stay) 44.548 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4066 // in memory.  If an inode has a zero reference count, it is only in) 43.946 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4067 // memory as a cache in hopes of being used again \(avoiding a disk read\).) 46.956 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4068 // Any inode with reference count zero can be evicted from the table.) 44.548 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4069 //) 4.214 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4070 // In addition to having a reference count, inodes can be marked busy) 44.548 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(4071 // \(just like bufs\), meaning that some code has logically locked the) 43.946 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(4072 // inode, and others are not allowed to look at it.) 33.712 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(4073 // This locking can last for a long) 24.08 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(4074 // time \(for example, if the inode is busy during a disk access\),) 42.14 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(4075 // so we don't use spin locks.  Instead, if a process wants to use) 42.742 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4076 // a particular inode, it must sleep\(ip\) to wait for it to be not busy.) 45.752 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(4077 // See iget below.) 13.846 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4078 struct inode inode[NINODE];) 19.264 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4079 struct spinlock inode_table_lock;) 22.876 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
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-0 -45.8182 Td
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-0 -49.7454 Td
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-0 -52.3636 Td
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-(4088 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(4089 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4090 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4091 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4092 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4093 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4094 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(4095 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4096 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(4097 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(4098 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4099 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 9) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4050 // Truncate inode \(discard contents\).) 183.478 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4051 static void) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4052 itrunc\(struct inode *ip\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4053 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4054   int i, j;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4055   struct buf *bp;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4056   uint *a;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4057 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4058   for\(i = 0; i < NDIRECT; i++\){) 157.267 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4059     if\(ip->addrs[i]\){) 113.581 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4060       bfree\(ip->dev, ip->addrs[i]\);) 174.741 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4061       ip->addrs[i] = 0;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4062     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4063   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4064 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4065   if\(ip->addrs[INDIRECT]\){) 135.424 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4066     bp = bread\(ip->dev, ip->addrs[INDIRECT]\);) 218.426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
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+(4069       if\(a[j]\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4070         bfree\(ip->dev, a[j]\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4071     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4072     brelse\(bp\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4073     ip->addrs[INDIRECT] = 0;) 144.161 Tj
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+(4074   }) 34.9481 Tj
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+(4075 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(4076   ip->size = 0;) 87.3703 Tj
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+(4079 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(4083 {) 26.2111 Tj
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+ajor].read\)) 318.902 Tj
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+(4109       return -1;) 91.7388 Tj
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+0 -227.841 Td
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+(4123   }) 34.9481 Tj
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+(4124   return n;) 69.8962 Tj
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-(4150 // Free a disk block.) 15.652 Tj
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-(4170   bp = bread\(dev, BBLOCK\(b, ninodes\)\);) 25.886 Tj
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-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4196       if\(ip->busy\){) 14.448 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(4197         sleep\(ip, &inode_table_lock\);) 25.284 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(4198         // Since we droped inode_table_lock, ip might have been reused) 45.15 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4199         // for some other inode entirely.  Must start the scan over,) 43.946 Tj
-0 -72 Td
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+(4150 // Write data to inode.) 122.318 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4151 int) 34.9481 Tj
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+ajor].write\)) 323.27 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4159       return -1;) 91.7388 Tj
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+(4160     return devsw[ip->major].write\(ip, src, n\);) 222.794 Tj
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+(4161   }) 34.9481 Tj
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+(4163   if\(off + n < off\)) 104.844 Tj
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+(4165   if\(off + n > MAXFILE*BSIZE\)) 148.529 Tj
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+(4166     n = MAXFILE*BSIZE - off;) 144.161 Tj
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+(4168   for\(tot=0; tot<n; tot+=m, off+=m, src+=m\){) 214.057 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4169     bp = bread\(ip->dev, bmap\(ip, off/BSIZE, 1\)\);) 231.531 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4170     m = min\(n - tot, BSIZE - off%BSIZE\);) 196.583 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4171     memmove\(bp->data + off%BSIZE, src, m\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4172     bwrite\(bp\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4173     brelse\(bp\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4174   }) 34.9481 Tj
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+0 -275.307 Td
+(4176   if\(n > 0 && off > ip->size\){) 152.898 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4177     ip->size = off;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4178     iupdate\(ip\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4179   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4180   return n;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4181 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4182 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
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+(Sheet 41) 34.9481 Tj
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@@ -14082,6 +15042,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
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 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
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 0 J
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 180 3960 5760 3460 re
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
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-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4200         // and hopefully this time we will find the inode we want) 42.14 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4201         // and it will not be busy.) 24.08 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4202         goto loop;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(4203       }) 7.224 Tj
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-0 -10.4727 Td
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-0 -14.4 Td
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-0 -15.7091 Td
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-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4214     panic\("out of inodes"\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
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-(4216   nip->dev = dev;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4217   nip->inum = inum;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4218   nip->ref = 1;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4219   nip->busy = 1;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4220 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(4221   release\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(4222 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(4223   bp = bread\(dev, IBLOCK\(inum\)\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(4224   dip = &\(\(struct dinode*\)\(bp->data\)\)[inum % IPB];) 33.11 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(4225   nip->type = dip->type;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4226   nip->major = dip->major;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(4227   nip->minor = dip->minor;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4228   nip->nlink = dip->nlink;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4229   nip->size = dip->size;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(4230   memmove\(nip->addrs, dip->addrs, sizeof\(nip->addrs\)\);) 35.518 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(4231   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(4232 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(4233   return nip;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(4234 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4235 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4236 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(4237 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4238 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(4239 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4240 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4241 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4242 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4243 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4244 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(4245 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4246 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(4247 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(4248 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4249 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 42) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 12) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4200 // Directories) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4201 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4202 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4203 namecmp\(const char *s, const char *t\)) 183.478 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4204 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4205   return strncmp\(s, t, DIRSIZ\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4206 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4207 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4208 // Look for a directory entry in a directory.) 218.426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4209 // If found, set *poff to byte offset of entry.) 227.163 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4210 // Caller must have already locked dp.) 187.846 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4211 struct inode*) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4212 dirlookup\(struct inode *dp, char *name, uint *poff\)) 244.637 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4213 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4214   uint off, inum;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4215   struct buf *bp;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4216   struct dirent *de;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4217 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4218   if\(dp->type != T_DIR\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4219     panic\("dirlookup not DIR"\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4220 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4221   for\(off = 0; off < dp->size; off += BSIZE\){) 218.426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4222     bp = bread\(dp->dev, bmap\(dp, off / BSIZE, 0\)\);) 240.268 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4223     for\(de = \(struct dirent*\)bp->data;) 187.846 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4224         de < \(struct dirent*\)\(bp->data + BSIZE\);) 231.531 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4225         de++\){) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4226       if\(de->inum == 0\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4227         continue;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4228       if\(namecmp\(name, de->name\) == 0\){) 192.215 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4229         // entry matches path element) 183.478 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4230         if\(poff\)) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4231           *poff = off + \(uchar*\)de - bp->data;) 222.794 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4232         inum = de->inum;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4233         brelse\(bp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4234         return iget\(dp->dev, inum\);) 174.741 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4235       }) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4236     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4237     brelse\(bp\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4238   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4239   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(4240 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(4241 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(4242 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(4243 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(4244 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
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+(4246 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 42) 34.9481 Tj
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 5) 21.07 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4250 // Copy inode in memory, which has changed, to disk.) 34.314 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4251 // Caller must have locked ip.) 21.07 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4252 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(4253 iupdate\(struct inode *ip\)) 18.06 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(4254 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(4255   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(4256   struct dinode *dip;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4257 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4258   bp = bread\(ip->dev, IBLOCK\(ip->inum\)\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(4259   dip = &\(\(struct dinode*\)\(bp->data\)\)[ip->inum % IPB];) 35.518 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4260   dip->type = ip->type;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(4261   dip->major = ip->major;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4262   dip->minor = ip->minor;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4263   dip->nlink = ip->nlink;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4264   dip->size = ip->size;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(4265   memmove\(dip->addrs, ip->addrs, sizeof\(ip->addrs\)\);) 34.314 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4266   bwrite\(bp, IBLOCK\(ip->inum\)\);   // mark it allocated on the disk) 42.742 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4267   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4268 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4269 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4270 // Allocate a new inode with the given type) 28.896 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(4271 // from the file system on device dev.) 25.886 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(4272 struct inode*) 10.836 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(4273 ialloc\(uint dev, short type\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
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-(4275   struct inode *ip;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4276   struct dinode *dip = 0;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(4277   struct superblock *sb;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4278   int ninodes;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4279   int inum;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(4280   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(4281 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(4282   bp = bread\(dev, 1\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(4283   sb = \(struct superblock*\) bp->data;) 25.284 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(4284   ninodes = sb->ninodes;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4285   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4286 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(4287   for\(inum = 1; inum < ninodes; inum++\) {  // loop over inode blocks) 43.946 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4288     bp = bread\(dev, IBLOCK\(inum\)\);) 23.478 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(4289     dip = &\(\(struct dinode*\)\(bp->data\)\)[inum % IPB];) 34.314 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4290     if\(dip->type == 0\) {  // a free inode) 27.692 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4291       break;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4292     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4293     brelse\(bp\);) 12.04 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4294   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(4295 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4296   if\(inum >= ninodes\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(4297     panic\("ialloc: no inodes left"\);) 24.682 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(4298 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4299 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 42) 4.816 Tj
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+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 13) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4250 // Write a new directory entry \(name, ino\) into the dire\
+ctory dp.) 305.796 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4251 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4252 dirlink\(struct inode *dp, char *name, uint ino\)) 227.163 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4253 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4254   int off;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4255   struct dirent de;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4256   struct inode *ip;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4257 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4258   // Check that name is not present.) 179.109 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4259   if\(\(ip = dirlookup\(dp, name, 0\)\) != 0\){) 200.952 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4260     iput\(ip\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4261     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4262   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4263 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4264   // Look for an empty dirent.) 152.898 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4265   for\(off = 0; off < dp->size; off += sizeof\(de\)\){) 240.268 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4266     if\(readi\(dp, \(char*\)&de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != si\
+zeof\(de\)\)) 283.953 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4267       panic\("dirlink read"\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4268     if\(de.inum == 0\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4269       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4270   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4271 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4272   strncpy\(de.name, name, DIRSIZ\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4273   de.inum = ino;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4274   if\(writei\(dp, \(char*\)&de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != siz\
+eof\(de\)\)) 279.585 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4275     panic\("dirlink"\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4276 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4277   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4278 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4279 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
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+(4299 ) 21.8426 Tj
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 6) 21.07 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4300   memset\(dip, 0, sizeof\(*dip\)\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4301   dip->type = type;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4302   bwrite\(bp, IBLOCK\(inum\)\);   // mark it allocated on the disk) 40.334 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(4303   brelse\(bp\);) 10.836 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(4304   ip = iget\(dev, inum\);) 16.856 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(4305   return ip;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(4306 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4307 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4308 // Free the given inode from its file system.) 30.1 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(4309 static void) 9.632 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4310 ifree\(struct inode *ip\)) 16.856 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(4311 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4312   ip->type = 0;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4313   iupdate\(ip\);) 11.438 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4314 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(4315 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4316 // Lock the given inode \(wait for it to be not busy,) 34.314 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4317 // and then ip->busy\).) 16.254 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4318 // Caller must already hold a reference to ip.) 30.702 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4319 // Otherwise, if all the references to ip go away,) 33.11 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4320 // it might be reused underfoot.) 22.274 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(4321 void) 5.418 Tj
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-(4322 ilock\(struct inode *ip\)) 16.856 Tj
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-(4323 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(4324   if\(ip->ref < 1\)) 13.244 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(4325     panic\("ilock"\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4326 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(4327   acquire\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
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-(4329   while\(ip->busy\)) 13.244 Tj
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-(4331   ip->busy = 1;) 12.04 Tj
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-(4332 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(4337 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(4338 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(4339 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4340 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4341 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4342 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4343 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4344 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(4345 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
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-0 -65.4545 Td
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 14) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4300 // Paths) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4301 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4302 // Copy the next path element from path into name.) 240.268 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4303 // Return a pointer to the element following the copied on\
+e.) 283.953 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4304 // The returned path has no leading slashes,) 214.057 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4305 // so the caller can check *path=='\\0' to see if the name\
+ is the last one.) 345.113 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4306 // If no name to remove, return 0.) 170.372 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4307 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4308 // Examples:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4309 //   skipelem\("a/bb/c", name\) = "bb/c", setting name = "\
+a") 275.216 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4310 //   skipelem\("///a//bb", name\) = "bb", setting name = "\
+a") 275.216 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4311 //   skipelem\("", name\) = skipelem\("////", name\) = 0) 249.005 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4312 //) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4313 static char*) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4314 skipelem\(char *path, char *name\)) 161.635 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4315 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4316   char *s;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4317   int len;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4318 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(4319   while\(*path == '/'\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4320     path++;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4321   if\(*path == 0\)) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4322     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4323   s = path;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4324   while\(*path != '/' && *path != 0\)) 174.741 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4325     path++;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4326   len = path - s;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4327   if\(len >= DIRSIZ\)) 104.844 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4328     memmove\(name, s, DIRSIZ\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4329   else {) 56.7907 Tj
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+(4330     memmove\(name, s, len\);) 135.424 Tj
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+(4331     name[len] = 0;) 100.476 Tj
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+(4332   }) 34.9481 Tj
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+(4333   while\(*path == '/'\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4334     path++;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4335   return path;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4336 }) 26.2111 Tj
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-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4350 // Caller holds reference to ip and has locked it.) 33.11 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4351 // Caller no longer needs to examine / change it.) 32.508 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4352 // Unlock it, but keep the reference.) 25.284 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
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-(4356   if\(ip->busy != 1 || ip->ref < 1\)) 23.478 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4357     panic\("iunlock"\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4358 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(4359   acquire\(&inode_table_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4360 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(4361   ip->busy = 0;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4362   wakeup\(ip\);) 10.836 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4363 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
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-0 -23.5636 Td
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-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4367 // Return the disk block address of the nth block in inode ip.) 40.334 Tj
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-0 -32.7273 Td
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-(4374 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(4375   if\(bn >= MAXFILE\)) 14.448 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4376     panic\("bmap 1"\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(4377   if\(bn < NDIRECT\) {) 15.05 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4378     x = ip->addrs[bn];) 16.254 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4379     if\(x == 0\)) 11.438 Tj
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-(4381   } else {) 9.03 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(4382     if\(ip->addrs[INDIRECT] == 0\)) 22.274 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(4383       panic\("bmap 3"\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(4384     inbp = bread\(ip->dev, ip->addrs[INDIRECT]\);) 31.304 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4385     a = \(uint*\) inbp->data;) 19.264 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4386     x = a[bn - NDIRECT];) 17.458 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(4387     brelse\(inbp\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4388     if\(x == 0\)) 11.438 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(4389       panic\("bmap 4"\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4390   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4391   return x;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4392 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4393 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4394 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(4395 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4396 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(4397 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(4398 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4399 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/fs.c  Page 15) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4350 // Look up and return the inode for a path name.) 231.531 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4351 // If parent != 0, return the inode for the parent and cop\
+y the final) 323.27 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4352 // path element into name, which must have room for DIRSIZ\
+ bytes.) 305.796 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
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+(4356   struct inode *ip, *next;) 135.424 Tj
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+(4358   if\(*path == '/'\)) 100.476 Tj
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+(4359     ip = iget\(ROOTDEV, 1\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4360   else) 48.0537 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4361     ip = idup\(cp->cwd\);) 122.318 Tj
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+(4362 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(4363   while\(\(path = skipelem\(path, name\)\) != 0\){) 214.057 Tj
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+(4364     ilock\(ip\);) 83.0018 Tj
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+(4365     if\(ip->type != T_DIR\){) 135.424 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4366       iunlockput\(ip\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4367       return 0;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4368     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4369     if\(parent && *path == '\\0'\){) 161.635 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4370       // Stop one level early.) 152.898 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4371       iunlock\(ip\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4372       return ip;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4373     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4374     if\(\(next = dirlookup\(ip, name, 0\)\) == 0\){) 218.426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4375       iunlockput\(ip\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4376       return 0;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4377     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4378     iunlockput\(ip\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4379     ip = next;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4380   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4381   if\(parent\){) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4382     iput\(ip\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4383     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4384   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4385   return ip;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
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+0 -379.734 Td
+(4387 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
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+(4390 {) 26.2111 Tj
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+(4391   char name[DIRSIZ];) 109.213 Tj
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+0 -484.161 Td
+(4398   return _namei\(path, 1, name\);) 157.267 Tj
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-0 -20.9455 Td
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-0 -22.2545 Td
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-0 -23.5636 Td
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-0 -28.8 Td
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-0 -58.9091 Td
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-0 -60.2181 Td
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-0 -61.5272 Td
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-0 -62.8363 Td
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-0 -64.1454 Td
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+(4400 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
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+(4401 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
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+(4402 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
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+(4403 #include "file.h") 96.1073 Tj
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+(4404 #include "spinlock.h") 113.581 Tj
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+(4405 #include "dev.h") 91.7388 Tj
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+(4407 struct devsw devsw[NDEV];) 131.055 Tj
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+(4408 struct spinlock file_table_lock;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4409 struct file file[NFILE];) 126.687 Tj
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+(4410 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(4411 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4412 fileinit\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4413 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4414   initlock\(&file_table_lock, "file_table"\);) 209.689 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4415 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4416 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4417 // Allocate a file structure.) 148.529 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4418 struct file*) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4419 filealloc\(void\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4420 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4421   int i;) 56.7907 Tj
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+(4422 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(4423   acquire\(&file_table_lock\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4424   for\(i = 0; i < NFILE; i++\){) 148.529 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4425     if\(file[i].type == FD_CLOSED\){) 170.372 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4426       file[i].type = FD_NONE;) 148.529 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4427       file[i].ref = 1;) 117.95 Tj
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+(4428       release\(&file_table_lock\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4429       return file + i;) 117.95 Tj
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+(4430     }) 43.6851 Tj
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+(4432   release\(&file_table_lock\);) 144.161 Tj
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+0 -370.241 Td
+(4436 // Increment ref count for file f.) 170.372 Tj
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+(4437 struct file*) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4438 filedup\(struct file *f\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4439 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(4440   acquire\(&file_table_lock\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(4441   if\(f->ref < 1 || f->type == FD_CLOSED\)) 196.583 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(4442     panic\("filedup"\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(4443   f->ref++;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(4444   release\(&file_table_lock\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(4445   return f;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(4446 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(4447 ) 21.8426 Tj
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-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4450 // Caller holds reference to ip but not lock.) 30.1 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4451 // Drop reference.) 13.846 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4452 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(4453 idecref\(struct inode *ip\)) 18.06 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(4454 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(4455   ilock\(ip\);) 10.234 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(4456   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4457 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4458 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(4459 // Increment reference count for ip.) 24.682 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4460 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(4461 iincref\(struct inode *ip\)) 18.06 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4462 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4463   ilock\(ip\);) 10.234 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4464   ip->ref++;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(4465   iunlock\(ip\);) 11.438 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4466 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4467 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4468 // Copy stat information from inode.) 24.682 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4469 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4470 stati\(struct inode *ip, struct stat *st\)) 27.09 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(4471 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(4472   st->dev = ip->dev;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(4473   st->ino = ip->inum;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(4474   st->type = ip->type;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(4475   st->nlink = ip->nlink;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4476   st->size = ip->size;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(4477 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4478 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4479 #define min\(a, b\) \(\(a\) < \(b\) ? \(a\) : \(b\)\)) 27.692 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(4480 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(4481 // Read data from inode.) 17.458 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(4482 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
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-(4484 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4485   uint target = n, n1;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4486   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(4487 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4488   if\(ip->type == T_DEV\) {) 18.06 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
