separate source into kernel/ user/ mkfs/

1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1789 deletions

diff --git a/usertests.c b/usertests.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 292319e..0000000
--- a/usertests.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1789 +0,0 @@
-#include "param.h"
-#include "types.h"
-#include "stat.h"
-#include "user.h"
-#include "fs.h"
-#include "fcntl.h"
-#include "syscall.h"
-#include "memlayout.h"
-
-char buf[8192];
-char name[3];
-char *echoargv[] = { "echo", "ALL", "TESTS", "PASSED", 0 };
-int stdout = 1;
-
-// does chdir() call iput(p->cwd) in a transaction?
-void
-iputtest(void)
-{
-  printf(stdout, "iput test\n");
-
-  if(mkdir("iputdir") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "mkdir failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(chdir("iputdir") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "chdir iputdir failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("../iputdir") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "unlink ../iputdir failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(chdir("/") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "chdir / failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  printf(stdout, "iput test ok\n");
-}
-
-// does exit() call iput(p->cwd) in a transaction?
-void
-exitiputtest(void)
-{
-  int pid;
-
-  printf(stdout, "exitiput test\n");
-
-  pid = fork();
-  if(pid < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "fork failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(pid == 0){
-    if(mkdir("iputdir") < 0){
-      printf(stdout, "mkdir failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    if(chdir("iputdir") < 0){
-      printf(stdout, "child chdir failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    if(unlink("../iputdir") < 0){
-      printf(stdout, "unlink ../iputdir failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    exit();
-  }
-  wait();
-  printf(stdout, "exitiput test ok\n");
-}
-
-// does the error path in open() for attempt to write a
-// directory call iput() in a transaction?
-// needs a hacked kernel that pauses just after the namei()
-// call in sys_open():
-//    if((ip = namei(path)) == 0)
-//      return -1;
-//    {
-//      int i;
-//      for(i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
-//        yield();
-//    }
-void
-openiputtest(void)
-{
-  int pid;
-
-  printf(stdout, "openiput test\n");
-  if(mkdir("oidir") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "mkdir oidir failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  pid = fork();
-  if(pid < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "fork failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(pid == 0){
-    int fd = open("oidir", O_RDWR);
-    if(fd >= 0){
-      printf(stdout, "open directory for write succeeded\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    exit();
-  }
-  sleep(1);
-  if(unlink("oidir") != 0){
-    printf(stdout, "unlink failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  wait();
-  printf(stdout, "openiput test ok\n");
-}
-
-// simple file system tests
-
-void
-opentest(void)
-{
-  int fd;
-
-  printf(stdout, "open test\n");
-  fd = open("echo", 0);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "open echo failed!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-  fd = open("doesnotexist", 0);
-  if(fd >= 0){
-    printf(stdout, "open doesnotexist succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  printf(stdout, "open test ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-writetest(void)
-{
-  int fd;
-  int i;
-
-  printf(stdout, "small file test\n");
-  fd = open("small", O_CREATE|O_RDWR);
-  if(fd >= 0){
-    printf(stdout, "creat small succeeded; ok\n");
-  } else {
-    printf(stdout, "error: creat small failed!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  for(i = 0; i < 100; i++){
-    if(write(fd, "aaaaaaaaaa", 10) != 10){
-      printf(stdout, "error: write aa %d new file failed\n", i);