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-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4490       return -1;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4491     return devsw[ip->major].read\(ip->minor, dst, n\);) 34.314 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4492   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4493 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4494   while\(n > 0 && off < ip->size\){) 22.876 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(4495     bp = bread\(ip->dev, bmap\(ip, off / BSIZE\)\);) 31.304 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4496     n1 = min\(n, ip->size - off\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(4497     n1 = min\(n1, BSIZE - \(off % BSIZE\)\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(4498     memmove\(dst, bp->data + \(off % BSIZE\), n1\);) 31.304 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4499     n -= n1;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 44) 4.816 Tj
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+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/file.c  Page 2) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4450 // Close file f.  \(Decrement ref count, close when reache\
+s 0.\)) 292.69 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4451 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4452 fileclose\(struct file *f\)) 131.055 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4453 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4454   struct file ff;) 96.1073 Tj
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+(4455 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(4456   acquire\(&file_table_lock\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4457   if\(f->ref < 1 || f->type == FD_CLOSED\)) 196.583 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4458     panic\("fileclose"\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4459   if\(--f->ref > 0\){) 104.844 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4460     release\(&file_table_lock\);) 152.898 Tj
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+(4461     return;) 69.8962 Tj
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+(4462   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4463   ff = *f;) 65.5277 Tj
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+(4464   f->ref = 0;) 78.6333 Tj
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+(4465   f->type = FD_CLOSED;) 117.95 Tj
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+(4466   release\(&file_table_lock\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4467 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4468   if\(ff.type == FD_PIPE\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4469     pipeclose\(ff.pipe, ff.writable\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4470   else if\(ff.type == FD_INODE\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4471     iput\(ff.ip\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4472   else) 48.0537 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4473     panic\("fileclose"\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4474 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4475 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4476 // Get metadata about file f.) 148.529 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4477 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4478 filestat\(struct file *f, struct stat *st\)) 200.952 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4479 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4480   if\(f->type == FD_INODE\){) 135.424 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4481     ilock\(f->ip\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4482     stati\(f->ip, st\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4483     iunlock\(f->ip\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4484     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4485   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4486   return -1;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4487 }) 26.2111 Tj
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-0 -3.92728 Td
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-0 -5.23637 Td
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-0 -26.1818 Td
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-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4518       b = balloc\(ip->dev\);) 18.662 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4519       if\(b <= 0\)) 12.642 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4520         return -1;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
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-0 -32.7273 Td
-(4522     }) 6.02 Tj
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-(4523   } else {) 9.03 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
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-(4527         return -1;) 13.846 Tj
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-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4529     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(4530     inbp = bread\(ip->dev, ip->addrs[INDIRECT]\);) 31.304 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(4531     inaddrs = \(uint*\) inbp->data;) 22.876 Tj
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-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4535         return -1;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4536       inaddrs[lbn - NDIRECT] = b;) 22.876 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(4537       bwrite\(inbp, ip->addrs[INDIRECT]\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4538     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(4539     brelse\(inbp\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4540   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4541   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4542 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4543 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4544 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
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+0 0 Td
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/file.c  Page 3) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4500 // Read from file f.  Addr is kernel address.) 218.426 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4501 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4502 fileread\(struct file *f, char *addr, int n\)) 209.689 Tj
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+(4503 {) 26.2111 Tj
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+(4504   int r;) 56.7907 Tj
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+(4505 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4506   if\(f->readable == 0\)) 117.95 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4507     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4508   if\(f->type == FD_PIPE\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4509     return piperead\(f->pipe, addr, n\);) 187.846 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4510   if\(f->type == FD_INODE\){) 135.424 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4511     ilock\(f->ip\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4512     if\(\(r = readi\(f->ip, addr, f->off, n\)\) > 0\)) 227.163 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4513       f->off += r;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4514     iunlock\(f->ip\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4515     return r;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4516   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4517   panic\("fileread"\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4518 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4519 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4520 // Write to file f.  Addr is kernel address.) 214.057 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4521 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4522 filewrite\(struct file *f, char *addr, int n\)) 214.057 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4523 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4524   int r;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4525 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4526   if\(f->writable == 0\)) 117.95 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4527     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4528   if\(f->type == FD_PIPE\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4529     return pipewrite\(f->pipe, addr, n\);) 192.215 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4530   if\(f->type == FD_INODE\){) 135.424 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4531     ilock\(f->ip\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4532     if\(\(r = writei\(f->ip, addr, f->off, n\)\) > 0\)) 231.531 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4533       f->off += r;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4534     iunlock\(f->ip\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4535     return r;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4536   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4537   panic\("filewrite"\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4538 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4539 ) 21.8426 Tj
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 11) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4550 // Write data to inode.) 16.856 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4551 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4552 writei\(struct inode *ip, char *addr, uint off, uint n\)) 35.518 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(4553 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(4554   if\(ip->type == T_DEV\) {) 18.06 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
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-0 -11.7818 Td
-(4556       return -1;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4557     return devsw[ip->major].write\(ip->minor, addr, n\);) 35.518 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4558   } else if\(ip->type == T_FILE || ip->type == T_DIR\) {) 35.518 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(4559     struct buf *bp;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4560     int r = 0;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(4561     int m;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4562     int lbn;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4563     while\(r < n\) {) 13.846 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4564       lbn = off / BSIZE;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(4565       if\(lbn >= MAXFILE\)) 17.458 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4566         return r;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4567       if\(newblock\(ip, lbn\) < 0\) {) 22.876 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4568         cprintf\("newblock failed\\n"\);) 25.284 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4569         return r;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4570       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(4571       m = min\(BSIZE - off % BSIZE, n-r\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(4572       bp = bread\(ip->dev, bmap\(ip, lbn\)\);) 27.692 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(4573       memmove\(bp->data + off % BSIZE, addr, m\);) 31.304 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
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-0 -36.6545 Td
-(4575       brelse\(bp\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4576       r += m;) 10.836 Tj
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-(4577       off += m;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4578     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4579     if\(r > 0\) {) 12.04 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(4580       if\(off > ip->size\) {) 18.662 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(4581         if\(ip->type == T_DIR\)) 20.468 Tj
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-(4582           ip->size = \(\(off / BSIZE\) + 1\) * BSIZE;) 32.508 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(4583         else) 10.234 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(4584           ip->size = off;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4585       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4586       iupdate\(ip\);) 13.846 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(4587     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4588     return r;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(4589   } else {) 9.03 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4590     panic\("writei: unknown type"\);) 23.478 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4591     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4592   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4593 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4594 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(4595 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4596 ) 3.01 Tj
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-0 -66.7636 Td
-(4598 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4599 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 45) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 1) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4550 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4551 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4552 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4553 #include "stat.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4554 #include "mmu.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4555 #include "proc.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4556 #include "fs.h") 87.3703 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4557 #include "fsvar.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4558 #include "file.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4559 #include "fcntl.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4560 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4561 // Fetch the nth word-sized system call argument as a file\
+ descriptor) 323.27 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4562 // and return both the descriptor and the corresponding st\
+ruct file.) 318.902 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4563 static int) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4564 argfd\(int n, int *pfd, struct file **pf\)) 196.583 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4565 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4566   int fd;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4567   struct file *f;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4568 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4569   if\(argint\(n, &fd\) < 0\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4570     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4571   if\(fd < 0 || fd >= NOFILE || \(f=cp->ofile[fd]\) == 0\)) 257.742 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4572     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4573   if\(pfd\)) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4574     *pfd = fd;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4575   if\(pf\)) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4576     *pf = f;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4577   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4578 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4579 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4580 // Allocate a file descriptor for the given file.) 235.9 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4581 // Takes over file reference from caller on success.) 249.005 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4582 static int) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4583 fdalloc\(struct file *f\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4584 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4585   int fd;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4586 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4587   for\(fd = 0; fd < NOFILE; fd++\){) 166.004 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4588     if\(cp->ofile[fd] == 0\){) 139.792 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4589       cp->ofile[fd] = f;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(4590       return fd;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(4591     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(4592   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(4593   return -1;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(4594 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(4595 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(4596 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(4597 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(4598 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(4599 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 45) 34.9481 Tj
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 Q
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@@ -15094,6 +16126,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
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@@ -15101,241 +16136,257 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 12) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4600 // look up a path name, in one of three modes.) 30.702 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4601 // NAMEI_LOOKUP: return locked target inode.) 29.498 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4602 // NAMEI_CREATE: return locked parent inode.) 29.498 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(4603 //   return 0 if name does exist.) 22.876 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(4604 //   *ret_last points to last path component \(i.e. new file name\).) 42.742 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(4605 //   *ret_ip points to the the name that did exist, if it did.) 40.334 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(4606 //   *ret_ip and *ret_last may be zero even if return value is zero.) 43.946 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4607 // NAMEI_DELETE: return locked parent inode, offset of dirent in *ret_off.) 47.558 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4608 //   return 0 if name doesn't exist.) 24.682 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(4609 struct inode*) 10.836 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4610 namei\(char *path, int mode, uint *ret_off,) 28.294 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(4611       char **ret_last, struct inode **ret_ip\)) 30.1 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4612 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4613   struct inode *dp;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4614   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(4615   char *cp = path, *cp1;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4616   uint off, dev;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4617   struct buf *bp;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4618   struct dirent *ep;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4619   int i, l, atend;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4620   uint ninum;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(4621 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(4622   if\(ret_off\)) 10.836 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(4623     *ret_off = 0xffffffff;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(4624   if\(ret_last\)) 11.438 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(4625     *ret_last = 0;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4626   if\(ret_ip\)) 10.234 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(4627     *ret_ip = 0;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4628 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4629   if\(*cp == '/'\)) 12.642 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(4630     dp = iget\(rootdev, 1\);) 18.662 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(4631   else {) 7.826 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(4632     dp = p->cwd;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(4633     iincref\(dp\);) 12.642 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(4634     ilock\(dp\);) 11.438 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4635   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4636 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(4637   for\(;;\){) 9.03 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4638     while\(*cp == '/'\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(4639       cp++;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4640 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4641     if\(*cp == '\\0'\){) 15.05 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4642       if\(mode == NAMEI_LOOKUP\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4643         return dp;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4644       if\(mode == NAMEI_CREATE && ret_ip\){) 27.692 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(4645         *ret_ip = dp;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4646         return 0;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(4647       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(4648       iput\(dp\);) 12.04 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4649       return 0;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 46) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 2) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4600 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4601 sys_read\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4602 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4603   struct file *f;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4604   int n;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4605   char *cp;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4606 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4607   if\(argfd\(0, 0, &f\) < 0 || argint\(2, &n\) < 0 || argp\
+tr\(1, &cp, n\) < 0\)) 332.007 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4608     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4609   return fileread\(f, cp, n\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4610 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4611 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4612 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4613 sys_write\(void\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4614 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4615   struct file *f;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4616   int n;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4617   char *cp;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4618 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4619   if\(argfd\(0, 0, &f\) < 0 || argint\(2, &n\) < 0 || argp\
+tr\(1, &cp, n\) < 0\)) 332.007 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4620     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4621   return filewrite\(f, cp, n\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4622 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4623 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4624 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4625 sys_dup\(void\)) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4626 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4627   struct file *f;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4628   int fd;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4629 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4630   if\(argfd\(0, 0, &f\) < 0\)) 131.055 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4631     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4632   if\(\(fd=fdalloc\(f\)\) < 0\)) 131.055 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4633     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4634   filedup\(f\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4635   return fd;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4636 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4637 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4638 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4639 sys_close\(void\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(4640 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(4641   int fd;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(4642   struct file *f;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(4643 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(4644   if\(argfd\(0, &fd, &f\) < 0\)) 139.792 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(4645     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(4646   cp->ofile[fd] = 0;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(4647   fileclose\(f\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(4648   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(4649 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 46) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 13) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4650     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4651 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4652     if\(dp->type != T_DIR\){) 18.662 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(4653       iput\(dp\);) 12.04 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(4654       return 0;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(4655     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(4656 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4657     for\(i = 0; cp[i] != 0 && cp[i] != '/'; i++\)) 31.304 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4658       ;) 7.224 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(4659     l = i;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4660     if\(i > DIRSIZ\)) 13.846 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(4661       l = DIRSIZ;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4662 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4663     for\(off = 0; off < dp->size; off += BSIZE\){) 31.304 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4664       bp = bread\(dp->dev, bmap\(dp, off / BSIZE\)\);) 32.508 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(4665       for\(ep = \(struct dirent*\) bp->data;) 27.692 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4666           ep < \(struct dirent*\) \(bp->data + BSIZE\);) 33.712 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4667           ep++\){) 12.642 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4668         if\(ep->inum == 0\)) 18.06 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4669           continue;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4670         if\(memcmp\(cp, ep->name, l\) == 0 &&) 28.294 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(4671            \(l == DIRSIZ || ep->name[l]== 0\)\){) 30.1 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(4672           // entry matches path element) 26.488 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(4673           off += \(uchar*\)ep - bp->data;) 26.488 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(4674           ninum = ep->inum;) 19.264 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(4675           brelse\(bp\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4676           cp += i;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(4677           goto found;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4678         }) 8.428 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4679       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(4680       brelse\(bp\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(4681     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(4682     atend = 1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(4683     for\(cp1 = cp; *cp1; cp1++\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(4684       if\(*cp1 == '/'\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4685         atend = 0;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4686     if\(mode == NAMEI_CREATE && atend\){) 25.886 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(4687       if\(*cp == '\\0'\){) 16.254 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4688         iput\(dp\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(4689         return 0;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4690       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4691       *ret_last = cp;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4692       return dp;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4693     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4694 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(4695     iput\(dp\);) 10.836 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4696     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(4697 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(4698 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4699 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 46) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 3) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4650 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4651 sys_fstat\(void\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4652 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4653   struct file *f;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4654   struct stat *st;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4655 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4656   if\(argfd\(0, 0, &f\) < 0 || argptr\(1, \(void*\)&st, si\
+zeof\(*st\)\) < 0\)) 314.533 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4657     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4658   return filestat\(f, st\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4659 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4660 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4661 // Create the path new as a link to the same inode as old.) 275.216 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4662 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4663 sys_link\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4664 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4665   char name[DIRSIZ], *new, *old;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4666   struct inode *dp, *ip;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4667 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4668   if\(argstr\(0, &old\) < 0 || argstr\(1, &new\) < 0\)) 231.531 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4669     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4670   if\(\(ip = namei\(old\)\) == 0\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4671     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4672   ilock\(ip\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4673   if\(ip->type == T_DIR\){) 126.687 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4674     iunlockput\(ip\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4675     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4676   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4677   ip->nlink++;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4678   iupdate\(ip\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4679   iunlock\(ip\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4680 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4681   if\(\(dp = nameiparent\(new, name\)\) == 0\)) 196.583 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4682     goto  bad;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4683   ilock\(dp\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4684   if\(dp->dev != ip->dev || dirlink\(dp, name, ip->inum\) \
+< 0\)) 279.585 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4685     goto bad;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4686   iunlockput\(dp\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4687   iput\(ip\);) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4688   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4689 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(4690 bad:) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(4691   if\(dp\)) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(4692     iunlockput\(dp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(4693   ilock\(ip\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(4694   ip->nlink--;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(4695   iupdate\(ip\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(4696   iunlockput\(ip\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(4697   return -1;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(4698 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(4699 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 46) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -15346,7 +16397,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 54 54
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -15354,241 +16408,257 @@ __tumble pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 14) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4700   found:) 7.826 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4701     if\(mode == NAMEI_DELETE && *cp == '\\0'\){) 29.498 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4702       *ret_off = off;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(4703       return dp;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(4704     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(4705     dev = dp->dev;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(4706     iput\(dp\);) 10.836 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4707     dp = iget\(dev, ninum\);) 18.662 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4708     if\(dp->type == 0 || dp->nlink < 1\)) 25.886 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(4709       panic\("namei"\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4710   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(4711 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4712 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4713 // Write a new directory entry \(name, ino\) into the directory dp.) 42.14 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4714 // Caller must have locked dp.) 21.07 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(4715 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4716 wdir\(struct inode *dp, char *name, uint ino\)) 29.498 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4717 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4718   uint off;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4719   struct dirent de;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4720   int i;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(4721 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(4722   for\(off = 0; off < dp->size; off += sizeof\(de\)\){) 33.11 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(4723     if\(readi\(dp, \(char*\) &de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != sizeof\(de\)\)) 39.732 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(4724       panic\("wdir read"\);) 18.06 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(4725     if\(de.inum == 0\)) 15.05 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4726       break;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(4727   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4728 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4729   de.inum = ino;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(4730   for\(i = 0; i < DIRSIZ && name[i]; i++\)) 27.09 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(4731     de.name[i] = name[i];) 18.06 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(4732   for\( ; i < DIRSIZ; i++\)) 18.06 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(4733     de.name[i] = '\\0';) 16.254 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(4734 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4735   if\(writei\(dp, \(char*\) &de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != sizeof\(de\)\)) 39.13 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4736     panic\("wdir write"\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(4737 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4738 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
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-(4740 ) 3.01 Tj
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+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4700 // Is the directory dp empty except for "." and ".." ?) 257.742 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4701 static int) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4702 isdirempty\(struct inode *dp\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4703 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4704   int off;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4705   struct dirent de;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4706 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4707   for\(off=2*sizeof\(de\); off<dp->size; off+=sizeof\(de\)\
+\){) 262.111 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4708     if\(readi\(dp, \(char*\)&de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != si\
+zeof\(de\)\)) 283.953 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4709       panic\("isdirempty: readi"\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4710     if\(de.inum != 0\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4711       return 0;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4712   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4713   return 1;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4714 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4715 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4716 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4717 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(4735 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4736 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4737 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4738 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4739 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+0 -465.175 Td
+(4746 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 47) 34.9481 Tj
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 15) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4750 // Create the path cp and return its locked inode structure.) 39.13 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4751 // If cp already exists, return 0.) 23.478 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4752 struct inode*) 10.836 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(4753 mknod\(char *cp, short type, short major, short minor\)) 34.916 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(4754 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
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-0 -11.7818 Td
-(4756   char *last;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4757 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4758   if\(\(dp = namei\(cp, NAMEI_CREATE, 0, &last, 0\)\) == 0\)) 35.518 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(4759     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4760 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(4761   ip = mknod1\(dp, last, type, major, minor\);) 29.498 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4762 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4763   iput\(dp\);) 9.632 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4764 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(4765   return ip;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4766 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4767 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4768 // Create a new inode named name inside dp) 28.294 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4769 // and return its locked inode structure.) 27.692 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4770 // If name already exists, return 0.) 24.682 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
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-0 -32.7273 Td
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-0 -37.9636 Td
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-(4777   if\(ip == 0\)) 10.836 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4778     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4779   ip->major = major;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(4780   ip->minor = minor;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(4781   ip->size = 0;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
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-0 -47.1272 Td
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-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4785 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4786   wdir\(dp, name, ip->inum\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(4787 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4788   return ip;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
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-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4790 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(4791 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(4792 ) 3.01 Tj
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-0 -62.8363 Td
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-(4796 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(4797 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(4798 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4799 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 47) 4.816 Tj
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+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 5) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4750 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4751 sys_unlink\(void\)) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4752 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4753   struct inode *ip, *dp;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4754   struct dirent de;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4755   char name[DIRSIZ], *path;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4756   uint off;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4757 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4758   if\(argstr\(0, &path\) < 0\)) 135.424 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4759     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4760   if\(\(dp = nameiparent\(path, name\)\) == 0\)) 200.952 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4761     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4762   ilock\(dp\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4763 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4764   // Cannot unlink "." or "..".) 157.267 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4765   if\(namecmp\(name, "."\) == 0 || namecmp\(name, ".."\) =\