-      exit();
-    }
-    if(write(fd, "bbbbbbbbbb", 10) != 10){
-      printf(stdout, "error: write bb %d new file failed\n", i);
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-  printf(stdout, "writes ok\n");
-  close(fd);
-  fd = open("small", O_RDONLY);
-  if(fd >= 0){
-    printf(stdout, "open small succeeded ok\n");
-  } else {
-    printf(stdout, "error: open small failed!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  i = read(fd, buf, 2000);
-  if(i == 2000){
-    printf(stdout, "read succeeded ok\n");
-  } else {
-    printf(stdout, "read failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-
-  if(unlink("small") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "unlink small failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  printf(stdout, "small file test ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-writetest1(void)
-{
-  int i, fd, n;
-
-  printf(stdout, "big files test\n");
-
-  fd = open("big", O_CREATE|O_RDWR);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "error: creat big failed!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  for(i = 0; i < MAXFILE; i++){
-    ((int*)buf)[0] = i;
-    if(write(fd, buf, 512) != 512){
-      printf(stdout, "error: write big file failed\n", i);
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-
-  close(fd);
-
-  fd = open("big", O_RDONLY);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "error: open big failed!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  n = 0;
-  for(;;){
-    i = read(fd, buf, 512);
-    if(i == 0){
-      if(n == MAXFILE - 1){
-        printf(stdout, "read only %d blocks from big", n);
-        exit();
-      }
-      break;
-    } else if(i != 512){
-      printf(stdout, "read failed %d\n", i);
-      exit();
-    }
-    if(((int*)buf)[0] != n){
-      printf(stdout, "read content of block %d is %d\n",
-             n, ((int*)buf)[0]);
-      exit();
-    }
-    n++;
-  }
-  close(fd);
-  if(unlink("big") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "unlink big failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  printf(stdout, "big files ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-createtest(void)
-{
-  int i, fd;
-
-  printf(stdout, "many creates, followed by unlink test\n");
-
-  name[0] = 'a';
-  name[2] = '\0';
-  for(i = 0; i < 52; i++){
-    name[1] = '0' + i;
-    fd = open(name, O_CREATE|O_RDWR);
-    close(fd);
-  }
-  name[0] = 'a';
-  name[2] = '\0';
-  for(i = 0; i < 52; i++){
-    name[1] = '0' + i;
-    unlink(name);
-  }
-  printf(stdout, "many creates, followed by unlink; ok\n");
-}
-
-void dirtest(void)
-{
-  printf(stdout, "mkdir test\n");
-
-  if(mkdir("dir0") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "mkdir failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(chdir("dir0") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "chdir dir0 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(chdir("..") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "chdir .. failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(unlink("dir0") < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "unlink dir0 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  printf(stdout, "mkdir test ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-exectest(void)
-{
-  printf(stdout, "exec test\n");
-  if(exec("echo", echoargv) < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "exec echo failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-}
-
-// simple fork and pipe read/write
-
-void
-pipe1(void)
-{
-  int fds[2], pid;
-  int seq, i, n, cc, total;
-
-  if(pipe(fds) != 0){
-    printf(1, "pipe() failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  pid = fork();
-  seq = 0;
-  if(pid == 0){
-    close(fds[0]);
-    for(n = 0; n < 5; n++){
-      for(i = 0; i < 1033; i++)
-        buf[i] = seq++;
-      if(write(fds[1], buf, 1033) != 1033){
-        printf(1, "pipe1 oops 1\n");
-        exit();
-      }
-    }
-    exit();
-  } else if(pid > 0){
-    close(fds[1]);
-    total = 0;