+= 0\){) 275.216 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4766     iunlockput\(dp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4767     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4768   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4769 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4770   if\(\(ip = dirlookup\(dp, name, &off\)\) == 0\){) 214.057 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4771     iunlockput\(dp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4772     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4773   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4774   ilock\(ip\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4775 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4776   if\(ip->nlink < 1\)) 104.844 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4777     panic\("unlink: nlink < 1"\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4778   if\(ip->type == T_DIR && !isdirempty\(ip\)\){) 209.689 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4779     iunlockput\(ip\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4780     iunlockput\(dp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4781     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4782   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4783 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4784   memset\(&de, 0, sizeof\(de\)\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4785   if\(writei\(dp, \(char*\)&de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != siz\
+eof\(de\)\)) 279.585 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4786     panic\("unlink: writei"\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4787   iunlockput\(dp\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4788 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4789   ip->nlink--;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(4790   iupdate\(ip\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(4791   iunlockput\(ip\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(4792   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(4793 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(4794 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(4795 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(4796 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(4797 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(4798 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(4799 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 47) 34.9481 Tj
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@@ -15600,6 +16670,9 @@ pdfEndPage
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 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
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@@ -15607,241 +16680,260 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
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-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/fs.c  Page 16) 21.672 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(4800 // Unlink the inode named cp.) 20.468 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(4801 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(4802 unlink\(char *cp\)) 12.642 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(4803 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(4804   struct inode *ip, *dp;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(4805   struct dirent de;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(4806   uint off, inum, dev;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(4807 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(4808   dp = namei\(cp, NAMEI_DELETE, &off, 0, 0\);) 28.896 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(4809   if\(dp == 0\)) 10.836 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(4810     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(4811 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(4812   dev = dp->dev;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(4813 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(4814   if\(readi\(dp, \(char*\)&de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != sizeof\(de\) || de.inum == 0\)) 47.558 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(4815     panic\("unlink no entry"\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(4816 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(4817   inum = de.inum;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(4818 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(4819   memset\(&de, 0, sizeof\(de\)\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(4820   if\(writei\(dp, \(char*\)&de, off, sizeof\(de\)\) != sizeof\(de\)\)) 38.528 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(4821     panic\("unlink dir write"\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(4822 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(4823   iupdate\(dp\);) 11.438 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(4824   iput\(dp\);) 9.632 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(4825 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(4826   ip = iget\(dev, inum\);) 16.856 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(4827 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(4828   if\(ip->nlink < 1\)) 14.448 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(4829     panic\("unlink nlink < 1"\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(4830 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(4831   ip->nlink--;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(4832 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(4833   iupdate\(ip\);) 11.438 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(4834   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(4835 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(4836   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(4837 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(4838 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
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-0 -56.2909 Td
-(4840 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
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-0 -58.9091 Td
-(4842 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(4843 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(4844 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(4845 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(4846 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(4847 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(4848 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(4849 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 48) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 6) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(4800 static struct inode*) 109.213 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(4801 create\(char *path, int canexist, short type, short major,\
+ short minor\)) 327.639 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(4802 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(4803   uint off;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(4804   struct inode *ip, *dp;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(4805   char name[DIRSIZ];) 109.213 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(4806 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(4807   if\(\(dp = nameiparent\(path, name\)\) == 0\)) 200.952 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(4808     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(4809   ilock\(dp\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(4810 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(4811   if\(canexist && \(ip = dirlookup\(dp, name, &off\)\) != \
+0\){) 266.479 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4812     iunlockput\(dp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4813     ilock\(ip\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4814     if\(ip->type != type || ip->major != major || ip->mino\
+r != minor\){) 323.27 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4815       iunlockput\(ip\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4816       return 0;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4817     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4818     return ip;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4819   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4820 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4821   if\(\(ip = ialloc\(dp->dev, type\)\) == 0\){) 196.583 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4822     iunlockput\(dp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4823     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4824   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4825   ilock\(ip\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4826   ip->major = major;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4827   ip->minor = minor;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4828   ip->nlink = 1;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4829   iupdate\(ip\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4830 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4831   if\(dirlink\(dp, name, ip->inum\) < 0\){) 187.846 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4832     ip->nlink = 0;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4833     iunlockput\(ip\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4834     iunlockput\(dp\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4835     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4836   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4837 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4838   if\(type == T_DIR\){  // Create . and .. entries.) 235.9 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4839     dp->nlink++;  // for "..") 148.529 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(4840     iupdate\(dp\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(4841     // No ip->nlink++ for ".": avoid cyclic ref count.) 257.742 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(4842     if\(dirlink\(ip, ".", ip->inum\) < 0 || dirlink\(ip, "\
+..", dp->inum\) < 0\)) 340.744 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(4843       panic\("create dots"\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(4844   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(4845   iunlockput\(dp\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(4846   return ip;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(4847 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(4848 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(4849 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 48) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
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 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
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+(4961     if\(i >= NELEM\(argv\)\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(4962       return -1;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(4963     if\(fetchint\(cp, uargv+4*i, \(int*\)&uarg\) < 0\)) 231.531 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(4964       return -1;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(4965     if\(uarg == 0\){) 100.476 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(4966       argv[i] = 0;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(4967       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(4968     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(4969     if\(fetchstr\(cp, uarg, &argv[i]\) < 0\)) 196.583 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(4970       return -1;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(4971   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(4972   return exec\(path, argv\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(4973 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(4974 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(4975 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(4976 sys_pipe\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(4977 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(4978   int *fd;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(4979   struct file *rf, *wf;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(4980   int fd0, fd1;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(4981 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(4982   if\(argptr\(0, \(void*\)&fd, 2*sizeof\(fd[0]\)\) < 0\)) 231.531 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(4983     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(4984   if\(pipealloc\(&rf, &wf\) < 0\)) 148.529 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(4985     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(4986   fd0 = -1;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(4987   if\(\(fd0 = fdalloc\(rf\)\) < 0 || \(fd1 = fdalloc\(wf\)\
+\) < 0\){) 270.848 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(4988     if\(fd0 >= 0\)) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(4989       cp->ofile[fd0] = 0;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(4990     fileclose\(rf\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(4991     fileclose\(wf\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(4992     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(4993   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(4994   fd[0] = fd0;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(4995   fd[1] = fd1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(4996   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(4997 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(4998 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(4999 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 49) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -16106,6 +17217,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -16113,241 +17227,260 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/file.c  Page 3) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(5000 // Close file f.  \(Decrement ref count, close when reaches 0.\)) 40.334 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(5001 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5002 fileclose\(struct file *f\)) 18.06 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5003 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(5004   acquire\(&file_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5005 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5006   if\(f->ref < 1 || f->type == FD_CLOSED\)) 27.09 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5007     panic\("fileclose"\);) 16.856 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5008 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5009   if\(--f->ref == 0\){) 15.05 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5010     struct file dummy = *f;) 19.264 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5011 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5012     f->ref = 0;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5013     f->type = FD_CLOSED;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5014     release\(&file_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5015 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5016     if\(dummy.type == FD_PIPE\){) 21.07 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5017       pipe_close\(dummy.pipe, dummy.writable\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5018     } else if\(dummy.type == FD_FILE\){) 25.284 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5019       idecref\(dummy.ip\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5020     } else {) 10.234 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5021       panic\("fileclose"\);) 18.06 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5022     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5023   } else {) 9.03 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(5024     release\(&file_table_lock\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(5025   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5026 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5027 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5028 // Get metadata about file f.) 20.468 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5029 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(5030 filestat\(struct file *f, struct stat *st\)) 27.692 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(5031 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5032   if\(f->type == FD_FILE\){) 18.06 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5033     ilock\(f->ip\);) 13.244 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(5034     stati\(f->ip, st\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(5035     iunlock\(f->ip\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(5036     return 0;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5037   } else) 7.826 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5038     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5039 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5040 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5041 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5042 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5043 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5044 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5045 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5046 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5047 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5048 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5049 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 50) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/exec.c  Page 1) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5000 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5001 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5002 #include "mmu.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5003 #include "proc.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5004 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5005 #include "x86.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5006 #include "elf.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5007 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5008 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5009 exec\(char *path, char **argv\)) 148.529 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5010 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5011   char *mem, *s, *last;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5012   int i, argc, arglen, len, off;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5013   uint sz, sp, argp;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5014   struct elfhdr elf;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5015   struct inode *ip;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5016   struct proghdr ph;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5017 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5018   if\(\(ip = namei\(path\)\) == 0\)) 148.529 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5019     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5020   ilock\(ip\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5021 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5022   // Compute memory size of new process.) 196.583 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5023   mem = 0;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5024   sz = 0;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5025 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5026   // Program segments.) 117.95 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5027   if\(readi\(ip, \(char*\)&elf, 0, sizeof\(elf\)\) < sizeo\
+f\(elf\)\)) 275.216 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5028     goto bad;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5029   if\(elf.magic != ELF_MAGIC\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5030     goto bad;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5031   for\(i=0, off=elf.phoff; i<elf.phnum; i++, off+=sizeof\(\
+ph\)\){) 288.322 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5032     if\(readi\(ip, \(char*\)&ph, off, sizeof\(ph\)\) != si\
+zeof\(ph\)\)) 283.953 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5033       goto bad;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5034     if\(ph.type != ELF_PROG_LOAD\)) 161.635 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5035       continue;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5036     if\(ph.memsz < ph.filesz\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5037       goto bad;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5038     sz += ph.memsz;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5039   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5040 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5041   // Arguments.) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5042   arglen = 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5043   for\(argc=0; argv[argc]; argc++\)) 166.004 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5044     arglen += strlen\(argv[i]\) + 1;) 170.372 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5045   arglen = \(arglen+3\) & ~3;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5046   sz += arglen + 4*\(argc+1\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5047 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(5048   // Stack.) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(5049   sz += PAGE;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 50) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/file.c  Page 4) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(5050 // Increment ref count for file f.) 23.478 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(5051 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5052 fileincref\(struct file *f\)) 18.662 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5053 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(5054   acquire\(&file_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5055   if\(f->ref < 1 || f->type == FD_CLOSED\)) 27.09 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5056     panic\("fileincref"\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5057   f->ref++;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5058   release\(&file_table_lock\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5059 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5060 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5061 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5062 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5063 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5064 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5065 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5066 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5067 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5068 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5069 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5070 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5071 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5072 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5073 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(5074 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(5075 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5076 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5077 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5078 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5079 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(5080 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(5081 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5082 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5083 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(5084 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(5085 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(5086 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5087 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5088 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5089 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5090 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5091 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5092 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5093 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5094 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5095 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5096 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5097 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5098 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5099 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 50) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/exec.c  Page 2) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5050   // Allocate program memory.) 148.529 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5051   sz = \(sz+PAGE-1\) & ~\(PAGE-1\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5052   mem = kalloc\(sz\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5053   if\(mem == 0\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5054     goto bad;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5055   memset\(mem, 0, sz\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5056 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5057   // Load program into memory.) 152.898 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5058   for\(i=0, off=elf.phoff; i<elf.phnum; i++, off+=sizeof\(\
+ph\)\){) 288.322 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5059     if\(readi\(ip, \(char*\)&ph, off, sizeof\(ph\)\) != si\
+zeof\(ph\)\)) 283.953 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5060       goto bad;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5061     if\(ph.type != ELF_PROG_LOAD\)) 161.635 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5062       continue;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5063     if\(ph.va + ph.memsz > sz\)) 148.529 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5064       goto bad;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5065     if\(readi\(ip, mem + ph.va, ph.offset, ph.filesz\) != \
+ph.filesz\)) 305.796 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5066       goto bad;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5067     memset\(mem + ph.va + ph.filesz, 0, ph.memsz - ph.file\
+sz\);) 288.322 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5068   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5069   iunlockput\(ip\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5070 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5071   // Initialize stack.) 117.95 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5072   sp = sz;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5073   argp = sz - arglen - 4*\(argc+1\);) 170.372 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5074 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5075   // Copy argv strings and pointers to stack.) 218.426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5076   *\(uint*\)\(mem+argp + 4*argc\) = 0;  // argv[argc]) 235.9 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5077   for\(i=argc-1; i>=0; i--\){) 139.792 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5078     len = strlen\(argv[i]\) + 1;) 152.898 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5079     sp -= len;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5080     memmove\(mem+sp, argv[i], len\);) 170.372 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5081     *\(uint*\)\(mem+argp + 4*i\) = sp;  // argv[i]) 222.794 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5082   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5083 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5084   // Stack frame for main\(argc, argv\), below arguments.) 262.111 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5085   sp = argp;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5086   sp -= 4;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5087   *\(uint*\)\(mem+sp\) = argp;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5088   sp -= 4;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5089   *\(uint*\)\(mem+sp\) = argc;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5090   sp -= 4;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5091   *\(uint*\)\(mem+sp\) = 0xffffffff;   // fake return pc) 249.005 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5092 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5093   // Save program name for debugging.) 183.478 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5094   for\(last=s=path; *s; s++\)) 139.792 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5095     if\(*s == '/'\)) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5096       last = s+1;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5097   safestrcpy\(cp->name, last, sizeof\(cp->name\)\);) 227.163 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(5098 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(5099 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 50) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -16358,7 +17491,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 58 58
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -16366,241 +17502,254 @@ __tumble pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(5100 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(5101 #include "stat.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5102 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5103 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(5104 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5105 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5106 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5107 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5108 #include "syscall.h") 15.05 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5109 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5110 #include "buf.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5111 #include "fs.h") 12.04 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5112 #include "fsvar.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5113 #include "elf.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5114 #include "file.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5115 #include "fcntl.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5116 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5117 // Fetch the nth word-sized system call argument as a file descriptor) 44.548 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5118 // and return both the descriptor and the corresponding struct file.) 43.946 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5119 static int) 9.03 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5120 argfd\(int argno, int *pfd, struct file **pf\)) 29.498 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5121 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5122   int fd;) 8.428 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5123   struct file *f;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(5124   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(5125 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5126   if\(argint\(argno, &fd\) < 0\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5127     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5128   if\(fd < 0 || fd >= NOFILE || \(f=p->ofile[fd]\) == 0\)) 34.916 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5129     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(5130   if\(pfd\)) 8.428 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(5131     *pfd = fd;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5132   if\(pf\)) 7.826 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5133     *pf = f;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(5134   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(5135 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(5136 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5137 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5138 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5139 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5140 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5141 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5142 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5143 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5144 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5145 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5146 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(5148 ) 3.01 Tj
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-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 51) 4.816 Tj
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+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/exec.c  Page 3) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5100   // Commit to the new image.) 148.529 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5101   kfree\(cp->mem, cp->sz\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5102   cp->mem = mem;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5103   cp->sz = sz;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5104   cp->tf->eip = elf.entry;  // main) 174.741 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5105   cp->tf->esp = sp;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5106   setupsegs\(cp\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5107   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5108 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5109  bad:) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5110   if\(mem\)) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5111     kfree\(mem, sz\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5112   iunlockput\(ip\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5113   return -1;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5114 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5115 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5116 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5117 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5118 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5119 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5120 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5126 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5130 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+0 -341.761 Td
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+0 -351.254 Td
+(5134 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5135 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5136 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5137 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5138 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5139 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5140 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5141 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5142 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5143 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5144 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5145 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5146 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5147 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(5148 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(5149 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 51) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
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 180 500 5760 3460 re
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+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 2) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(5150 // Allocate a file descriptor for the given file.) 32.508 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(5151 // Takes over file reference from caller on success.) 34.314 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5152 static int) 9.03 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5153 fdalloc\(struct file *f\)) 16.856 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
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-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5155   int fd;) 8.428 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5156   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5157   for\(fd = 0; fd < NOFILE; fd++\){) 22.876 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5158     if\(p->ofile[fd] == 0\){) 18.662 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5159       p->ofile[fd] = f;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5160       return fd;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5161     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5162   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5163   return -1;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5164 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5165 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5166 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5167 sys_pipe\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
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-0 -28.8 Td
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-0 -30.1091 Td
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-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5171   int fd0, fd1;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5172   struct proc *p = curproc[cpu\(\)];) 23.478 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5173 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(5174   if\(argptr\(0, \(void*\)&fd, 2*sizeof fd[0]\) < 0\)) 31.304 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(5175     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5176   if\(pipe_alloc\(&rf, &wf\) < 0\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5177     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5178   fd0 = -1;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5179   if\(\(fd0 = fdalloc\(rf\)\) < 0 || \(fd1 = fdalloc\(wf\)\) < 0\){) 37.324 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(5180     if\(fd0 >= 0\)) 12.642 Tj
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-(5181       p->ofile[fd0] = 0;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5182     fileclose\(rf\);) 13.846 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5183     fileclose\(wf\);) 13.846 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(5184     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(5185   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(5186   fd[0] = fd0;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5187   fd[1] = fd1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5188   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5189 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5190 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5191 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5192 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5193 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5194 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5195 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5196 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5197 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5198 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5199 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 51) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/pipe.c  Page 1) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5150 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5151 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5152 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5153 #include "mmu.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5154 #include "proc.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5155 #include "file.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5156 #include "spinlock.h") 113.581 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5157 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5158 #define PIPESIZE 512) 109.213 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5159 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5160 struct pipe {) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5161   int readopen;   // read fd is still open) 205.32 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5162   int writeopen;  // write fd is still open) 209.689 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5163   int writep;     // next index to write) 196.583 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5164   int readp;      // next index to read) 192.215 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5165   struct spinlock lock;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5166   char data[PIPESIZE];) 117.95 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5167 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5168 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5169 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5170 pipealloc\(struct file **f0, struct file **f1\)) 218.426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5171 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5172   struct pipe *p;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5173 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5174   p = 0;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5175   *f0 = *f1 = 0;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5176   if\(\(*f0 = filealloc\(\)\) == 0 || \(*f1 = filealloc\(\)\
+\) == 0\)) 275.216 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5177     goto bad;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5178   if\(\(p = \(struct pipe*\)kalloc\(PAGE\)\) == 0\)) 209.689 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5179     goto bad;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5180   p->readopen = 1;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5181   p->writeopen = 1;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5182   p->writep = 0;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5183   p->readp = 0;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5184   initlock\(&p->lock, "pipe"\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5185   \(*f0\)->type = FD_PIPE;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5186   \(*f0\)->readable = 1;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5187   \(*f0\)->writable = 0;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5188   \(*f0\)->pipe = p;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5189   \(*f1\)->type = FD_PIPE;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5190   \(*f1\)->readable = 0;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5191   \(*f1\)->writable = 1;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5192   \(*f1\)->pipe = p;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5193   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5194 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5195 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5196 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5197 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(5198 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(5199 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 51) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
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@@ -16612,6 +17761,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
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@@ -16619,241 +17771,253 @@ pdfStartPage
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+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
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-0 -14.4 Td
-(5208     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5209   return filewrite\(f, cp, n\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5210 }) 3.612 Tj
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-(5211 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
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-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5213 sys_read\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
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-0 -23.5636 Td
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-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5216   int n;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5217   char *cp;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5218 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
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-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5220     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5221   return fileread\(f, cp, n\);) 19.866 Tj
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-(5231     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
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-0 -48.4363 Td
-(5234   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
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-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5242 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5243 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5244 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5245 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5246 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5247 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5248 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5249 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 52) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/pipe.c  Page 2) 161.635 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5200  bad:) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5201   if\(p\)) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5202     kfree\(\(char*\)p, PAGE\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5203   if\(*f0\){) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5204     \(*f0\)->type = FD_NONE;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5205     fileclose\(*f0\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5206   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5207   if\(*f1\){) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5208     \(*f1\)->type = FD_NONE;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5209     fileclose\(*f1\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5210   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5211   return -1;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5212 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5213 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5214 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5215 pipeclose\(struct pipe *p, int writable\)) 192.215 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5216 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5217   acquire\(&p->lock\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5218   if\(writable\){) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5219     p->writeopen = 0;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5220     wakeup\(&p->readp\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5221   } else {) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5222     p->readopen = 0;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5223     wakeup\(&p->writep\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5224   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5225   release\(&p->lock\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5226 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5227   if\(p->readopen == 0 && p->writeopen == 0\)) 209.689 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5228     kfree\(\(char*\)p, PAGE\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5229 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
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-(5444 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(5445   if\(argfd\(0, 0, &f\) < 0 || argptr\(1, \(void*\)&st, sizeof *st\) < 0\)) 42.742 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5446     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5447   return filestat\(f, st\);) 18.06 Tj
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-(5448 }) 3.612 Tj
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-(5449 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 54) 4.816 Tj
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+0 0 Td
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/mp.h  Page 1) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5400 // See MultiProcessor Specification Version 1.[14]) 240.268 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5401 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5402 struct mp {             // floating pointer) 209.689 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5403   uchar signature[4];           // "_MP_") 200.952 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5404   void *physaddr;               // phys addr of MP config \
+table) 297.059 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5405   uchar length;                 // 1) 179.109 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5406   uchar specrev;                // [14]) 192.215 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5407   uchar checksum;               // all bytes must add up t\
+o 0) 288.322 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5408   uchar type;                   // MP system config type) 266.479 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5409   uchar imcrp;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5410   uchar reserved[3];) 109.213 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5411 };) 30.5796 Tj
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+(5412 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5413 struct mpconf {         // configuration table header) 253.374 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5414   uchar signature[4];           // "PCMP") 200.952 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5415   ushort length;                // total table length) 253.374 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5416   uchar version;                // [14]) 192.215 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5417   uchar checksum;               // all bytes must add up t\
+o 0) 288.322 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5418   uchar product[20];            // product id) 218.426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5419   uint *oemtable;               // OEM table pointer) 249.005 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5420   ushort oemlength;             // OEM table length) 244.637 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5421   ushort entry;                 // entry count) 222.794 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5422   uint *lapicaddr;              // address of local APIC) 266.479 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5423   ushort xlength;               // extended table length) 266.479 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5424   uchar xchecksum;              // extended table checksum) 275.216 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5425   uchar reserved;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5426 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5427 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5428 struct mpproc {         // processor table entry) 231.531 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5429   uchar type;                   // entry type \(0\)) 235.9 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5430   uchar apicid;                 // local APIC id) 231.531 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5431   uchar version;                // local APIC verison) 253.374 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5432   uchar flags;                  // CPU flags) 214.057 Tj
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+(5433     #define MPBOOT 0x02           // This proc is the boot\
+strap processor.) 345.113 Tj
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+(5434   uchar signature[4];           // CPU signature) 231.531 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5435   uint feature;                 // feature flags from CPUI\
+D instruction) 332.007 Tj
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+(5436   uchar reserved[8];) 109.213 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5437 };) 30.5796 Tj
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+(5439 struct mpioapic {       // I/O APIC table entry) 227.163 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5440   uchar type;                   // entry type \(2\)) 235.9 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5441   uchar apicno;                 // I/O APIC id) 222.794 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5442   uchar version;                // I/O APIC version) 244.637 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5443   uchar flags;                  // I/O APIC flags) 235.9 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5444   uint *addr;                  // I/O APIC address) 240.268 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5445 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5446 ) 21.8426 Tj
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-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5488     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5489 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5490   ip = namei\(path, NAMEI_LOOKUP, 0, 0, 0\);) 28.294 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5491   if\(ip == 0\)) 10.836 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5492     return -1;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5493 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5494   if\(readi\(ip, \(char*\)&elf, 0, sizeof\(elf\)\) < sizeof\(elf\)\)) 37.926 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5495     goto bad;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5496 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5497   if\(elf.magic != ELF_MAGIC\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5498     goto bad;) 10.836 Tj
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-(5499 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(Sheet 54) 4.816 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/mp.h  Page 2) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5450 // Table entry types) 109.213 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5451 #define MPPROC    0x00  // One per processor) 214.057 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5452 #define MPBUS     0x01  // One per bus) 187.846 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5453 #define MPIOAPIC  0x02  // One per I/O APIC) 209.689 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5454 #define MPIOINTR  0x03  // One per bus interrupt source) 262.111 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5455 #define MPLINTR   0x04  // One per system interrupt source) 275.216 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5456 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5457 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5463 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5464 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5465 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5466 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5467 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5468 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5469 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5470 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5471 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5472 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5473 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5474 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5475 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5476 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5477 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5480 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5493 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5494 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5495 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5496 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5498 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5499 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 54) 34.9481 Tj
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@@ -17370,7 +18569,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 62 62
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
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 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 9) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(5500   sz = 0;) 8.428 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(5501   for\(i = 0; i < elf.phnum; i++\){) 22.876 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5502     if\(readi\(ip, \(char*\)&ph, elf.phoff + i * sizeof\(ph\),) 36.722 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5503              sizeof\(ph\)\) != sizeof\(ph\)\)) 26.488 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(5504       goto bad;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5505     if\(ph.type != ELF_PROG_LOAD\)) 22.274 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5506       continue;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5507     if\(ph.memsz < ph.filesz\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5508       goto bad;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5509     sz += ph.memsz;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5510   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5511 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5512   sz += 4096 - \(sz % 4096\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5513   sz += 4096;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5514 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5515   mem = kalloc\(sz\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5516   if\(mem == 0\)) 11.438 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5517     goto bad;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5518   memset\(mem, 0, sz\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5519 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5520   nargs = 0;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5521   argbytes = 0;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5522   for\(i = 0;; i++\){) 14.448 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5523     if\(fetchint\(cp, argv + 4*i, \(int*\)&ap\) < 0\)) 31.304 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(5524       goto bad;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(5525     if\(ap == 0\)) 12.04 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5526       break;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5527     len = fetchstr\(cp, ap, &s\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5528     if\(len < 0\)) 12.04 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5529       goto bad;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(5530     nargs++;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(5531     argbytes += len + 1;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5532   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5533 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(5534   // argn\\0) 9.632 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(5535   // ...) 7.826 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(5536   // arg0\\0) 9.632 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5537   // 0) 6.622 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5538   // ptr to argn) 12.642 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5539   // ...) 7.826 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5540   // 12: ptr to arg0) 15.05 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5541   //  8: argv \(points to ptr to arg0\)) 25.284 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5542   //  4: argc) 10.836 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5543   //  0: fake return pc) 16.856 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5544   sp = sz - argbytes - \(nargs+1\)*4 - 4 - 4 - 4;) 31.304 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5545   *\(uint*\)\(mem + sp\) = 0xffffffff;) 23.478 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5546   *\(uint*\)\(mem + sp + 4\) = nargs;) 22.876 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5547   *\(uint*\)\(mem + sp + 8\) = \(uint\)\(sp + 12\);) 28.896 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5548 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5549 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 55) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/mp.c  Page 1) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5500 // Multiprocessor bootstrap.) 144.161 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5501 // Search memory for MP description structures.) 227.163 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5502 // http://developer.intel.com/design/pentium/datashts/2420\
+1606.pdf) 310.165 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5503 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5504 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5505 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5506 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5507 #include "mp.h") 87.3703 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5508 #include "x86.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5509 #include "mmu.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5510 #include "proc.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5511 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5512 struct cpu cpus[NCPU];) 117.95 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5513 static struct cpu *bcpu;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5514 int ismp;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5515 int ncpu;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5516 uchar ioapic_id;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5517 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5518 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5519 mp_bcpu\(void\)) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5520 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5521   return bcpu-cpus;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5522 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5523 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5524 static uchar) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5525 sum\(uchar *addr, int len\)) 131.055 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5526 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5527   int i, sum;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5528 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5529   sum = 0;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5530   for\(i=0; i<len; i++\)) 117.95 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5531     sum += addr[i];) 104.844 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5532   return sum;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5533 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5534 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5535 // Look for an MP structure in the len bytes at addr.) 253.374 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5536 static struct mp*) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5537 mp_search1\(uchar *addr, int len\)) 161.635 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5538 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5539   uchar *e, *p;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5540 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5541   e = addr+len;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5542   for\(p = addr; p < e; p += sizeof\(struct mp\)\)) 222.794 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5543     if\(memcmp\(p, "_MP_", 4\) == 0 && sum\(p, sizeof\(str\
+uct mp\)\) == 0\)) 314.533 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5544       return \(struct mp*\)p;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5545   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5546 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5547 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(5548 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(5549 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 55) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/sysfile.c  Page 10) 24.682 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(5550   p1 = sp + 12;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(5551   p2 = sp + 12 + \(nargs + 1\) * 4;) 22.876 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5552   for\(i = 0; i < nargs; i++\){) 20.468 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5553     fetchint\(cp, argv + 4*i, \(int*\)&ap\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(5554     len = fetchstr\(cp, ap, &s\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5555     memmove\(mem + p2, s, len + 1\);) 23.478 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5556     *\(uint*\)\(mem + p1\) = p2;) 19.866 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5557     p1 += 4;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5558     p2 += len + 1;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5559   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5560   *\(uint*\)\(mem + p1\) = 0;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5561 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5562   // commit to the new image.) 20.468 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5563   kfree\(cp->mem, cp->sz\);) 18.06 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5564   cp->sz = sz;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5565   cp->mem = mem;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5566   mem = 0;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5567 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5568   for\(i = 0; i < elf.phnum; i++\){) 22.876 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5569     if\(readi\(ip, \(char*\)&ph, elf.phoff + i * sizeof\(ph\),) 36.722 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5570              sizeof\(ph\)\) != sizeof\(ph\)\)) 26.488 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5571       goto bad2;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5572     if\(ph.type != ELF_PROG_LOAD\)) 22.274 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5573       continue;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(5574     if\(ph.va + ph.memsz > sz\)) 20.468 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(5575       goto bad2;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5576     if\(readi\(ip, cp->mem + ph.va, ph.offset, ph.filesz\) != ph.filesz\)) 44.548 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5577       goto bad2;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5578     memset\(cp->mem + ph.va + ph.filesz, 0, ph.memsz - ph.filesz\);) 42.14 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5579   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(5580 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(5581   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5582 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5583   cp->tf->eip = elf.entry;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(5584   cp->tf->esp = sp;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(5585   setupsegs\(cp\);) 12.642 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(5586 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5587   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5588 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5589  bad:) 6.02 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5590   if\(mem\)) 8.428 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5591     kfree\(mem, sz\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5592   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5593   return -1;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5594 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5595  bad2:) 6.622 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5596   iput\(ip\);) 9.632 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5597   proc_exit\(\);) 11.438 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5598   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5599 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 55) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/mp.c  Page 2) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5550 // Search for the MP Floating Pointer Structure, which acc\
+ording to the) 332.007 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5551 // spec is in one of the following three locations:) 244.637 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5552 // 1\) in the first KB of the EBDA;) 170.372 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5553 // 2\) in the last KB of system base memory;) 209.689 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5554 // 3\) in the BIOS ROM between 0xE0000 and 0xFFFFF.) 240.268 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5555 static struct mp*) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5556 mp_search\(void\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5557 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5558   uchar *bda;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5559   uint p;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5560   struct mp *mp;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5561 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5562   bda = \(uchar*\)0x400;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5563   if\(\(p = \(bda[0x0F]<<8\)|bda[0x0E]\)\){) 183.478 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5564     if\(\(mp = mp_search1\(\(uchar*\)p, 1024\)\)\)) 205.32 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5565       return mp;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5566   } else {) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5567     p = \(\(bda[0x14]<<8\)|bda[0x13]\)*1024;) 196.583 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5568     if\(\(mp = mp_search1\(\(uchar*\)p-1024, 1024\)\)\)) 227.163 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5569       return mp;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5570   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5571   return mp_search1\(\(uchar*\)0xF0000, 0x10000\);) 222.794 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5572 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5573 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5574 // Search for an MP configuration table.  For now,) 240.268 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5575 // don't accept the default configurations \(physaddr == 0\
+\).) 279.585 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5576 // Check for correct signature, calculate the checksum and\
+,) 279.585 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5577 // if correct, check the version.) 166.004 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5578 // To do: check extended table checksum.) 196.583 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5579 static struct mpconf*) 113.581 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5580 mp_config\(struct mp **pmp\)) 135.424 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5581 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5582   struct mpconf *conf;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5583   struct mp *mp;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5584 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5585   if\(\(mp = mp_search\(\)\) == 0 || mp->physaddr == 0\)) 240.268 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5586     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5587   conf = \(struct mpconf*\)mp->physaddr;) 187.846 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5588   if\(memcmp\(conf, "PCMP", 4\) != 0\)) 170.372 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5589     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5590   if\(conf->version != 1 && conf->version != 4\)) 222.794 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5591     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5592   if\(sum\(\(uchar*\)conf, conf->length\) != 0\)) 205.32 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5593     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5594   *pmp = mp;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5595   return conf;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5596 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5597 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(5598 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(5599 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 55) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -17624,6 +18843,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -17631,241 +18853,267 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/pipe.c  Page 1) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(5600 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(5601 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5602 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5603 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(5604 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5605 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5606 #include "file.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5607 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5608 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5609 #define PIPESIZE 512) 15.05 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5610 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5611 struct pipe {) 10.836 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5612   int readopen; // read fd is still open) 27.09 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5613   int writeopen; // write fd is still open) 28.294 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5614   int writep; // next index to write) 24.682 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5615   int readp;  // next index to read) 24.08 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5616   struct spinlock lock;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5617   char data[PIPESIZE];) 16.254 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5618 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5619 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5620 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5621 pipe_alloc\(struct file **f0, struct file **f1\)) 30.702 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5622 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5623   *f0 = *f1 = 0;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(5624   struct pipe *p = 0;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(5625 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5626   if\(\(*f0 = filealloc\(\)\) == 0\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5627     goto oops;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5628   if\(\(*f1 = filealloc\(\)\) == 0\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5629     goto oops;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(5630   if\(\(p = \(struct pipe*\) kalloc\(PAGE\)\) == 0\)) 29.498 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(5631     goto oops;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5632   p->readopen = 1;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5633   p->writeopen = 1;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(5634   p->writep = 0;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(5635   p->readp = 0;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(5636   initlock\(&p->lock, "pipe"\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5637   \(*f0\)->type = FD_PIPE;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5638   \(*f0\)->readable = 1;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5639   \(*f0\)->writable = 0;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5640   \(*f0\)->pipe = p;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5641   \(*f1\)->type = FD_PIPE;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5642   \(*f1\)->readable = 0;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5643   \(*f1\)->writable = 1;) 16.254 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5644   \(*f1\)->pipe = p;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5645   return 0;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5646  oops:) 6.622 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5647   if\(p\)) 7.224 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5648     kfree\(\(char*\) p, PAGE\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5649   if\(*f0\){) 9.03 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 56) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/mp.c  Page 3) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5600 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5601 mp_init\(void\)) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5602 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5603   uchar *p, *e;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5604   struct mp *mp;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5605   struct mpconf *conf;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5606   struct mpproc *proc;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5607   struct mpioapic *ioapic;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5608 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5609   bcpu = &cpus[ncpu];) 113.581 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5610   if\(\(conf = mp_config\(&mp\)\) == 0\)) 170.372 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5611     return;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5612 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5613   ismp = 1;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5614   lapic = \(uint*\)conf->lapicaddr;) 166.004 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5615 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5616   for\(p=\(uchar*\)\(conf+1\), e=\(uchar*\)conf+conf->leng\
+th; p<e; \){) 292.69 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5617     switch\(*p\){) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5618     case MPPROC:) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5619       proc = \(struct mpproc*\)p;) 157.267 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5620       cpus[ncpu].apicid = proc->apicid;) 192.215 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5621       if\(proc->flags & MPBOOT\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5622         bcpu = &cpus[ncpu];) 139.792 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5623       ncpu++;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5624       p += sizeof\(struct mpproc\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5625       continue;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5626     case MPIOAPIC:) 100.476 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5627       ioapic = \(struct mpioapic*\)p;) 174.741 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5628       ioapic_id = ioapic->apicno;) 166.004 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5629       p += sizeof\(struct mpioapic\);) 174.741 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5630       continue;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5631     case MPBUS:) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5632     case MPIOINTR:) 100.476 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5633     case MPLINTR:) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5634       p += 8;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5635       continue;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5636     default:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5637       cprintf\("mp_init: unknown config type %x\\n", *p\);) 262.111 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5638       panic\("mp_init"\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5639     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5640   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5641 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5642   if\(mp->imcrp\){) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5643     // Bochs doesn't support IMCR, so this doesn't run on \
+Bochs.) 301.427 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5644     // But it would on real hardware.) 183.478 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5645     outb\(0x22, 0x70\);   // Select IMCR) 187.846 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5646     outb\(0x23, inb\(0x23\) | 1\);  // Mask external inter\
+rupts.) 283.953 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5647   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(5648 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(5649 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 56) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
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 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/pipe.c  Page 2) 22.274 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(5650     \(*f0\)->type = FD_NONE;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(5651     fileclose\(*f0\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5652   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5653   if\(*f1\){) 9.03 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(5654     \(*f1\)->type = FD_NONE;) 18.662 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5655     fileclose\(*f1\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5656   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5657   return -1;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5658 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5659 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5660 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5661 pipe_close\(struct pipe *p, int writable\)) 27.09 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5662 {) 3.612 Tj
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-(5663   acquire\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5664 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5665   if\(writable\){) 12.04 Tj
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-(5666     p->writeopen = 0;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5667     wakeup\(&p->readp\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5668   } else {) 9.03 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5669     p->readopen = 0;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5670     wakeup\(&p->writep\);) 16.856 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5671   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5672 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5673   release\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(5674 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(5675   if\(p->readopen == 0 && p->writeopen == 0\)) 28.896 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5676     kfree\(\(char*\) p, PAGE\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5677 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5678 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5679 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(5680 pipe_write\(struct pipe *p, char *addr, int n\)) 30.1 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(5681 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5682   int i;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5683 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(5684   acquire\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(5685 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(5686   for\(i = 0; i < n; i++\){) 18.06 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5687     while\(\(\(p->writep + 1\) % PIPESIZE\) == p->readp\){) 34.314 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5688       if\(p->readopen == 0\){) 19.264 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5689         release\(&p->lock\);) 18.662 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5690         return -1;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5691       }) 7.224 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5692       wakeup\(&p->readp\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5693       sleep\(&p->writep, &p->lock\);) 23.478 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5694     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5695     p->data[p->writep] = addr[i];) 22.876 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5696     p->writep = \(p->writep + 1\) % PIPESIZE;) 28.896 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5697   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5698 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(5699 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/lapic.c  Page 1) 166.004 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5650 // The local APIC manages internal \(non-I/O\) interrupts.) 266.479 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5651 // See Chapter 8 & Appendix C of Intel processor manual vo\