-    cc = 1;
-    while((n = read(fds[0], buf, cc)) > 0){
-      for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
-        if((buf[i] & 0xff) != (seq++ & 0xff)){
-          printf(1, "pipe1 oops 2\n");
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-      total += n;
-      cc = cc * 2;
-      if(cc > sizeof(buf))
-        cc = sizeof(buf);
-    }
-    if(total != 5 * 1033){
-      printf(1, "pipe1 oops 3 total %d\n", total);
-      exit();
-    }
-    close(fds[0]);
-    wait();
-  } else {
-    printf(1, "fork() failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  printf(1, "pipe1 ok\n");
-}
-
-// meant to be run w/ at most two CPUs
-void
-preempt(void)
-{
-  int pid1, pid2, pid3;
-  int pfds[2];
-
-  printf(1, "preempt: ");
-  pid1 = fork();
-  if(pid1 < 0) {
-    printf(1, "fork failed");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(pid1 == 0)
-    for(;;)
-      ;
-
-  pid2 = fork();
-  if(pid2 < 0) {
-    printf(1, "fork failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(pid2 == 0)
-    for(;;)
-      ;
-
-  pipe(pfds);
-  pid3 = fork();
-  if(pid3 < 0) {
-     printf(1, "fork failed\n");
-     exit();
-  }
-  if(pid3 == 0){
-    close(pfds[0]);
-    if(write(pfds[1], "x", 1) != 1)
-      printf(1, "preempt write error");
-    close(pfds[1]);
-    for(;;)
-      ;
-  }
-
-  close(pfds[1]);
-  if(read(pfds[0], buf, sizeof(buf)) != 1){
-    printf(1, "preempt read error");
-    return;
-  }
-  close(pfds[0]);
-  printf(1, "kill... ");
-  kill(pid1);
-  kill(pid2);
-  kill(pid3);
-  printf(1, "wait... ");
-  wait();
-  wait();
-  wait();
-  printf(1, "preempt ok\n");
-}
-
-// try to find any races between exit and wait
-void
-exitwait(void)
-{
-  int i, pid;
-
-  for(i = 0; i < 100; i++){
-    pid = fork();
-    if(pid < 0){
-      printf(1, "fork failed\n");
-      return;
-    }
-    if(pid){
-      if(wait() != pid){
-        printf(1, "wait wrong pid\n");
-        return;
-      }
-    } else {
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-  printf(1, "exitwait ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-mem(void)
-{
-  void *m1, *m2;
-  int pid, ppid;
-
-  printf(1, "mem test\n");
-  ppid = getpid();
-  if((pid = fork()) == 0){
-    m1 = 0;
-    while((m2 = malloc(10001)) != 0){
-      *(char**)m2 = m1;
-      m1 = m2;
-    }
-    while(m1){
-      m2 = *(char**)m1;
-      free(m1);
-      m1 = m2;
-    }
-    m1 = malloc(1024*20);
-    if(m1 == 0){
-      printf(1, "couldn't allocate mem?!!\n");
-      kill(ppid);
-      exit();
-    }
-    free(m1);
-    printf(1, "mem ok\n");
-    exit();
-  } else {
-    wait();
-  }
-}
-
-// More file system tests
-
-// two processes write to the same file descriptor
-// is the offset shared? does inode locking work?
-void
-sharedfd(void)
-{
-  int fd, pid, i, n, nc, np;
-  char buf[10];
-
-  printf(1, "sharedfd test\n");
-
-  unlink("sharedfd");
-  fd = open("sharedfd", O_CREATE|O_RDWR);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "fstests: cannot open sharedfd for writing");
-    return;
-  }
-  pid = fork();
-  memset(buf, pid==0?'c':'p', sizeof(buf));
-  for(i = 0; i < 1000; i++){
-    if(write(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) != sizeof(buf)){
-      printf(1, "fstests: write sharedfd failed\n");
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  if(pid == 0)
-    exit();
-  else
-    wait();
-  close(fd);
-  fd = open("sharedfd", 0);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "fstests: cannot open sharedfd for reading\n");
-    return;
-  }
-  nc = np = 0;
-  while((n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0){
-    for(i = 0; i < sizeof(buf); i++){
-      if(buf[i] == 'c')
-        nc++;
-      if(buf[i] == 'p')
-        np++;
-    }
-  }
-  close(fd);
-  unlink("sharedfd");
-  if(nc == 10000 && np == 10000){
-    printf(1, "sharedfd ok\n");
-  } else {
-    printf(1, "sharedfd oops %d %d\n", nc, np);
-    exit();
-  }
-}
-
-// four processes write different files at the same
-// time, to test block allocation.