+lume 3.) 305.796 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5652 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5653 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5654 #include "traps.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5655 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5656 // Local APIC registers, divided by 4 for use as uint[] in\
+dices.) 301.427 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5657 #define ID      \(0x0020/4\)   // ID) 170.372 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5658 #define VER     \(0x0030/4\)   // Version) 192.215 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5659 #define TPR     \(0x0080/4\)   // Task Priority) 218.426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5660 #define EOI     \(0x00B0/4\)   // EOI) 174.741 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5661 #define SVR     \(0x00F0/4\)   // Spurious Interrupt Vecto\
+r) 270.848 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5662   #define ENABLE     0x00000100   // Unit Enable) 231.531 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5663 #define ESR     \(0x0280/4\)   // Error Status) 214.057 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5664 #define ICRLO   \(0x0300/4\)   // Interrupt Command) 235.9 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5665   #define INIT       0x00000500   // INIT/RESET) 227.163 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5666   #define STARTUP    0x00000600   // Startup IPI) 231.531 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5667   #define DELIVS     0x00001000   // Delivery status) 249.005 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5668   #define ASSERT     0x00004000   // Assert interrupt \(vs\
+ deassert\)) 314.533 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5669   #define LEVEL      0x00008000   // Level triggered) 249.005 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5670   #define BCAST      0x00080000   // Send to all APICs, in\
+cluding self.) 332.007 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5671 #define ICRHI   \(0x0310/4\)   // Interrupt Command [63:32\
+]) 270.848 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5672 #define TIMER   \(0x0320/4\)   // Local Vector Table 0 \(T\
+IMER\)) 283.953 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5673   #define X1         0x0000000B   // divide counts by 1) 262.111 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5674   #define PERIODIC   0x00020000   // Periodic) 218.426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5675 #define PCINT   \(0x0340/4\)   // Performance Counter LVT) 262.111 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5676 #define LINT0   \(0x0350/4\)   // Local Vector Table 1 \(L\
+INT0\)) 283.953 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5677 #define LINT1   \(0x0360/4\)   // Local Vector Table 2 \(L\
+INT1\)) 283.953 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5678 #define ERROR   \(0x0370/4\)   // Local Vector Table 3 \(E\
+RROR\)) 283.953 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5679   #define MASKED     0x00010000   // Interrupt masked) 253.374 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5680 #define TICR    \(0x0380/4\)   // Timer Initial Count) 244.637 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5681 #define TCCR    \(0x0390/4\)   // Timer Current Count) 244.637 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5682 #define TDCR    \(0x03E0/4\)   // Timer Divide Configurati\
+on) 275.216 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5683 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5684 volatile uint *lapic;  // Initialized in mp.c) 218.426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5685 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5686 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5687 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5698 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5699 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(Sheet 56) 34.9481 Tj
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-(5700   release\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
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-0 -6.54546 Td
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-0 -10.4727 Td
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-0 -15.7091 Td
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-(5710   acquire\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
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-0 -19.6364 Td
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-0 -20.9455 Td
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-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5714       release\(&p->lock\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5715       return 0;) 12.04 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5716     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5717     sleep\(&p->readp, &p->lock\);) 21.672 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5718   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5719 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5720   for\(i = 0; i < n; i++\){) 18.06 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
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-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5722       break;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5723     addr[i] = p->data[p->readp];) 22.274 Tj
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-0 -36.6545 Td
-(5725   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5726 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5727   release\(&p->lock\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5728   wakeup\(&p->writep\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5729   return i;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
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-(5731 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5732 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5733 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
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-0 -49.7454 Td
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-0 -56.2909 Td
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-0 -57.6 Td
-(5741 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5742 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5743 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5744 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5745 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5746 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5747 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5748 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5749 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 57) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/lapic.c  Page 2) 166.004 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5700 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5701 lapic_init\(int c\)) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5702 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5703   if\(!lapic\)) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5704     return;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5705 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5706   // Enable local APIC; set spurious interrupt vector.) 257.742 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5707   lapic[SVR] = ENABLE | \(IRQ_OFFSET+IRQ_SPURIOUS\);) 240.268 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5708 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5709   // The timer repeatedly counts down at bus frequency) 257.742 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5710   // from lapic[TICR] and then issues an interrupt.) 244.637 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5711   // Lapic[TCCR] is the current counter value.) 222.794 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5712   // If xv6 cared more about precise timekeeping, the) 253.374 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5713   // values of TICR and TCCR would be calibrated using) 257.742 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5714   // an external time source.) 148.529 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5715   lapic[TDCR] = X1;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5716   lapic[TICR] = 10000000;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5717   lapic[TCCR] = 10000000;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5718   lapic[TIMER] = PERIODIC | \(IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_TIMER\);) 253.374 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5719 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5720   // Disable logical interrupt lines.) 183.478 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5721   lapic[LINT0] = MASKED;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5722   lapic[LINT1] = MASKED;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5723 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5724   // Disable performance counter overflow interrupts) 249.005 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5725   // on machines that provide that interrupt entry.) 244.637 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5726   if\(\(\(lapic[VER]>>16\) & 0xFF\) >= 4\)) 179.109 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5727     lapic[PCINT] = MASKED;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5728 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5729   // Map error interrupt to IRQ_ERROR.) 187.846 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5730   lapic[ERROR] = IRQ_OFFSET+IRQ_ERROR;) 187.846 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5731 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5732   // Clear error status register \(requires back-to-back w\
+rites\).) 301.427 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5733   lapic[ESR] = 0;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5734   lapic[ESR] = 0;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5735 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5736   // Ack any outstanding interrupts.) 179.109 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5737   lapic[EOI] = 0;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5738 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5739   // Send an Init Level De-Assert to synchronise arbitrati\
+on ID's.) 310.165 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5740   lapic[ICRHI] = 0;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5741   lapic[ICRLO] = BCAST | INIT | LEVEL;) 187.846 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5742   while\(lapic[ICRLO] & DELIVS\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5743     ;) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5744 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5745   // Enable interrupts on the APIC \(but not on the proces\
+sor\).) 292.69 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5746   lapic[TPR] = 0;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5747 }) 26.2111 Tj
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-(5798 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(5799 ) 3.01 Tj
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-(Sheet 57) 4.816 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/lapic.c  Page 3) 166.004 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5750 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5751 cpu\(void\)) 61.1592 Tj
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+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5753   if\(lapic\)) 69.8962 Tj
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+(5754     return lapic[ID]>>24;) 131.055 Tj
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+(5755   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
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+(5757 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5758 // Acknowledge interrupt.) 131.055 Tj
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+(5759 void) 39.3166 Tj
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+(5764 }) 26.2111 Tj
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+(5765 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5766 // Spin for a given number of microseconds.) 209.689 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5767 // On real hardware would want to tune this dynamically.) 266.479 Tj
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+(5773   while\(us-- > 0\)) 96.1073 Tj
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+(5774     for\(j=0; j<10000; j++\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5775 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5776 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5777 // Start additional processor running bootstrap code at ad\
+dr.) 288.322 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5778 // See Appendix B of MultiProcessor Specification.) 240.268 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5779 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5780 lapic_startap\(uchar apicid, uint addr\)) 187.846 Tj
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+(5786   lapic[ICRHI] = apicid<<24;) 144.161 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5787   lapic[ICRLO] = INIT | LEVEL;) 152.898 Tj
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+(5788   microdelay\(10\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5789 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5790   // Send startup IPI \(twice!\) to enter bootstrap code.) 262.111 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5791   for\(i = 0; i < 2; i++\){) 131.055 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5792     lapic[ICRHI] = apicid<<24;) 152.898 Tj
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+(5793     lapic[ICRLO] = STARTUP | \(addr>>12\);) 196.583 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5794     for\(j=0; j<10000; j++\);  // 200us) 183.478 Tj
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+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/ioapic.c  Page 1) 170.372 Tj
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+(5800 // The I/O APIC manages hardware interrupts for an SMP sys\
+tem.) 292.69 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5801 // http://www.intel.com/design/chipsets/datashts/29056601.\
+pdf) 288.322 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5802 // See also picirq.c.) 113.581 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5803 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5804 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
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+(5806 #include "traps.h") 100.476 Tj
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+(5807 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5808 #define IOAPIC  0xFEC00000   // Default physical address o\
+f IO APIC) 314.533 Tj
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+(5809 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5810 #define REG_ID     0x00  // Register index: ID) 222.794 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5811 #define REG_VER    0x01  // Register index: version) 244.637 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5812 #define REG_TABLE  0x10  // Redirection table base) 240.268 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5813 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5814 // The redirection table starts at REG_TABLE and uses) 253.374 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5815 // two registers to configure each interrupt.) 218.426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5816 // The first \(low\) register in a pair contains configura\
+tion bits.) 310.165 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5817 // The second \(high\) register contains a bitmask telling\
+ which) 292.69 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5818 // CPUs can serve that interrupt.) 166.004 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5819 #define INT_DISABLED   0x00100000  // Interrupt disabled) 266.479 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5820 #define INT_LEVEL      0x00008000  // Level-triggered \(vs\
+ edge-\)) 301.427 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5821 #define INT_ACTIVELOW  0x00002000  // Active low \(vs high\
+\)) 275.216 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5822 #define INT_LOGICAL    0x00000800  // Destination is CPU i\
+d \(vs APIC ID\)) 336.376 Tj
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+(5823 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(5824 volatile struct ioapic *ioapic;) 157.267 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5825 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5826 // IO APIC MMIO structure: write reg, then read or write d\
+ata.) 292.69 Tj
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+(5827 struct ioapic {) 87.3703 Tj
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+(5828   uint reg;) 69.8962 Tj
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+(5829   uint pad[3];) 83.0018 Tj
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+(5834 ioapic_read\(int reg\)) 109.213 Tj
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+(5835 {) 26.2111 Tj
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+(5836   ioapic->reg = reg;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5837   return ioapic->data;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5838 }) 26.2111 Tj
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+(5840 static void) 69.8962 Tj
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+(5841 ioapic_write\(int reg, uint data\)) 161.635 Tj
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+(5842 {) 26.2111 Tj
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+(5843   ioapic->reg = reg;) 109.213 Tj
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+(5844   ioapic->data = data;) 117.95 Tj
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-(5850 #define IO_APIC_BASE   0xFEC00000   // Default phys addr of IO APIC) 43.344 Tj
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-(5851 #define IOAPIC_WINDOW        0x10   // Window register offset) 39.732 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5852 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5853 // Constants relating to APIC ID registers) 28.294 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(5854 #define APIC_ID_MASK            0xff000000) 28.294 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5855 #define APIC_ID_SHIFT           24) 23.478 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5856 #define APIC_ID_CLUSTER         0xf0) 24.682 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5857 #define APIC_ID_CLUSTER_ID      0x0f) 24.682 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5858 #define APIC_MAX_CLUSTER        0xe) 24.08 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5859 #define APIC_MAX_INTRACLUSTER_ID 3) 23.478 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5860 #define APIC_ID_CLUSTER_SHIFT   4) 22.876 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5861 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5862 // Fields in VER) 12.642 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5863 #define APIC_VER_VERSION        0x000000ff) 28.294 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5864 #define APIC_VER_MAXLVT         0x00ff0000) 28.294 Tj
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-(5865 #define MAXLVTSHIFT             16) 23.478 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5866 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5867 // Indexes into IO APIC) 16.856 Tj
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-(5868 #define IOAPIC_ID               0x00) 24.682 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5869 #define IOAPIC_VER              0x01) 24.682 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5870 #define IOAPIC_ARB              0x02) 24.682 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5871 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL           0x10) 24.682 Tj
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-(5872 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL0          IOAPIC_REDTBL) 30.1 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5873 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL1          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x02\)) 34.314 Tj
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-(5874 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL2          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x04\)) 34.314 Tj
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-(5875 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL3          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x06\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5876 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL4          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x08\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5877 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL5          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x0a\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5878 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL6          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x0c\)) 34.314 Tj
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-(5879 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL7          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x0e\)) 34.314 Tj
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-(5880 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL8          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x10\)) 34.314 Tj
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-(5881 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL9          \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x12\)) 34.314 Tj
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-(5882 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL10         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x14\)) 34.314 Tj
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-(5883 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL11         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x16\)) 34.314 Tj
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-(5884 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL12         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x18\)) 34.314 Tj
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-(5885 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL13         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x1a\)) 34.314 Tj
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-(5886 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL14         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x1c\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5887 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL15         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x1e\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5888 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL16         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x20\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5889 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL17         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x22\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5890 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL18         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x24\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5891 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL19         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x26\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5892 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL20         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x28\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5893 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL21         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x2a\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5894 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL22         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x2c\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5895 #define IOAPIC_REDTBL23         \(IOAPIC_REDTBL+0x2e\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5896 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5897 // Fields in the IO APIC's redirection table entries) 34.314 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5898 #define IOART_DEST      APIC_ID_MASK    // broadcast addr: all APICs) 43.946 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5899 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 58) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/ioapic.c  Page 2) 170.372 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5850 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5851 ioapic_init\(void\)) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5852 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5853   int i, id, maxintr;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5854 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5855   if\(!ismp\)) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5856     return;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5857 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5858   ioapic = \(volatile struct ioapic*\)IOAPIC;) 209.689 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5859   maxintr = \(ioapic_read\(REG_VER\) >> 16\) & 0xFF;) 231.531 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5860   id = ioapic_read\(REG_ID\) >> 24;) 166.004 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5861   if\(id != ioapic_id\)) 113.581 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5862     cprintf\("ioapic_init: id isn't equal to ioapic_id; no\
+t a MP\\n"\);) 318.902 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5863 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5864   // Mark all interrupts edge-triggered, active high, disa\
+bled,) 297.059 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5865   // and not routed to any CPUs.) 161.635 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5866   for\(i = 0; i <= maxintr; i++\){) 161.635 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5867     ioapic_write\(REG_TABLE+2*i, INT_DISABLED | \(IRQ_OFFS\
+ET + i\)\);) 305.796 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5868     ioapic_write\(REG_TABLE+2*i+1, 0\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5869   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5870 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5871 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5872 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5873 ioapic_enable\(int irq, int cpunum\)) 170.372 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5874 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5875   if\(!ismp\)) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5876     return;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5877 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5878   // Mark interrupt edge-triggered, active high,) 231.531 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5879   // enabled, and routed to the given cpunum,) 218.426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5880   // which happens to be that cpu's APIC ID.) 214.057 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5881   ioapic_write\(REG_TABLE+2*irq, IRQ_OFFSET + irq\);) 240.268 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5882   ioapic_write\(REG_TABLE+2*irq+1, cpunum << 24\);) 231.531 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5883 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5884 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5885 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5886 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5887 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5888 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5889 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5890 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5891 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5892 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5893 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5894 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5895 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5896 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5897 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(5898 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(5899 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 58) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -18382,7 +19676,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 66 66
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -18390,241 +19687,262 @@ __tumble pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ioapic.h  Page 2) 23.478 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(5900 #define IOART_RESV      0x00fe0000      // reserved) 33.712 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(5901 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5902 #define IOART_INTMASK   0x00010000      // R/W: INTerrupt mask) 40.334 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5903 #define IOART_INTMCLR   0x00000000      //       clear, allow INTs) 42.742 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(5904 #define IOART_INTMSET   0x00010000      //       set, inhibit INTs) 42.742 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5905 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5906 #define IOART_TRGRMOD   0x00008000      // R/W: trigger mode) 39.13 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5907 #define IOART_TRGREDG   0x00000000      //       edge) 34.916 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5908 #define IOART_TRGRLVL   0x00008000      //       level) 35.518 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5909 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5910 #define IOART_REM_IRR   0x00004000      // RO: remote IRR) 37.324 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5911 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5912 #define IOART_INTPOL    0x00002000      // R/W: INT input pin polarity) 45.15 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5913 #define IOART_INTAHI    0x00000000      //      active high) 38.528 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5914 #define IOART_INTALO    0x00002000      //      active low) 37.926 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5915 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5916 #define IOART_DELIVS    0x00001000      // RO: delivery status) 40.334 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5917 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5918 #define IOART_DESTMOD   0x00000800      // R/W: destination mode) 41.538 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5919 #define IOART_DESTPHY   0x00000000      //      physical) 36.722 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5920 #define IOART_DESTLOG   0x00000800      //      logical) 36.12 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5921 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5922 #define IOART_DELMOD    0x00000700      // R/W: delivery mode) 39.732 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5923 #define IOART_DELFIXED  0x00000000      //       fixed) 35.518 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(5924 #define IOART_DELLOPRI  0x00000100      //       lowest priority) 41.538 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(5925 #define IOART_DELSMI    0x00000200      //       System Management INT) 45.15 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5926 #define IOART_DELRSV1   0x00000300      //       reserved) 37.324 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5927 #define IOART_DELNMI    0x00000400      //       NMI signal) 38.528 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5928 #define IOART_DELINIT   0x00000500      //       INIT signal) 39.13 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5929 #define IOART_DELRSV2   0x00000600      //       reserved) 37.324 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(5930 #define IOART_DELEXINT  0x00000700      //       External INTerrupt) 43.344 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(5931 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5932 #define IOART_INTVEC    0x000000ff      // R/W: INTerrupt vector field) 45.15 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5933 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(5934 // Fields in VER) 12.642 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(5935 #define IOART_VER_VERSION       0x000000ff) 28.294 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(5936 #define IOART_VER_MAXREDIR      0x00ff0000) 28.294 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5937 #define MAXREDIRSHIFT           16) 23.478 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5938 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5939 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5940 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5941 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5942 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5943 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5944 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5945 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5946 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5947 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5948 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5949 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 59) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/picirq.c  Page 1) 170.372 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5900 // Intel 8259A programmable interrupt controllers.) 240.268 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5901 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5902 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5903 #include "x86.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5904 #include "traps.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5905 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5906 // I/O Addresses of the two programmable interrupt control\
+lers) 292.69 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5907 #define IO_PIC1         0x20    // Master \(IRQs 0-7\)) 249.005 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5908 #define IO_PIC2         0xA0    // Slave \(IRQs 8-15\)) 249.005 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5909 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5910 #define IRQ_SLAVE       2       // IRQ at which slave conn\
+ects to master) 336.376 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5911 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5912 // Current IRQ mask.) 109.213 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5913 // Initial IRQ mask has interrupt 2 enabled \(for slave 82\
+59A\).) 292.69 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5914 static ushort irqmask = 0xFFFF & ~\(1<<IRQ_SLAVE\);) 235.9 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5915 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5916 static void) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5917 pic_setmask\(ushort mask\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5918 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5919   irqmask = mask;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5920   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, mask\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5921   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, mask >> 8\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5922 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5923 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5924 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5925 pic_enable\(int irq\)) 104.844 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5926 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5927   pic_setmask\(irqmask & ~\(1<<irq\)\);) 174.741 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5928 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5929 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5930 // Initialize the 8259A interrupt controllers.) 222.794 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5931 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5932 pic_init\(void\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5933 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5934   // mask all interrupts) 126.687 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5935   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, 0xFF\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5936   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, 0xFF\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5937 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5938   // Set up master \(8259A-1\)) 144.161 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5939 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5940   // ICW1:  0001g0hi) 109.213 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5941   //    g:  0 = edge triggering, 1 = level triggering) 253.374 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5942   //    h:  0 = cascaded PICs, 1 = master only) 222.794 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5943   //    i:  0 = no ICW4, 1 = ICW4 required) 205.32 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5944   outb\(IO_PIC1, 0x11\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5945 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5946   // ICW2:  Vector offset) 131.055 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5947   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, IRQ_OFFSET\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(5948 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(5949 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 59) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/lapic.c  Page 1) 22.876 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(5950 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(5951 #include "mp.h") 12.04 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(5952 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(5953 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(5954 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(5955 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(5956 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(5957 #include "proc.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(5958 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(5959 enum {  // Local APIC registers) 21.672 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(5960   LAPIC_ID  = 0x0020,   // ID) 20.468 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(5961   LAPIC_VER = 0x0030,   // Version) 23.478 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(5962   LAPIC_TPR = 0x0080,   // Task Priority) 27.09 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(5963   LAPIC_APR = 0x0090,   // Arbitration Priority) 31.304 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(5964   LAPIC_PPR = 0x00A0,   // Processor Priority) 30.1 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(5965   LAPIC_EOI = 0x00B0,   // EOI) 21.07 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(5966   LAPIC_LDR = 0x00D0,   // Logical Destination) 30.702 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(5967   LAPIC_DFR = 0x00E0,   // Destination Format) 30.1 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(5968   LAPIC_SVR = 0x00F0,   // Spurious Interrupt Vector) 34.314 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(5969   LAPIC_ISR = 0x0100,   // Interrupt Status \(8 registers\)) 37.324 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(5970   LAPIC_TMR = 0x0180,   // Trigger Mode \(8 registers\)) 34.916 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(5971   LAPIC_IRR = 0x0200,   // Interrupt Request \(8 registers\)) 37.926 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(5972   LAPIC_ESR = 0x0280,   // Error Status) 26.488 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(5973   LAPIC_ICRLO = 0x0300, // Interrupt Command) 29.498 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(5974   LAPIC_ICRHI = 0x0310, // Interrupt Command [63:32]) 34.314 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(5975   LAPIC_TIMER = 0x0320, // Local Vector Table 0 \(TIMER\)) 36.12 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(5976   LAPIC_PCINT = 0x0340, // Performance Counter LVT) 33.11 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(5977   LAPIC_LINT0 = 0x0350, // Local Vector Table 1 \(LINT0\)) 36.12 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(5978   LAPIC_LINT1 = 0x0360, // Local Vector Table 2 \(LINT1\)) 36.12 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(5979   LAPIC_ERROR = 0x0370, // Local Vector Table 3 \(ERROR\)) 36.12 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(5980   LAPIC_TICR = 0x0380,  // Timer Initial Count) 30.702 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(5981   LAPIC_TCCR = 0x0390,  // Timer Current Count) 30.702 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(5982   LAPIC_TDCR = 0x03E0,  // Timer Divide Configuration) 34.916 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(5983 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(5984 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(5985 enum {  // LAPIC_SVR) 15.05 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(5986   LAPIC_ENABLE  = 0x00000100,   // Unit Enable) 30.702 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(5987   LAPIC_FOCUS   = 0x00000200,   // Focus Processor Checking Disable) 43.344 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(5988 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(5989 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(5990 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(5991 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(5992 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(5993 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(5994 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(5995 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(5996 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(5997 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(5998 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(5999 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 59) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/picirq.c  Page 2) 170.372 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(5950   // ICW3:  \(master PIC\) bit mask of IR lines connected \
+to slaves) 305.796 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(5951   //        \(slave PIC\) 3-bit # of slave's connection to\
+ master) 297.059 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(5952   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, 1<<IRQ_SLAVE\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(5953 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(5954   // ICW4:  000nbmap) 109.213 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(5955   //    n:  1 = special fully nested mode) 200.952 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(5956   //    b:  1 = buffered mode) 148.529 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(5957   //    m:  0 = slave PIC, 1 = master PIC) 200.952 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(5958   //      \(ignored when b is 0, as the master/slave role) 266.479 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(5959   //      can be hardwired\).) 144.161 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(5960   //    a:  1 = Automatic EOI mode) 170.372 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(5961   //    p:  0 = MCS-80/85 mode, 1 = intel x86 mode) 240.268 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(5962   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, 0x3\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(5963 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(5964   // Set up slave \(8259A-2\)) 139.792 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(5965   outb\(IO_PIC2, 0x11\);                  // ICW1) 227.163 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(5966   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, IRQ_OFFSET + 8\);      // ICW2) 227.163 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(5967   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, IRQ_SLAVE\);           // ICW3) 227.163 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(5968   // NB Automatic EOI mode doesn't tend to work on the sla\
+ve.) 288.322 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(5969   // Linux source code says it's "to be investigated".) 257.742 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(5970   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, 0x3\);                 // ICW4) 227.163 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(5971 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(5972   // OCW3:  0ef01prs) 109.213 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(5973   //   ef:  0x = NOP, 10 = clear specific mask, 11 = set s\
+pecific mask) 327.639 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(5974   //    p:  0 = no polling, 1 = polling mode) 214.057 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(5975   //   rs:  0x = NOP, 10 = read IRR, 11 = read ISR) 240.268 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(5976   outb\(IO_PIC1, 0x68\);             // clear specific mas\
+k) 270.848 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(5977   outb\(IO_PIC1, 0x0a\);             // read IRR by defaul\
+t) 270.848 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(5978 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(5979   outb\(IO_PIC2, 0x68\);             // OCW3) 205.32 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(5980   outb\(IO_PIC2, 0x0a\);             // OCW3) 205.32 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(5981 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(5982   if\(irqmask != 0xFFFF\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(5983     pic_setmask\(irqmask\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(5984 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(5985 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(5986 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(5987 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(5988 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(5989 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(5990 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(5991 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(5992 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(5993 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(5994 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(5995 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(5996 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(5997 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(5998 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(5999 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 59) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -18636,6 +19954,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -18643,243 +19964,254 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/lapic.c  Page 2) 22.876 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6000 enum {  // LAPIC_ICRLO) 16.254 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6001   // [14] IPI Trigger Mode Level \(RW\)) 25.284 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6002   LAPIC_DEASSERT = 0x00000000,  // Deassert level-sensitive interrupt) 44.548 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6003   LAPIC_ASSERT  = 0x00004000,   // Assert level-sensitive interrupt) 43.344 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6004 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6005   // [17:16] Remote Read Status) 21.672 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6006   LAPIC_INVALID = 0x00000000,   // Invalid) 28.294 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6007   LAPIC_WAIT    = 0x00010000,   // In-Progress) 30.702 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6008   LAPIC_VALID   = 0x00020000,   // Valid) 27.09 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6009 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6010   // [19:18] Destination Shorthand) 23.478 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6011   LAPIC_FIELD   = 0x00000000,   // No shorthand) 31.304 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6012   LAPIC_SELF    = 0x00040000,   // Self is single destination) 39.732 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6013   LAPIC_ALLINC  = 0x00080000,   // All including self) 34.916 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6014   LAPIC_ALLEXC  = 0x000C0000,   // All Excluding self) 34.916 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6015 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6016 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6017 enum {  // LAPIC_ESR) 15.05 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6018   LAPIC_SENDCS  = 0x00000001,     // Send CS Error) 33.11 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6019   LAPIC_RCVCS   = 0x00000002,     // Receive CS Error) 34.916 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6020   LAPIC_SENDACCEPT = 0x00000004,  // Send Accept Error) 35.518 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6021   LAPIC_RCVACCEPT = 0x00000008,   // Receive Accept Error) 37.324 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6022   LAPIC_SENDVECTOR = 0x00000020,  // Send Illegal Vector) 36.722 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6023   LAPIC_RCVVECTOR = 0x00000040,   // Receive Illegal Vector) 38.528 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6024   LAPIC_REGISTER = 0x00000080,    // Illegal Register Address) 39.732 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6025 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6026 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6027 enum {  // LAPIC_TIMER) 16.254 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6028   // [17] Timer Mode \(RW\)) 18.06 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6029   LAPIC_ONESHOT = 0x00000000,   // One-shot) 28.896 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6030   LAPIC_PERIODIC = 0x00020000,  // Periodic) 28.896 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6031 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6032   // [19:18] Timer Base \(RW\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6033   LAPIC_CLKIN   = 0x00000000,   // use CLKIN as input) 34.916 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6034   LAPIC_TMBASE  = 0x00040000,   // use TMBASE) 30.1 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6035   LAPIC_DIVIDER = 0x00080000,   // use output of the divider) 39.13 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6036 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6037 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6038 enum {  // LAPIC_TDCR) 15.652 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6039   LAPIC_X2 = 0x00000000,        // divide by 2) 30.702 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6040   LAPIC_X4 = 0x00000001,        // divide by 4) 30.702 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6041   LAPIC_X8 = 0x00000002,        // divide by 8) 30.702 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6042   LAPIC_X16 = 0x00000003,       // divide by 16) 31.304 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6043   LAPIC_X32 = 0x00000008,       // divide by 32) 31.304 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6044   LAPIC_X64 = 0x00000009,       // divide by 64) 31.304 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6045   LAPIC_X128 = 0x0000000A,      // divide by 128) 31.906 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6046   LAPIC_X1 = 0x0000000B,        // divide by 1) 30.702 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6047 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6048 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6049 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 60) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/kbd.h  Page 1) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6000 // PC keyboard interface constants) 170.372 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6001 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6002 #define KBSTATP         0x64    // kbd controller status p\
+ort\(I\)) 301.427 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6003 #define KBS_DIB         0x01    // kbd data in buffer) 253.374 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6004 #define KBDATAP         0x60    // kbd data port\(I\)) 244.637 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6005 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6006 #define NO              0) 131.055 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6007 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6008 #define SHIFT           \(1<<0\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6009 #define CTL             \(1<<1\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6010 #define ALT             \(1<<2\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6011 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6012 #define CAPSLOCK        \(1<<3\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6013 #define NUMLOCK         \(1<<4\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6014 #define SCROLLLOCK      \(1<<5\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6015 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6016 #define E0ESC           \(1<<6\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6017 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6018 // Special keycodes) 104.844 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6019 #define KEY_HOME        0xE0) 144.161 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6020 #define KEY_END         0xE1) 144.161 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6021 #define KEY_UP          0xE2) 144.161 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6022 #define KEY_DN          0xE3) 144.161 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6023 #define KEY_LF          0xE4) 144.161 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(6024 #define KEY_RT          0xE5) 144.161 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(6025 #define KEY_PGUP        0xE6) 144.161 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6026 #define KEY_PGDN        0xE7) 144.161 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6027 #define KEY_INS         0xE8) 144.161 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6028 #define KEY_DEL         0xE9) 144.161 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6029 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6030 // C\('A'\) == Control-A) 117.95 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6031 #define C\(x\) \(x - '@'\)) 117.95 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(6032 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(6033 static uchar shiftcode[256] =) 148.529 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(6034 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6035   [0x1D] CTL,) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6036   [0x2A] SHIFT,) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6037   [0x36] SHIFT,) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6038   [0x38] ALT,) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6039   [0x9D] CTL,) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(6040   [0xB8] ALT) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(6041 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(6042 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(6043 static uchar togglecode[256] =) 152.898 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(6044 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(6045   [0x3A] CAPSLOCK,) 100.476 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(6046   [0x45] NUMLOCK,) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(6047   [0x46] SCROLLLOCK) 104.844 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(6048 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(6049 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 60) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/lapic.c  Page 3) 22.876 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6050 uint *lapicaddr;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6051 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6052 static int) 9.03 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6053 lapic_read\(int r\)) 13.244 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6054 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6055   return *\(lapicaddr+\(r/sizeof\(*lapicaddr\)\)\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6056 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6057 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6058 static void) 9.632 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6059 lapic_write\(int r, int data\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6060 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6061   *\(lapicaddr+\(r/sizeof\(*lapicaddr\)\)\) = data;) 30.1 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6062 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6063 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6064 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6065 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6066 lapic_timerinit\(void\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6067 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6068   if\(!lapicaddr\)) 12.642 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6069     return;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6070 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6071   lapic_write\(LAPIC_TDCR, LAPIC_X1\);) 24.682 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6072   lapic_write\(LAPIC_TIMER, LAPIC_CLKIN | LAPIC_PERIODIC |) 37.324 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6073 ) 3.01 Tj
-8.42796 -34.0364 Td
-(\(IRQ_OFFSET + IRQ_TIMER\)\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6074   lapic_write\(LAPIC_TCCR, 10000000\);) 24.682 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6075   lapic_write\(LAPIC_TICR, 10000000\);) 24.682 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6076 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6077 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6078 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6079 lapic_timerintr\(void\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6080 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6081   if\(lapicaddr\)) 12.04 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6082     lapic_write\(LAPIC_EOI, 0\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6083 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6084 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6085 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6086 lapic_init\(int c\)) 13.244 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6087 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6088   uint r, lvt;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6089 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6090   if\(!lapicaddr\)) 12.642 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6091     return;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6092 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6093   lapic_write\(LAPIC_DFR, 0xFFFFFFFF\);    // Set dst format register) 43.344 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6094   r = \(lapic_read\(LAPIC_ID\)>>24\) & 0xFF; // Read APIC ID) 36.722 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6095   lapic_write\(LAPIC_LDR, \(1<<r\)<<24\);    // Set logical dst register to r) 46.956 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6096   lapic_write\(LAPIC_TPR, 0xFF\);          // No interrupts for now) 42.14 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6097 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6098   // Enable APIC) 12.642 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6099   lapic_write\(LAPIC_SVR, LAPIC_ENABLE|\(IRQ_OFFSET+IRQ_SPURIOUS\)\);) 42.14 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 60) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/kbd.h  Page 2) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6050 static uchar normalmap[256] =) 148.529 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6051 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6052   NO,   0x1B, '1',  '2',  '3',  '4',  '5',  '6',  // 0x00) 270.848 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6053   '7',  '8',  '9',  '0',  '-',  '=',  '\\b', '\\t',) 235.9 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6054   'q',  'w',  'e',  'r',  't',  'y',  'u',  'i',  // 0x10) 270.848 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6055   'o',  'p',  '[',  ']',  '\\n', NO,   'a',  's',) 231.531 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6056   'd',  'f',  'g',  'h',  'j',  'k',  'l',  ';',  // 0x20) 270.848 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6057   '\\'', '`',  NO,   '\\\\', 'z',  'x',  'c',  'v',) 231.531 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6058   'b',  'n',  'm',  ',',  '.',  '/',  NO,   '*',  // 0x30) 270.848 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6059   NO,   ' ',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,) 227.163 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6060   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   '7',  // 0x40) 270.848 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6061   '8',  '9',  '-',  '4',  '5',  '6',  '+',  '1',) 231.531 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6062   '2',  '3',  '0',  '.',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   // 0x50) 270.848 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6063   [0x9C] '\\n',      // KP_Enter) 157.267 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6064   [0xB5] '/',       // KP_Div) 148.529 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6065   [0xC8] KEY_UP,    [0xD0] KEY_DN,) 170.372 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6066   [0xC9] KEY_PGUP,  [0xD1] KEY_PGDN,) 179.109 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6067   [0xCB] KEY_LF,    [0xCD] KEY_RT,) 170.372 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6068   [0x97] KEY_HOME,  [0xCF] KEY_END,) 174.741 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6069   [0xD2] KEY_INS,   [0xD3] KEY_DEL) 170.372 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6070 };) 30.5796 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6071 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6072 static uchar shiftmap[256] =) 144.161 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6073 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(6074   NO,   033,  '!',  '@',  '#',  '$',  '%',  '^',  // 0x00) 270.848 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(6075   '&',  '*',  '\(',  '\)',  '_',  '+',  '\\b', '\\t',) 235.9 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6076   'Q',  'W',  'E',  'R',  'T',  'Y',  'U',  'I',  // 0x10) 270.848 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6077   'O',  'P',  '{',  '}',  '\\n', NO,   'A',  'S',) 231.531 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6078   'D',  'F',  'G',  'H',  'J',  'K',  'L',  ':',  // 0x20) 270.848 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6079   '"',  '~',  NO,   '|',  'Z',  'X',  'C',  'V',) 231.531 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6080   'B',  'N',  'M',  '<',  '>',  '?',  NO,   '*',  // 0x30) 270.848 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6081   NO,   ' ',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,) 227.163 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(6082   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   '7',  // 0x40) 270.848 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(6083   '8',  '9',  '-',  '4',  '5',  '6',  '+',  '1',) 231.531 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(6084   '2',  '3',  '0',  '.',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   // 0x50) 270.848 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6085   [0x9C] '\\n',      // KP_Enter) 157.267 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6086   [0xB5] '/',       // KP_Div) 148.529 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6087   [0xC8] KEY_UP,    [0xD0] KEY_DN,) 170.372 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6088   [0xC9] KEY_PGUP,  [0xD1] KEY_PGDN,) 179.109 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6089   [0xCB] KEY_LF,    [0xCD] KEY_RT,) 170.372 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
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+(6102   NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO\
+,      NO,) 318.902 Tj
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+,      NO,) 318.902 Tj
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-(6228 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6229 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6230 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6231 ioapic_init\(void\)) 13.244 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6232 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6233   struct ioapic *io;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6234   uint l, h;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6235   int nintr;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6236   uchar id;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6237   int i;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6238 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6239   if\(!ismp\)) 9.632 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6240     return;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6241 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6242   io = \(struct ioapic*\) IO_APIC_BASE;) 25.284 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6243   l = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_VER\);) 23.478 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6244   nintr =  \(\(l & IOART_VER_MAXREDIR\) >> MAXREDIRSHIFT\) + 1;) 38.528 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6245   id = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_ID\) >> APIC_ID_SHIFT;) 33.712 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6246   if\(id != ioapic_id\)) 15.652 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6247     cprintf\("ioapic_init: id isn't equal to ioapic_id; not a MP\\n"\);) 43.946 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6248   for\(i = 0; i < nintr; i++\) {) 21.07 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6249     // active-hi and edge-triggered for ISA interrupts) 35.518 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 62) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/console.c  Page 1) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6200 // Console input and output.) 144.161 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6201 // Input is from the keyboard only.) 174.741 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6202 // Output is written to the screen and the printer port.) 266.479 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6203 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6204 #include "types.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6205 #include "defs.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6206 #include "param.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6207 #include "traps.h") 100.476 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6208 #include "spinlock.h") 113.581 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6209 #include "dev.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6210 #include "mmu.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6211 #include "proc.h") 96.1073 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6212 #include "x86.h") 91.7388 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6213 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6214 #define CRTPORT 0x3d4) 113.581 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6215 #define LPTPORT 0x378) 113.581 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6216 #define BACKSPACE 0x100) 122.318 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6217 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6218 static ushort *crt = \(ushort*\)0xb8000;  // CGA memory) 253.374 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6219 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6220 static struct spinlock console_lock;) 179.109 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6221 int panicked = 0;) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6222 int use_console_lock = 0;) 131.055 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6223 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(6224 // Copy console output to parallel port, which you can tel\
+l) 279.585 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(6225 // .bochsrc to copy to the stdout:) 170.372 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6226 //   parport1: enabled=1, file="/dev/stdout") 214.057 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6227 static void) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6228 lpt_putc\(int c\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6229 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6230   int i;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6231 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(6232   for\(i = 0; !\(inb\(LPTPORT+1\) & 0x80\) && i < 12800; i\
+++\)) 266.479 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(6233     ;) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(6234   if\(c == BACKSPACE\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6235     c = '\\b';) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6236   outb\(LPTPORT+0, c\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6237   outb\(LPTPORT+2, 0x08|0x04|0x01\);) 170.372 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6238   outb\(LPTPORT+2, 0x08\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6239 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(6240 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(6241 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(6242 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(6243 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(6244 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(6245 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(6246 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(6247 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(6248 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(6249 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 62) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/ioapic.c  Page 2) 23.478 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6250     // Assume that pin 0 on the first I/O APIC is an ExtINT pin.) 41.538 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6251     // Assume that pins 1-15 are ISA interrupts) 31.304 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6252     l = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_LO\(i\)\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6253     l = l & ~IOART_INTMASK;  // allow INTs) 28.294 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6254     l |= IOART_INTMSET;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6255     l = l & ~IOART_INTPOL;   // active hi) 27.692 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6256     l = l & ~IOART_TRGRMOD;  // edgee triggered) 31.304 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6257     l = l & ~IOART_DELMOD;   // fixed) 25.284 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6258     l = l & ~IOART_DESTMOD;  // physical mode) 30.1 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6259     l = l | \(IRQ_OFFSET + i\); // vector) 26.488 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6260     ioapic_write\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_LO\(i\), l\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6261     h = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_HI\(i\)\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6262     h &= ~IOART_DEST;) 15.652 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6263     ioapic_write\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_HI\(i\), h\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6264   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6265 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6266 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6267 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6268 ioapic_enable \(int irq, int cpunum\)) 24.08 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6269 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6270   uint l, h;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6271   struct ioapic *io;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6272 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6273   if\(!ismp\)) 9.632 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6274     return;) 9.632 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6275 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6276   io = \(struct ioapic*\) IO_APIC_BASE;) 25.284 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6277   l = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_LO\(irq\)\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6278   l = l & ~IOART_INTMASK;  // allow INTs) 27.09 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6279   ioapic_write\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_LO\(irq\), l\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6280   h = ioapic_read\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_HI\(irq\)\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6281   h &= ~IOART_DEST;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6282   h |= \(cpunum << APIC_ID_SHIFT\);) 22.876 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6283   ioapic_write\(io, IOAPIC_REDTBL_HI\(irq\), h\);) 30.1 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6284 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6285 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6286 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6287 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6288 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6289 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6290 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6291 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6292 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6293 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6294 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6295 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6296 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6297 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6298 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6299 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 62) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/console.c  Page 2) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6250 static void) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6251 cga_putc\(int c\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6252 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6253   int pos;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6254 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6255   // Cursor position: col + 80*row.) 174.741 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6256   outb\(CRTPORT, 14\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6257   pos = inb\(CRTPORT+1\) << 8;) 144.161 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6258   outb\(CRTPORT, 15\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6259   pos |= inb\(CRTPORT+1\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6260 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6261   if\(c == '\\n'\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6262     pos += 80 - pos%80;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6263   else if\(c == BACKSPACE\){) 135.424 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6264     if\(pos > 0\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6265       crt[--pos] = ' ' | 0x0700;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6266   } else) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6267     crt[pos++] = \(c&0xff\) | 0x0700;  // black on white) 257.742 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6268 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6269   if\(\(pos/80\) >= 24\){  // Scroll up.) 179.109 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6270     memmove\(crt, crt+80, sizeof\(crt[0]\)*23*80\);) 227.163 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6271     pos -= 80;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6272     memset\(crt+pos, 0, sizeof\(crt[0]\)*\(24*80 - pos\)\)\
+;) 253.374 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6273   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(6274 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(6275   outb\(CRTPORT, 14\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6276   outb\(CRTPORT+1, pos>>8\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6277   outb\(CRTPORT, 15\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6278   outb\(CRTPORT+1, pos\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6279   crt[pos] = ' ' | 0x0700;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6280 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6281 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(6282 static void) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(6283 cons_putc\(int c\)) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(6284 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6285   if\(panicked\){) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6286     cli\(\);) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6287     for\(;;\)) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6288       ;) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6289   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(6290 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(6291   lpt_putc\(c\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(6292   cga_putc\(c\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(6293 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(6294 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(6295 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(6296 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(6297 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(6298 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(6299 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 62) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -19396,7 +20768,10 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%Page: 70 70
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
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 [] 0 d
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@@ -19404,241 +20779,253 @@ __tumble pdfStartPage
 0 J