-void
-fourfiles(void)
-{
-  int fd, pid, i, j, n, total, pi;
-  char *names[] = { "f0", "f1", "f2", "f3" };
-  char *fname;
-
-  printf(1, "fourfiles test\n");
-
-  for(pi = 0; pi < 4; pi++){
-    fname = names[pi];
-    unlink(fname);
-
-    pid = fork();
-    if(pid < 0){
-      printf(1, "fork failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-
-    if(pid == 0){
-      fd = open(fname, O_CREATE | O_RDWR);
-      if(fd < 0){
-        printf(1, "create failed\n");
-        exit();
-      }
-
-      memset(buf, '0'+pi, 512);
-      for(i = 0; i < 12; i++){
-        if((n = write(fd, buf, 500)) != 500){
-          printf(1, "write failed %d\n", n);
-          exit();
-        }
-      }
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-
-  for(pi = 0; pi < 4; pi++){
-    wait();
-  }
-
-  for(i = 0; i < 2; i++){
-    fname = names[i];
-    fd = open(fname, 0);
-    total = 0;
-    while((n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0){
-      for(j = 0; j < n; j++){
-        if(buf[j] != '0'+i){
-          printf(1, "wrong char\n");
-          exit();
-        }
-      }
-      total += n;
-    }
-    close(fd);
-    if(total != 12*500){
-      printf(1, "wrong length %d\n", total);
-      exit();
-    }
-    unlink(fname);
-  }
-
-  printf(1, "fourfiles ok\n");
-}
-
-// four processes create and delete different files in same directory
-void
-createdelete(void)
-{
-  enum { N = 20, NCHILD=4 };
-  int pid, i, fd, pi;
-  char name[32];
-
-  printf(1, "createdelete test\n");
-
-  for(pi = 0; pi < NCHILD; pi++){
-    pid = fork();
-    if(pid < 0){
-      printf(1, "fork failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-
-    if(pid == 0){
-      name[0] = 'p' + pi;
-      name[2] = '\0';
-      for(i = 0; i < N; i++){
-        name[1] = '0' + i;
-        fd = open(name, O_CREATE | O_RDWR);
-        if(fd < 0){
-          printf(1, "create failed\n");
-          exit();
-        }
-        close(fd);
-        if(i > 0 && (i % 2 ) == 0){
-          name[1] = '0' + (i / 2);
-          if(unlink(name) < 0){
-            printf(1, "unlink failed\n");
-            exit();
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-
-  for(pi = 0; pi < NCHILD; pi++){
-    wait();
-  }
-
-  name[0] = name[1] = name[2] = 0;
-  for(i = 0; i < N; i++){
-    for(pi = 0; pi < NCHILD; pi++){
-      name[0] = 'p' + pi;
-      name[1] = '0' + i;
-      fd = open(name, 0);
-      if((i == 0 || i >= N/2) && fd < 0){
-        printf(1, "oops createdelete %s didn't exist\n", name);
-        exit();
-      } else if((i >= 1 && i < N/2) && fd >= 0){
-        printf(1, "oops createdelete %s did exist\n", name);
-        exit();
-      }
-      if(fd >= 0)
-        close(fd);
-    }
-  }
-
-  for(i = 0; i < N; i++){
-    for(pi = 0; pi < NCHILD; pi++){
-      name[0] = 'p' + i;
-      name[1] = '0' + i;
-      unlink(name);
-    }
-  }
-
-  printf(1, "createdelete ok\n");
-}
-
-// can I unlink a file and still read it?
-void
-unlinkread(void)
-{
-  int fd, fd1;
-
-  printf(1, "unlinkread test\n");
-  fd = open("unlinkread", O_CREATE | O_RDWR);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "create unlinkread failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  write(fd, "hello", 5);
-  close(fd);
-
-  fd = open("unlinkread", O_RDWR);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "open unlinkread failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("unlinkread") != 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink unlinkread failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  fd1 = open("unlinkread", O_CREATE | O_RDWR);
-  write(fd1, "yyy", 3);
-  close(fd1);
-
-  if(read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) != 5){
-    printf(1, "unlinkread read failed");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(buf[0] != 'h'){
-    printf(1, "unlinkread wrong data\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(write(fd, buf, 10) != 10){
-    printf(1, "unlinkread write failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-  unlink("unlinkread");
-  printf(1, "unlinkread ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-linktest(void)
-{
-  int fd;
-
-  printf(1, "linktest\n");
-
-  unlink("lf1");
-  unlink("lf2");
-
-  fd = open("lf1", O_CREATE|O_RDWR);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "create lf1 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(write(fd, "hello", 5) != 5){
-    printf(1, "write lf1 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-
-  if(link("lf1", "lf2") < 0){
-    printf(1, "link lf1 lf2 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  unlink("lf1");