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 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/picirq.c  Page 1) 23.478 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6300 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6301 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6302 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6303 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6304 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6305 // I/O Addresses of the two 8259A programmable interrupt controllers) 43.946 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6306 #define IO_PIC1         0x20    // Master \(IRQs 0-7\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6307 #define IO_PIC2         0xA0    // Slave \(IRQs 8-15\)) 34.314 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6308 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6309 #define IRQ_SLAVE       2       // IRQ at which slave connects to master) 46.354 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6310 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6311 // Current IRQ mask.) 15.05 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6312 // Initial IRQ mask has interrupt 2 enabled \(for slave 8259A\).) 40.334 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6313 static ushort irq_mask_8259A = 0xFFFF & ~\(1<<IRQ_SLAVE\);) 36.722 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6314 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6315 static void) 9.632 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6316 irq_setmask_8259A\(ushort mask\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6317 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6318   irq_mask_8259A = mask;) 17.458 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6319 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6320   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, \(char\)mask\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6321   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, \(char\)\(mask >> 8\)\);) 25.284 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6322 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6323 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6324 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6325 irq_enable\(int irq\)) 14.448 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6326 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6327   irq_setmask_8259A\(irq_mask_8259A & ~\(1<<irq\)\);) 31.906 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6328 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6329 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6330 // Initialize the 8259A interrupt controllers.) 30.702 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6331 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6332 pic_init\(void\)) 11.438 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6333 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6334   // mask all interrupts) 17.458 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6335   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, 0xFF\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6336   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, 0xFF\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6337 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6338   // Set up master \(8259A-1\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6339 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6340   // ICW1:  0001g0hi) 15.05 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6341   //    g:  0 = edge triggering, 1 = level triggering) 34.916 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6342   //    h:  0 = cascaded PICs, 1 = master only) 30.702 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6343   //    i:  0 = no ICW4, 1 = ICW4 required) 28.294 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6344   outb\(IO_PIC1, 0x11\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6345 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6346   // ICW2:  Vector offset) 18.06 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6347   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, IRQ_OFFSET\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6348 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6349 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 63) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/console.c  Page 3) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6300 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6301 printint\(int xx, int base, int sgn\)) 174.741 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6302 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6303   static char digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";) 214.057 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6304   char buf[16];) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6305   int i = 0, neg = 0;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6306   uint x;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6307 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6308   if\(sgn && xx < 0\){) 109.213 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6309     neg = 1;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6310     x = 0 - xx;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6311   } else {) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6312     x = xx;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6313   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6314 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6315   do{) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6316     buf[i++] = digits[x % base];) 161.635 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6317   }while\(\(x /= base\) != 0\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6318   if\(neg\)) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6319     buf[i++] = '-';) 104.844 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6320 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6321   while\(--i >= 0\)) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6322     cons_putc\(buf[i]\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6323 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(6324 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(6325 // Print to the console. only understands %d, %x, %p, %s.) 270.848 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6326 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6327 cprintf\(char *fmt, ...\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6328 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6329   int i, c, state, locking;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6330   uint *argp;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6331   char *s;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(6332 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(6333   locking = use_console_lock;) 148.529 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(6334   if\(locking\)) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6335     acquire\(&console_lock\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6336 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6337   argp = \(uint*\)\(void*\)&fmt + 1;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6338   state = 0;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6339   for\(i = 0; fmt[i]; i++\){) 135.424 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(6340     c = fmt[i] & 0xff;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(6341     switch\(state\){) 100.476 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(6342     case 0:) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(6343       if\(c == '%'\)) 100.476 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(6344         state = '%';) 109.213 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(6345       else) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(6346         cons_putc\(c\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(6347       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(6348 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(6349 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 63) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/picirq.c  Page 2) 23.478 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6350   // ICW3:  \(master PIC\) bit mask of IR lines connected to slaves) 42.14 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6351   //        \(slave PIC\) 3-bit # of slave's connection to master) 40.936 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6352   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, 1<<IRQ_SLAVE\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6353 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6354   // ICW4:  000nbmap) 15.05 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6355   //    n:  1 = special fully nested mode) 27.692 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6356   //    b:  1 = buffered mode) 20.468 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6357   //    m:  0 = slave PIC, 1 = master PIC) 27.692 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6358   //      \(ignored when b is 0, as the master/slave role) 36.722 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6359   //      can be hardwired\).) 19.866 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6360   //    a:  1 = Automatic EOI mode) 23.478 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6361   //    p:  0 = MCS-80/85 mode, 1 = intel x86 mode) 33.11 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6362   outb\(IO_PIC1+1, 0x3\);) 16.856 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6363 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6364   // Set up slave \(8259A-2\)) 19.264 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6365   outb\(IO_PIC2, 0x11\);                  // ICW1) 31.304 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6366   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, IRQ_OFFSET + 8\);      // ICW2) 31.304 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6367   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, IRQ_SLAVE\);           // ICW3) 31.304 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6368   // NB Automatic EOI mode doesn't tend to work on the slave.) 39.732 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6369   // Linux source code says it's "to be investigated".) 35.518 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6370   outb\(IO_PIC2+1, 0x3\);                 // ICW4) 31.304 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6371 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6372   // OCW3:  0ef01prs) 15.05 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6373   //   ef:  0x = NOP, 10 = clear specific mask, 11 = set specific mask) 45.15 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6374   //    p:  0 = no polling, 1 = polling mode) 29.498 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6375   //   rs:  0x = NOP, 10 = read IRR, 11 = read ISR) 33.11 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6376   outb\(IO_PIC1, 0x68\);             // clear specific mask) 37.324 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6377   outb\(IO_PIC1, 0x0a\);             // read IRR by default) 37.324 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6378 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6379   outb\(IO_PIC2, 0x68\);             // OCW3) 28.294 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6380   outb\(IO_PIC2, 0x0a\);             // OCW3) 28.294 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6381 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6382   if\(irq_mask_8259A != 0xFFFF\)) 21.07 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6383     irq_setmask_8259A\(irq_mask_8259A\);) 25.886 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6384 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6385 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6386 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6387 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6388 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6389 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6390 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6391 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6392 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6393 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6394 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6395 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6396 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6397 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6398 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6399 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 63) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/console.c  Page 4) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6350     case '%':) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6351       switch\(c\){) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6352       case 'd':) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6353         printint\(*argp++, 10, 1\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6354         break;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6355       case 'x':) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6356       case 'p':) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6357         printint\(*argp++, 16, 0\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6358         break;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6359       case 's':) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6360         s = \(char*\)*argp++;) 139.792 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6361         if\(s == 0\)) 100.476 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6362           s = "\(null\)";) 122.318 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6363         for\(; *s; s++\)) 117.95 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6364           cons_putc\(*s\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6365         break;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6366       case '%':) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6367         cons_putc\('%'\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6368         break;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6369       default:) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6370         // Print unknown % sequence to draw attention.) 257.742 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6371         cons_putc\('%'\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6372         cons_putc\(c\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6373         break;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(6374       }) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(6375       state = 0;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6376       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6377     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6378   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6379 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6380   if\(locking\)) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6381     release\(&console_lock\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(6382 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(6383 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(6384 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6385 console_write\(struct inode *ip, char *buf, int n\)) 235.9 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6386 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6387   int i;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6388 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6389   iunlock\(ip\);) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(6390   acquire\(&console_lock\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(6391   for\(i = 0; i < n; i++\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(6392     cons_putc\(buf[i] & 0xff\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(6393   release\(&console_lock\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(6394   ilock\(ip\);) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(6395 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(6396   return n;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(6397 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(6398 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(6399 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 63) 34.9481 Tj
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@@ -19650,6 +21037,9 @@ pdfEndPage
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
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 [] 0 d
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@@ -19657,241 +21047,255 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
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-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
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 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
-Q
-q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
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+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
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 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6400 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6401 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6402 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6403 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6404 #include "spinlock.h") 15.652 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6405 #include "dev.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6406 #include "param.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6407 #include "mmu.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6408 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6409 struct spinlock console_lock;) 20.468 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6410 int panicked = 0;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6411 int use_console_lock = 0;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6412 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6413 // Copy console output to parallel port, which you can tell) 38.528 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6414 // .bochsrc to copy to the stdout:) 23.478 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6415 //   parport1: enabled=1, file="/dev/stdout") 29.498 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6416 static void) 9.632 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6417 lpt_putc\(int c\)) 12.04 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6418 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6419   int i;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6420 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6421   for\(i = 0; !\(inb\(0x378+1\) & 0x80\) && i < 12800; i++\)) 35.518 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6422     ;) 6.02 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6423   outb\(0x378+0, c\);) 14.448 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6424   outb\(0x378+2, 0x08|0x04|0x01\);) 22.274 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6425   outb\(0x378+2, 0x08\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6426 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6427 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6428 static void) 9.632 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6429 cons_putc\(int c\)) 12.642 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6430 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6431   int crtport = 0x3d4; // io port of CGA) 27.09 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6432   ushort *crt = \(ushort*\) 0xB8000; // base of CGA memory) 36.722 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6433   int ind;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6434 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6435   if\(panicked\){) 12.04 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6436     cli\(\);) 9.03 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6437     for\(;;\)) 9.632 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6438       ;) 7.224 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6439   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6440 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6441   lpt_putc\(c\);) 11.438 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6442 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6443   // cursor position, 16 bits, col + 80*row) 28.896 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6444   outb\(crtport, 14\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6445   ind = inb\(crtport + 1\) << 8;) 21.07 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6446   outb\(crtport, 15\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6447   ind |= inb\(crtport + 1\);) 18.662 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6448 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6449   c &= 0xff;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 64) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/console.c  Page 5) 174.741 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6400 #define INPUT_BUF 128) 113.581 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6401 struct {) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6402   struct spinlock lock;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6403   char buf[INPUT_BUF];) 117.95 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6404   int r;  // Read index) 122.318 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6405   int w;  // Write index) 126.687 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6406   int e;  // Edit index) 122.318 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6407 } input;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6408 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6409 #define C\(x\)  \(\(x\)-'@'\)  // Control-x) 183.478 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6410 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6411 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6412 console_intr\(int \(*getc\)\(void\)\)) 157.267 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6413 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6414   int c;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6415 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6416   acquire\(&input.lock\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6417   while\(\(c = getc\(\)\) >= 0\){) 139.792 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6418     switch\(c\){) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6419     case C\('P'\):  // Process listing.) 183.478 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6420       procdump\(\);) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6421       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6422     case C\('U'\):  // Kill line.) 157.267 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6423       while\(input.e > input.w &&) 161.635 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(6424             input.buf[\(input.e-1\) % INPUT_BUF] != '\\n'\)\
+{) 266.479 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(6425         input.e--;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6426         cons_putc\(BACKSPACE\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6427       }) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6428       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6429     case C\('H'\):  // Backspace) 152.898 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6430       if\(input.e > input.w\){) 144.161 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6431         input.e--;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(6432         cons_putc\(BACKSPACE\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(6433       }) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(6434       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6435     default:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6436       if\(c != 0 && input.e < input.r+INPUT_BUF\){) 231.531 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6437         input.buf[input.e++] = c;) 166.004 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6438         cons_putc\(c\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6439         if\(c == '\\n' || c == C\('D'\) || input.e == inpu\
+t.r+INPUT_BUF\){) 323.27 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(6440           input.w = input.e;) 144.161 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(6441           wakeup\(&input.r\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(6442         }) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(6443       }) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(6444       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(6445     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(6446   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(6447   release\(&input.lock\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(6448 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(6449 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 64) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 2) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6450   if\(c == '\\n'\){) 12.642 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6451     ind -= \(ind % 80\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6452     ind += 80;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6453   } else {) 9.03 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6454     c |= 0x0700; // black on white) 23.478 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6455     crt[ind] = c;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6456     ind++;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6457   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6458 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6459   if\(\(ind / 80\) >= 24\){) 16.856 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6460     // scroll up) 12.642 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6461     memmove\(crt, crt + 80, sizeof\(crt[0]\) * \(23 * 80\)\);) 36.12 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6462     ind -= 80;) 11.438 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6463     memset\(crt + ind, 0, sizeof\(crt[0]\) * \(\(24 * 80\) - ind\)\);) 39.732 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6464   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6465 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6466   outb\(crtport, 14\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6467   outb\(crtport + 1, ind >> 8\);) 21.07 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6468   outb\(crtport, 15\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6469   outb\(crtport + 1, ind\);) 18.06 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6470 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6471 ) 3.01 Tj
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+(6550 // Intel 8253/8254/82C54 Programmable Interval Timer \(PIT\
+\).) 279.585 Tj
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+(6551 // Only used on uniprocessors;) 152.898 Tj
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+(6552 // SMP machines use the local APIC timer.) 200.952 Tj
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+rt) 275.216 Tj
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+B first) 305.796 Tj
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+IT\);) 288.322 Tj
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+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 73 73
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+(6618   jmp exit) 65.5277 Tj
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+(6620 # char init[] = "/init\\0";) 135.424 Tj
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-(6640   [0x3A] CAPSLOCK,) 13.846 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6641   [0x45] NUMLOCK,) 13.244 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6642   [0x46] SCROLLLOCK) 14.448 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6643 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6644 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6645 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6646 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6647 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6648 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6649 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 66) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sh.c  Page 2) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6800 int fork1\(void\);  // Fork but panics on failure.) 231.531 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6801 void panic\(char*\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6802 struct cmd *parsecmd\(char*\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6803 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6804 // Execute cmd.  Never returns.) 157.267 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6805 void) 39.3166 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6806 runcmd\(struct cmd *cmd\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6807 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6808   int p[2];) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6809   struct backcmd *bcmd;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6810   struct execcmd *ecmd;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6811   struct listcmd *lcmd;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6812   struct pipecmd *pcmd;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6813   struct redircmd *rcmd;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6814 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6815   if\(cmd == 0\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6816     exit\(\);) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6817 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6818   switch\(cmd->type\){) 109.213 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6819   default:) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6820     panic\("runcmd"\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6821 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6822   case EXEC:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6823     ecmd = \(struct execcmd*\)cmd;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(6824     if\(ecmd->argv[0] == 0\)) 135.424 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(6825       exit\(\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6826     exec\(ecmd->argv[0], ecmd->argv\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6827     printf\(2, "exec %s failed\\n", ecmd->argv[0]\);) 235.9 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6828     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6829 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6830   case REDIR:) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6831     rcmd = \(struct redircmd*\)cmd;) 166.004 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(6832     close\(rcmd->fd\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(6833     if\(open\(rcmd->file, rcmd->mode\) < 0\){) 200.952 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(6834       printf\(2, "open %s failed\\n", rcmd->file\);) 231.531 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6835       exit\(\);) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6836     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6837     runcmd\(rcmd->cmd\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6838     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6839 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(6840   case LIST:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(6841     lcmd = \(struct listcmd*\)cmd;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(6842     if\(fork1\(\) == 0\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(6843       runcmd\(lcmd->left\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(6844     wait\(\);) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(6845     runcmd\(lcmd->right\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(6846     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(6847 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(6848 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(6849 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 68) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 6) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6650 static uchar normalmap[256] =) 20.468 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6651 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6652   NO,   0x1B, '1',  '2',  '3',  '4',  '5',  '6',  // 0x00) 37.324 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6653   '7',  '8',  '9',  '0',  '-',  '=',  '\\b', '\\t',) 32.508 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6654   'q',  'w',  'e',  'r',  't',  'y',  'u',  'i',  // 0x10) 37.324 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6655   'o',  'p',  '[',  ']',  '\\n', NO,   'a',  's',) 31.906 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6656   'd',  'f',  'g',  'h',  'j',  'k',  'l',  ';',  // 0x20) 37.324 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6657   '\\'', '`',  NO,   '\\\\', 'z',  'x',  'c',  'v',) 31.906 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6658   'b',  'n',  'm',  ',',  '.',  '/',  NO,   '*',  // 0x30) 37.324 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6659   NO,   ' ',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,) 31.304 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6660   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   '7',  // 0x40) 37.324 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6661   '8',  '9',  '-',  '4',  '5',  '6',  '+',  '1',) 31.906 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6662   '2',  '3',  '0',  '.',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   // 0x50) 37.324 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6663   [0x97] KEY_HOME,) 13.846 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6664   [0x9C] '\\n',      // KP_Enter) 21.672 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6665   [0xB5] '/',       // KP_Div) 20.468 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6666   [0xC8] KEY_UP,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6667   [0xC9] KEY_PGUP,) 13.846 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6668   [0xCB] KEY_LF,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6669   [0xCD] KEY_RT,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6670   [0xCF] KEY_END,) 13.244 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6671   [0xD0] KEY_DN,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6672   [0xD1] KEY_PGDN,) 13.846 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6673   [0xD2] KEY_INS,) 13.244 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6674   [0xD3] KEY_DEL) 12.642 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6675 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6676 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6677 static uchar shiftmap[256] =) 19.866 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6678 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6679   NO,   033,  '!',  '@',  '#',  '$',  '%',  '^',  // 0x00) 37.324 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6680   '&',  '*',  '\(',  '\)',  '_',  '+',  '\\b', '\\t',) 32.508 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6681   'Q',  'W',  'E',  'R',  'T',  'Y',  'U',  'I',  // 0x10) 37.324 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6682   'O',  'P',  '{',  '}',  '\\n', NO,   'A',  'S',) 31.906 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6683   'D',  'F',  'G',  'H',  'J',  'K',  'L',  ':',  // 0x20) 37.324 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6684   '"',  '~',  NO,   '|',  'Z',  'X',  'C',  'V',) 31.906 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6685   'B',  'N',  'M',  '<',  '>',  '?',  NO,   '*',  // 0x30) 37.324 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6686   NO,   ' ',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,) 31.304 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6687   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   '7',  // 0x40) 37.324 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6688   '8',  '9',  '-',  '4',  '5',  '6',  '+',  '1',) 31.906 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6689   '2',  '3',  '0',  '.',  NO,   NO,   NO,   NO,   // 0x50) 37.324 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6690   [0x97] KEY_HOME,) 13.846 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6691   [0x9C] '\\n',      // KP_Enter) 21.672 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6692   [0xB5] '/',       // KP_Div) 20.468 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6693   [0xC8] KEY_UP,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6694   [0xC9] KEY_PGUP,) 13.846 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6695   [0xCB] KEY_LF,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6696   [0xCD] KEY_RT,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6697   [0xCF] KEY_END,) 13.244 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6698   [0xD0] KEY_DN,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6699   [0xD1] KEY_PGDN,) 13.846 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 66) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sh.c  Page 3) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6850   case PIPE:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6851     pcmd = \(struct pipecmd*\)cmd;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6852     if\(pipe\(p\) < 0\)) 104.844 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6853       panic\("pipe"\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6854     if\(fork1\(\) == 0\){) 113.581 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6855       close\(1\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6856       dup\(p[1]\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6857       close\(p[0]\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6858       close\(p[1]\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6859       runcmd\(pcmd->left\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6860     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6861     if\(fork1\(\) == 0\){) 113.581 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6862       close\(0\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6863       dup\(p[0]\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6864       close\(p[0]\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6865       close\(p[1]\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6866       runcmd\(pcmd->right\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6867     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6868     close\(p[0]\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6869     close\(p[1]\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6870     wait\(\);) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6871     wait\(\);) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6872     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6873 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(6874   case BACK:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(6875     bcmd = \(struct backcmd*\)cmd;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6876     if\(fork1\(\) == 0\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6877       runcmd\(bcmd->cmd\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6878     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6879   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6880   exit\(\);) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6881 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(6882 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(6883 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(6884 getcmd\(char *buf, int nbuf\)) 139.792 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6885 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6886   printf\(2, "$ "\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6887   memset\(buf, 0, nbuf\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6888   gets\(buf, nbuf\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6889   if\(buf[0] == 0\) // EOF) 126.687 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(6890     return -1;) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(6891   return 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(6892 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(6893 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(6894 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(6895 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(6896 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(6897 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(6898 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(6899 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 68) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -20405,10 +22379,13 @@ Q
 showpage
 %%PageTrailer
 pdfEndPage
-%%Page: 74 74
+%%Page: 76 76
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
-__tumble pdfStartPage
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
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@@ -20416,241 +22393,523 @@ __tumble pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
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+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sh.c  Page 4) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6900 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6901 main\(void\)) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6902 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6903   static char buf[100];) 122.318 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6904   int fd;) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6905 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6906   // Assumes three file descriptors open.) 200.952 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6907   while\(\(fd = open\("console", O_RDWR\)\) >= 0\){) 218.426 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6908     if\(fd >= 3\){) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6909       close\(fd\);) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6910       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6911     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6912   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6913 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6914   // Read and run input commands.) 166.004 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6915   while\(getcmd\(buf, sizeof\(buf\)\) >= 0\){) 192.215 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6916     if\(fork1\(\) == 0\)) 109.213 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6917       runcmd\(parsecmd\(buf\)\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6918     wait\(\);) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6919   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6920   exit\(\);) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6921 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6922 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6923 void) 39.3166 Tj
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+(6924 panic\(char *s\)) 83.0018 Tj
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+(6925 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6926   printf\(2, "%s\\n", s\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6927   exit\(\);) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6928 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6929 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6930 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6931 fork1\(void\)) 69.8962 Tj
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+(6933   int pid;) 65.5277 Tj
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+(6934 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6935   pid = fork\(\);) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6936   if\(pid == -1\)) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6937     panic\("fork"\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6938   return pid;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6939 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(6940 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(6941 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(6942 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(6943 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(6944 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(6945 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(6946 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(6947 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(6948 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(6949 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 69) 34.9481 Tj
+Q
 Q
 q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sh.c  Page 5) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(6950 // Constructors) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(6951 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(6952 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(6953 execcmd\(void\)) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(6954 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(6955   struct execcmd *cmd;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(6956 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(6957   cmd = malloc\(sizeof\(*cmd\)\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(6958   memset\(cmd, 0, sizeof\(*cmd\)\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(6959   cmd->type = EXEC;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(6960   return \(struct cmd*\)cmd;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(6961 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(6962 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(6963 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(6964 redircmd\(struct cmd *subcmd, char *file, char *efile, int\
+ mode, int fd\)) 332.007 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(6965 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(6966   struct redircmd *cmd;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(6967 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(6968   cmd = malloc\(sizeof\(*cmd\)\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(6969   memset\(cmd, 0, sizeof\(*cmd\)\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(6970   cmd->type = REDIR;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(6971   cmd->cmd = subcmd;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(6972   cmd->file = file;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(6973   cmd->efile = efile;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(6974   cmd->mode = mode;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(6975   cmd->fd = fd;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(6976   return \(struct cmd*\)cmd;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(6977 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(6978 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(6979 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(6980 pipecmd\(struct cmd *left, struct cmd *right\)) 214.057 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(6981 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(6982   struct pipecmd *cmd;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(6983 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(6984   cmd = malloc\(sizeof\(*cmd\)\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(6985   memset\(cmd, 0, sizeof\(*cmd\)\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(6986   cmd->type = PIPE;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(6987   cmd->left = left;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(6988   cmd->right = right;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(6989   return \(struct cmd*\)cmd;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(6990 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(6991 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(6992 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(6993 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(6994 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(6995 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(6996 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(6997 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(6998 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(6999 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 69) 34.9481 Tj
+Q
+Q
+Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 77 77
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
+q
+q
+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
+q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 7) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6700   [0xD2] KEY_INS,) 13.244 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6701   [0xD3] KEY_DEL) 12.642 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6702 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6703 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6704 #define C\(x\) \(x - '@'\)) 16.254 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6705 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6706 static uchar ctlmap[256] =) 18.662 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6707 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6708   NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,) 43.946 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6709   NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,      NO,) 43.946 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6710   C\('Q'\),  C\('W'\),  C\('E'\),  C\('R'\),  C\('T'\),  C\('Y'\),  C\('U'\),  C\('I'\),) 46.354 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6711   C\('O'\),  C\('P'\),  NO,      NO,      '\\r',    NO,      C\('A'\),  C\('S'\),) 46.354 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6712   C\('D'\),  C\('F'\),  C\('G'\),  C\('H'\),  C\('J'\),  C\('K'\),  C\('L'\),  NO,) 43.946 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6713   NO,      NO,      NO,      C\('\\\\'\), C\('Z'\),  C\('X'\),  C\('C'\),  C\('V'\),) 46.354 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6714   C\('B'\),  C\('N'\),  C\('M'\),  NO,      NO,      C\('/'\),  NO,      NO,) 43.946 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6715   [0x97] KEY_HOME,) 13.846 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6716   [0xB5] C\('/'\),    // KP_Div) 20.468 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6717   [0xC8] KEY_UP,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6718   [0xC9] KEY_PGUP,) 13.846 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6719   [0xCB] KEY_LF,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6720   [0xCD] KEY_RT,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6721   [0xCF] KEY_END,) 13.244 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6722   [0xD0] KEY_DN,) 12.642 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6723   [0xD1] KEY_PGDN,) 13.846 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6724   [0xD2] KEY_INS,) 13.244 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6725   [0xD3] KEY_DEL) 12.642 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6726 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6727 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6728 static uchar *charcode[4] = {) 20.468 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6729   normalmap,) 10.234 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6730   shiftmap,) 9.632 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6731   ctlmap,) 8.428 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6732   ctlmap) 7.826 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6733 };) 4.214 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6734 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6735 #define KBD_BUF 64) 13.846 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6736 char kbd_buf[KBD_BUF];) 16.254 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6737 int kbd_r;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6738 int kbd_w;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6739 struct spinlock kbd_lock;) 18.06 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6740 static uint shift;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6741 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6742 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6743 kbd_intr\(\)) 9.03 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6744 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6745   uint st, data, c;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6746 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6747   acquire\(&kbd_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6748 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6749 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 67) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sh.c  Page 6) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(7000 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(7001 listcmd\(struct cmd *left, struct cmd *right\)) 214.057 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(7002 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(7003   struct listcmd *cmd;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(7004 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(7005   cmd = malloc\(sizeof\(*cmd\)\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(7006   memset\(cmd, 0, sizeof\(*cmd\)\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(7007   cmd->type = LIST;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(7008   cmd->left = left;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(7009   cmd->right = right;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(7010   return \(struct cmd*\)cmd;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(7011 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(7012 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(7013 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(7014 backcmd\(struct cmd *subcmd\)) 139.792 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(7015 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(7016   struct backcmd *cmd;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(7017 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(7018   cmd = malloc\(sizeof\(*cmd\)\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(7019   memset\(cmd, 0, sizeof\(*cmd\)\);) 157.267 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(7020   cmd->type = BACK;) 104.844 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(7021   cmd->cmd = subcmd;) 109.213 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(7022   return \(struct cmd*\)cmd;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(7023 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(7024 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(7025 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(7026 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(7027 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(7028 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(7029 ) 21.8426 Tj
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+(7030 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(7031 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(7032 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(7033 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(7034 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(7035 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(7036 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(7037 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(7038 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(7039 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(7040 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(7041 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(7042 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(7043 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(7044 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(7045 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(7046 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(7047 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(7048 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(7049 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 70) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 8) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6750   st = inb\(KBSTATP\);) 15.05 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6751   if\(\(st & KBS_DIB\) == 0\)) 18.06 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6752     goto out;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6753   data = inb\(KBDATAP\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6754 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6755   if\(data == 0xE0\) {) 15.05 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6756     shift |= E0ESC;) 14.448 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6757     goto out;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6758   } else if\(data & 0x80\) {) 18.662 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6759     // Key released) 14.448 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6760     data = \(shift & E0ESC ? data : data & 0x7F\);) 31.906 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6761     shift &= ~\(shiftcode[data] | E0ESC\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6762     goto out;) 10.836 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6763   } else if\(shift & E0ESC\) {) 19.866 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6764     // Last character was an E0 escape; or with 0x80) 34.314 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6765     data |= 0x80;) 13.244 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6766     shift &= ~E0ESC;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6767   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6768 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6769   shift |= shiftcode[data];) 19.264 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6770   shift ^= togglecode[data];) 19.866 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6771 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6772   c = charcode[shift & \(CTL | SHIFT\)][data];) 29.498 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6773   if\(shift & CAPSLOCK\) {) 17.458 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6774     if\('a' <= c && c <= 'z'\)) 19.866 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6775       c += 'A' - 'a';) 15.652 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6776     else if\('A' <= c && c <= 'Z'\)) 22.876 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6777       c += 'a' - 'A';) 15.652 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6778   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6779 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6780   switch\(c\){) 10.234 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6781   case 0:) 8.428 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6782     // Ignore unknown keystrokes.) 22.876 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6783     break;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6784 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6785   case C\('T'\):) 11.438 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6786     cprintf\("#"\);  // Let user know we're still alive.) 35.518 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6787     break;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6788 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6789   case C\('P'\):) 11.438 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6790     procdump\(\);) 12.04 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6791     break;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6792 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6793   default:) 9.03 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6794     if\(\(\(kbd_w + 1\) % KBD_BUF\) != kbd_r\){) 27.692 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6795       kbd_buf[kbd_w++] = c;) 19.264 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6796       if\(kbd_w >= KBD_BUF\)) 18.662 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6797         kbd_w = 0;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6798       wakeup\(&kbd_r\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6799     }) 6.02 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 67) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sh.c  Page 7) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(7050 // Parsing) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(7051 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(7052 char whitespace[] = " \\t\\r\\n\\v";) 161.635 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(7053 char symbols[] = "<|>&;\(\)";) 139.792 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(7054 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(7055 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(7056 gettoken\(char **ps, char *es, char **q, char **eq\)) 240.268 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(7057 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(7058   char *s;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(7059   int ret;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(7060 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(7061   s = *ps;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(7062   while\(s < es && strchr\(whitespace, *s\)\)) 200.952 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(7063     s++;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(7064   if\(q\)) 52.4222 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(7065     *q = s;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(7066   ret = *s;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(7067   switch\(*s\){) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(7068   case 0:) 61.1592 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(7069     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(7070   case '|':) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(7071   case '\(':) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(7072   case '\)':) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(7073   case ';':) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(7074   case '&':) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(7075   case '<':) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(7076     s++;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(7077     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(7078   case '>':) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(7079     s++;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(7080     if\(*s == '>'\){) 100.476 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(7081       ret = '+';) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(7082       s++;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(7083     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(7084     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(7085   default:) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(7086     ret = 'a';) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(7087     while\(s < es && !strchr\(whitespace, *s\) && !strchr\(\
+symbols, *s\)\)) 318.902 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(7088       s++;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(7089     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(7090   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(7091   if\(eq\)) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(7092     *eq = s;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(7093 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(7094   while\(s < es && strchr\(whitespace, *s\)\)) 200.952 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(7095     s++;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(7096   *ps = s;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(7097   return ret;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(7098 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(7099 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 70) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -20658,10 +22917,13 @@ Q
 showpage
 %%PageTrailer
 pdfEndPage
-%%Page: 75 75
+%%Page: 78 78
 %%BeginPageSetup
 %%PageOrientation: Landscape
 pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
 %%EndPageSetup
 [] 0 d
 1 i
@@ -20669,241 +22931,521 @@ pdfStartPage
 0 J
 10 M
 1 w
-0 g
-0 G
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
 q
 q
 [0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
+180 3960 5760 3460 re
+W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sh.c  Page 8) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(7100 int) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(7101 peek\(char **ps, char *es, char *toks\)) 183.478 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(7102 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(7103   char *s;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(7104 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(7105   s = *ps;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(7106   while\(s < es && strchr\(whitespace, *s\)\)) 200.952 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(7107     s++;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(7108   *ps = s;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(7109   return *s && strchr\(toks, *s\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(7110 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(7111 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(7112 struct cmd *parseline\(char**, char*\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(7113 struct cmd *parsepipe\(char**, char*\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(7114 struct cmd *parseexec\(char**, char*\);) 183.478 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(7115 struct cmd *nulterminate\(struct cmd*\);) 187.846 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(7116 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(7117 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(7118 parsecmd\(char *s\)) 96.1073 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(7119 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(7120   char *es;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(7121   struct cmd *cmd;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(7122 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(7123   es = s + strlen\(s\);) 113.581 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(7124   cmd = parseline\(&s, es\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(7125   peek\(&s, es, ""\);) 104.844 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(7126   if\(s != es\){) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(7127     printf\(2, "leftovers: %s\\n", s\);) 179.109 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(7128     panic\("syntax"\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(7129   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(7130   nulterminate\(cmd\);) 109.213 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(7131   return cmd;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(7132 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(7133 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(7134 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(7135 parseline\(char **ps, char *es\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(7136 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(7137   struct cmd *cmd;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(7138 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(7139   cmd = parsepipe\(ps, es\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(7140   while\(peek\(ps, es, "&"\)\){) 139.792 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(7141     gettoken\(ps, es, 0, 0\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(7142     cmd = backcmd\(cmd\);) 122.318 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(7143   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(7144   if\(peek\(ps, es, ";"\)\){) 126.687 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(7145     gettoken\(ps, es, 0, 0\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(7146     cmd = listcmd\(cmd, parseline\(ps, es\)\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(7147   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(7148   return cmd;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(7149 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 71) 34.9481 Tj
+Q
+Q
+q
+180 500 5760 3460 re
+W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+q
+[10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
+[1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
+0 0 Td
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sh.c  Page 9) 152.898 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(7150 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(7151 parsepipe\(char **ps, char *es\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(7152 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(7153   struct cmd *cmd;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(7154 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(7155   cmd = parseexec\(ps, es\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(7156   if\(peek\(ps, es, "|"\)\){) 126.687 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(7157     gettoken\(ps, es, 0, 0\);) 139.792 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(7158     cmd = pipecmd\(cmd, parsepipe\(ps, es\)\);) 205.32 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(7159   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(7160   return cmd;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(7161 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(7162 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(7163 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(7164 parseredirs\(struct cmd *cmd, char **ps, char *es\)) 235.9 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(7165 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(7166   int tok;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(7167   char *q, *eq;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(7168 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(7169   while\(peek\(ps, es, "<>"\)\){) 144.161 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(7170     tok = gettoken\(ps, es, 0, 0\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(7171     if\(gettoken\(ps, es, &q, &eq\) != 'a'\)) 196.583 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(7172       panic\("missing file for redirection"\);) 214.057 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(7173     switch\(tok\){) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(7174     case '<':) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(7175       cmd = redircmd\(cmd, q, eq, O_RDONLY, 0\);) 222.794 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(7176       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(7177     case '>':) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(7178       cmd = redircmd\(cmd, q, eq, O_WRONLY|O_CREATE, 1\);) 262.111 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(7179       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(7180     case '+':  // >>) 109.213 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(7181       cmd = redircmd\(cmd, q, eq, O_WRONLY|O_CREATE, 1\);) 262.111 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(7182       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(7183     }) 43.6851 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(7184   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(7185   return cmd;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(7186 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(7187 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(7188 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(7189 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(7190 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(7191 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(7192 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(7193 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(7194 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(7195 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(7196 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(7197 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(7198 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(7199 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 71) 34.9481 Tj
+Q
+Q
 Q
+Q
+showpage
+%%PageTrailer
+pdfEndPage
+%%Page: 79 79
+%%BeginPageSetup
+%%PageOrientation: Landscape
+pdfStartPage
+180 rotate
+-612 -792 translate
+0 0 612 792 re W
+%%EndPageSetup
+[] 0 d
+1 i
+0 j
+0 J
+10 M
+1 w
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+false op
+false OP
+0 0 612 792 re
+W
+q
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+[0.1 0 0 0.1 0 0] cm
 q
 180 3960 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 738.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/console.c  Page 9) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6800     break;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6801   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6802 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6803 out:) 5.418 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6804   release\(&kbd_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6805 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6806 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6807 int) 4.816 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6808 console_read\(int minor, char *dst, int n\)) 27.692 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6809 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6810   uint target = n;) 13.846 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6811 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6812   acquire\(&kbd_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6813 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6814   while\(kbd_w == kbd_r\) {) 18.06 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6815     sleep\(&kbd_r, &kbd_lock\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6816   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6817 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6818   while\(n > 0 && kbd_w != kbd_r\){) 22.876 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6819     *dst = \(kbd_buf[kbd_r]\) & 0xff;) 24.08 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6820     cons_putc\(*dst & 0xff\);) 19.264 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6821     dst++;) 9.03 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6822     --n;) 7.826 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6823     kbd_r++;) 10.234 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6824     if\(kbd_r >= KBD_BUF\)) 17.458 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6825       kbd_r = 0;) 12.642 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6826   }) 4.816 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6827 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6828   release\(&kbd_lock\);) 15.652 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6829 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6830   return target - n;) 15.05 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6831 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6832 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6833 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6834 console_init\(\)) 11.438 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6835 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6836   initlock\(&console_lock, "console"\);) 25.284 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6837   initlock\(&kbd_lock, "kbd"\);) 20.468 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6838 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6839   devsw[CONSOLE].write = console_write;) 26.488 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6840   devsw[CONSOLE].read = console_read;) 25.284 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6841 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6842   irq_enable\(IRQ_KBD\);) 16.254 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6843   ioapic_enable\(IRQ_KBD, 0\);) 19.866 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6844 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6845   use_console_lock = 1;) 16.856 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6846 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6847 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6848 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6849 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 68) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 738.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sh.c  Page 10) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(7200 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(7201 parseblock\(char **ps, char *es\)) 157.267 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(7202 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(7203   struct cmd *cmd;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(7204 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(7205   if\(!peek\(ps, es, "\("\)\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(7206     panic\("parseblock"\);) 126.687 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(7207   gettoken\(ps, es, 0, 0\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(7208   cmd = parseline\(ps, es\);) 135.424 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(7209   if\(!peek\(ps, es, "\)"\)\)) 126.687 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(7210     panic\("syntax - missing \)"\);) 161.635 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(7211   gettoken\(ps, es, 0, 0\);) 131.055 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(7212   cmd = parseredirs\(cmd, ps, es\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(7213   return cmd;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(7214 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(7215 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(7216 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(7217 parseexec\(char **ps, char *es\)) 152.898 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(7218 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(7219   char *q, *eq;) 87.3703 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(7220   int tok, argc;) 91.7388 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(7221   struct execcmd *cmd;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(7222   struct cmd *ret;) 100.476 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(7223 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(7224   if\(peek\(ps, es, "\("\)\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(7225     return parseblock\(ps, es\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(7226 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(7227   ret = execcmd\(\);) 100.476 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(7228   cmd = \(struct execcmd*\)ret;) 148.529 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(7229 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(7230   argc = 0;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(7231   ret = parseredirs\(ret, ps, es\);) 166.004 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(7232   while\(!peek\(ps, es, "|\)&;"\)\){) 157.267 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(7233     if\(\(tok=gettoken\(ps, es, &q, &eq\)\) == 0\)) 214.057 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(7234       break;) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(7235     if\(tok != 'a'\)) 100.476 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(7236       panic\("syntax"\);) 117.95 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(7237     cmd->argv[argc] = q;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(7238     cmd->eargv[argc] = eq;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(7239     argc++;) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(7240     if\(argc >= MAXARGS\)) 122.318 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(7241       panic\("too many args"\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(7242     ret = parseredirs\(ret, ps, es\);) 174.741 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(7243   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(7244   cmd->argv[argc] = 0;) 117.95 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(7245   cmd->eargv[argc] = 0;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(7246   return ret;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(7247 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(7248 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(7249 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 72) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 q
 180 500 5760 3460 re
 W
+/DeviceGray {} CS
+[0] SC
+/DeviceGray {} cs
+[0] sc
 q
 [10 0 0 10 0 0] cm
 [1 0 0 1 0 0] Tm
 0 0 Td
-[0 -7.0183 7.25185 0 564.72 392.865] Tm
-0 0 Td
-/F10_0 1 Tf
-(Sep  8 11:37 2006  xv6/8253pit.c  Page 1) 24.08 Tj
-0 -3.92728 Td
-(6850 #include "types.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -5.23637 Td
-(6851 #include "x86.h") 12.642 Tj
-0 -6.54546 Td
-(6852 #include "defs.h") 13.244 Tj
-0 -7.85455 Td
-(6853 #include "traps.h") 13.846 Tj
-0 -9.16364 Td
-(6854 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -10.4727 Td
-(6855 // Register definitions for the Intel) 25.284 Tj
-0 -11.7818 Td
-(6856 // 8253/8254/82C54 Programmable Interval Timer \(PIT\).) 34.916 Tj
-0 -13.0909 Td
-(6857 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -14.4 Td
-(6858 #define IO_TIMER1       0x040           // 8253 Timer #1) 36.722 Tj
-0 -15.7091 Td
-(6859 #define IO_TIMER2       0x048           // 8253 Timer #2 \(EISA only\)) 43.946 Tj
-0 -17.0182 Td
-(6860 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -18.3273 Td
-(6861 // Frequency of all three count-down timers; \(TIMER_FREQ/freq\) is the) 44.548 Tj
-0 -19.6364 Td
-(6862 // appropriate count to generate a frequency of freq hz.) 36.722 Tj
-0 -20.9455 Td
-(6863 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -22.2545 Td
-(6864 #define TIMER_FREQ      1193182) 21.672 Tj
-0 -23.5636 Td
-(6865 #define TIMER_DIV\(x\)    \(\(TIMER_FREQ+\(x\)/2\)/\(x\)\)) 31.906 Tj
-0 -24.8727 Td
-(6866 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -26.1818 Td
-(6867 #define TIMER_CNTR0     \(IO_TIMER1 + 0\) // timer 0 counter port) 40.936 Tj
-0 -27.4909 Td
-(6868 #define TIMER_CNTR1     \(IO_TIMER1 + 1\) // timer 1 counter port) 40.936 Tj
-0 -28.8 Td
-(6869 #define TIMER_CNTR2     \(IO_TIMER1 + 2\) // timer 2 counter port) 40.936 Tj
-0 -30.1091 Td
-(6870 #define TIMER_MODE      \(IO_TIMER1 + 3\) // timer mode port) 37.926 Tj
-0 -31.4182 Td
-(6871 #define TIMER_SEL0      0x00    // select counter 0) 33.712 Tj
-0 -32.7273 Td
-(6872 #define TIMER_SEL1      0x40    // select counter 1) 33.712 Tj
-0 -34.0364 Td
-(6873 #define TIMER_SEL2      0x80    // select counter 2) 33.712 Tj
-0 -35.3454 Td
-(6874 #define TIMER_INTTC     0x00    // mode 0, intr on terminal cnt) 40.936 Tj
-0 -36.6545 Td
-(6875 #define TIMER_ONESHOT   0x02    // mode 1, one shot) 33.712 Tj
-0 -37.9636 Td
-(6876 #define TIMER_RATEGEN   0x04    // mode 2, rate generator) 37.324 Tj
-0 -39.2727 Td
-(6877 #define TIMER_SQWAVE    0x06    // mode 3, square wave) 35.518 Tj
-0 -40.5818 Td
-(6878 #define TIMER_SWSTROBE  0x08    // mode 4, s/w triggered strobe) 40.936 Tj
-0 -41.8909 Td
-(6879 #define TIMER_HWSTROBE  0x0a    // mode 5, h/w triggered strobe) 40.936 Tj
-0 -43.2 Td
-(6880 #define TIMER_LATCH     0x00    // latch counter for reading) 39.13 Tj
-0 -44.5091 Td
-(6881 #define TIMER_LSB       0x10    // r/w counter LSB) 33.11 Tj
-0 -45.8182 Td
-(6882 #define TIMER_MSB       0x20    // r/w counter MSB) 33.11 Tj
-0 -47.1272 Td
-(6883 #define TIMER_16BIT     0x30    // r/w counter 16 bits, LSB first) 42.14 Tj
-0 -48.4363 Td
-(6884 #define TIMER_BCD       0x01    // count in BCD) 31.304 Tj
-0 -49.7454 Td
-(6885 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -51.0545 Td
-(6886 void) 5.418 Tj
-0 -52.3636 Td
-(6887 pit8253_timerinit\(void\)) 16.856 Tj
-0 -53.6727 Td
-(6888 {) 3.612 Tj
-0 -54.9818 Td
-(6889   // initialize 8253 clock to interrupt 100 times/sec) 34.916 Tj
-0 -56.2909 Td
-(6890   outb\(TIMER_MODE, TIMER_SEL0 | TIMER_RATEGEN | TIMER_16BIT\);) 39.732 Tj
-0 -57.6 Td
-(6891   outb\(IO_TIMER1, TIMER_DIV\(100\) % 256\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -58.9091 Td
-(6892   outb\(IO_TIMER1, TIMER_DIV\(100\) / 256\);) 27.09 Tj
-0 -60.2181 Td
-(6893   irq_enable\(IRQ_TIMER\);) 17.458 Tj
-0 -61.5272 Td
-(6894 }) 3.612 Tj
-0 -62.8363 Td
-(6895 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -64.1454 Td
-(6896 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -65.4545 Td
-(6897 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -66.7636 Td
-(6898 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -68.0727 Td
-(6899 ) 3.01 Tj
-0 -72 Td
-(Sheet 68) 4.816 Tj
+[0 -0.967854 1 0 564.72 392.864] Tm
+0 0 Td
+/F9_0 8.70222 Tf
+(Aug 30 10:08 2007  xv6/sh.c  Page 11) 157.267 Tj
+0 -28.4801 Td
+(7250 // NUL-terminate all the counted strings.) 200.952 Tj
+0 -37.9735 Td
+(7251 struct cmd*) 69.8962 Tj
+0 -47.4668 Td
+(7252 nulterminate\(struct cmd *cmd\)) 148.529 Tj
+0 -56.9602 Td
+(7253 {) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -66.4535 Td
+(7254   int i;) 56.7907 Tj
+0 -75.9469 Td
+(7255   struct backcmd *bcmd;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -85.4403 Td
+(7256   struct execcmd *ecmd;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -94.9336 Td
+(7257   struct listcmd *lcmd;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -104.427 Td
+(7258   struct pipecmd *pcmd;) 122.318 Tj
+0 -113.92 Td
+(7259   struct redircmd *rcmd;) 126.687 Tj
+0 -123.414 Td
+(7260 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -132.907 Td
+(7261   if\(cmd == 0\)) 83.0018 Tj
+0 -142.4 Td
+(7262     return 0;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -151.894 Td
+(7263 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -161.387 Td
+(7264   switch\(cmd->type\){) 109.213 Tj
+0 -170.88 Td
+(7265   case EXEC:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -180.374 Td
+(7266     ecmd = \(struct execcmd*\)cmd;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -189.867 Td
+(7267     for\(i=0; ecmd->argv[i]; i++\)) 161.635 Tj
+0 -199.361 Td
+(7268       *ecmd->eargv[i] = 0;) 135.424 Tj
+0 -208.854 Td
+(7269     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -218.347 Td
+(7270 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -227.841 Td
+(7271   case REDIR:) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -237.334 Td
+(7272     rcmd = \(struct redircmd*\)cmd;) 166.004 Tj
+0 -246.827 Td
+(7273     nulterminate\(rcmd->cmd\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -256.321 Td
+(7274     *rcmd->efile = 0;) 113.581 Tj
+0 -265.814 Td
+(7275     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -275.307 Td
+(7276 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -284.801 Td
+(7277   case PIPE:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -294.294 Td
+(7278     pcmd = \(struct pipecmd*\)cmd;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -303.788 Td
+(7279     nulterminate\(pcmd->left\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -313.281 Td
+(7280     nulterminate\(pcmd->right\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -322.774 Td
+(7281     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -332.268 Td
+(7282 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -341.761 Td
+(7283   case LIST:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -351.254 Td
+(7284     lcmd = \(struct listcmd*\)cmd;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -360.748 Td
+(7285     nulterminate\(lcmd->left\);) 148.529 Tj
+0 -370.241 Td
+(7286     nulterminate\(lcmd->right\);) 152.898 Tj
+0 -379.734 Td
+(7287     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -389.228 Td
+(7288 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -398.721 Td
+(7289   case BACK:) 74.2647 Tj
+0 -408.214 Td
+(7290     bcmd = \(struct backcmd*\)cmd;) 161.635 Tj
+0 -417.708 Td
+(7291     nulterminate\(bcmd->cmd\);) 144.161 Tj
+0 -427.201 Td
+(7292     break;) 65.5277 Tj
+0 -436.695 Td
+(7293   }) 34.9481 Tj
+0 -446.188 Td
+(7294   return cmd;) 78.6333 Tj
+0 -455.681 Td
+(7295 }) 26.2111 Tj
+0 -465.175 Td
+(7296 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -474.668 Td
+(7297 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -484.161 Td
+(7298 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -493.655 Td
+(7299 ) 21.8426 Tj
+0 -522.135 Td
+(Sheet 72) 34.9481 Tj
 Q
 Q
 Q
@@ -20914,5 +23456,5 @@ pdfEndPage
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