-
-  if(open("lf1", 0) >= 0){
-    printf(1, "unlinked lf1 but it is still there!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  fd = open("lf2", 0);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "open lf2 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) != 5){
-    printf(1, "read lf2 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-
-  if(link("lf2", "lf2") >= 0){
-    printf(1, "link lf2 lf2 succeeded! oops\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  unlink("lf2");
-  if(link("lf2", "lf1") >= 0){
-    printf(1, "link non-existant succeeded! oops\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(link(".", "lf1") >= 0){
-    printf(1, "link . lf1 succeeded! oops\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  printf(1, "linktest ok\n");
-}
-
-// test concurrent create/link/unlink of the same file
-void
-concreate(void)
-{
-  char file[3];
-  int i, pid, n, fd;
-  char fa[40];
-  struct {
-    ushort inum;
-    char name[14];
-  } de;
-
-  printf(1, "concreate test\n");
-  file[0] = 'C';
-  file[2] = '\0';
-  for(i = 0; i < 40; i++){
-    file[1] = '0' + i;
-    unlink(file);
-    pid = fork();
-    if(pid && (i % 3) == 1){
-      link("C0", file);
-    } else if(pid == 0 && (i % 5) == 1){
-      link("C0", file);
-    } else {
-      fd = open(file, O_CREATE | O_RDWR);
-      if(fd < 0){
-        printf(1, "concreate create %s failed\n", file);
-        exit();
-      }
-      close(fd);
-    }
-    if(pid == 0)
-      exit();
-    else
-      wait();
-  }
-
-  memset(fa, 0, sizeof(fa));
-  fd = open(".", 0);
-  n = 0;
-  while(read(fd, &de, sizeof(de)) > 0){
-    if(de.inum == 0)
-      continue;
-    if(de.name[0] == 'C' && de.name[2] == '\0'){
-      i = de.name[1] - '0';
-      if(i < 0 || i >= sizeof(fa)){
-        printf(1, "concreate weird file %s\n", de.name);
-        exit();
-      }
-      if(fa[i]){
-        printf(1, "concreate duplicate file %s\n", de.name);
-        exit();
-      }
-      fa[i] = 1;
-      n++;
-    }
-  }
-  close(fd);
-
-  if(n != 40){
-    printf(1, "concreate not enough files in directory listing\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  for(i = 0; i < 40; i++){
-    file[1] = '0' + i;
-    pid = fork();
-    if(pid < 0){
-      printf(1, "fork failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    if(((i % 3) == 0 && pid == 0) ||
-       ((i % 3) == 1 && pid != 0)){
-      close(open(file, 0));
-      close(open(file, 0));
-      close(open(file, 0));
-      close(open(file, 0));
-    } else {
-      unlink(file);
-      unlink(file);
-      unlink(file);
-      unlink(file);
-    }
-    if(pid == 0)
-      exit();
-    else
-      wait();
-  }
-
-  printf(1, "concreate ok\n");
-}
-
-// another concurrent link/unlink/create test,
-// to look for deadlocks.
-void
-linkunlink()
-{
-  int pid, i;
-
-  printf(1, "linkunlink test\n");
-
-  unlink("x");
-  pid = fork();
-  if(pid < 0){
-    printf(1, "fork failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  unsigned int x = (pid ? 1 : 97);
-  for(i = 0; i < 100; i++){
-    x = x * 1103515245 + 12345;
-    if((x % 3) == 0){
-      close(open("x", O_RDWR | O_CREATE));
-    } else if((x % 3) == 1){
-      link("cat", "x");
-    } else {
-      unlink("x");
-    }
-  }
-
-  if(pid)
-    wait();
-  else
-    exit();
-
-  printf(1, "linkunlink ok\n");
-}
-
-// directory that uses indirect blocks
-void
-bigdir(void)
-{
-  int i, fd;
-  char name[10];
-
-  printf(1, "bigdir test\n");
-  unlink("bd");
-
-  fd = open("bd", O_CREATE);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "bigdir create failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-
-  for(i = 0; i < 500; i++){
-    name[0] = 'x';
-    name[1] = '0' + (i / 64);
-    name[2] = '0' + (i % 64);
-    name[3] = '\0';
-    if(link("bd", name) != 0){
-      printf(1, "bigdir link failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-
-  unlink("bd");
-  for(i = 0; i < 500; i++){
-    name[0] = 'x';
-    name[1] = '0' + (i / 64);
-    name[2] = '0' + (i % 64);
-    name[3] = '\0';
-    if(unlink(name) != 0){
-      printf(1, "bigdir unlink failed");
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-
-  printf(1, "bigdir ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-subdir(void)
-{
-  int fd, cc;
-
-  printf(1, "subdir test\n");
-
-  unlink("ff");
-  if(mkdir("dd") != 0){
-    printf(1, "subdir mkdir dd failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  fd = open("dd/ff", O_CREATE | O_RDWR);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "create dd/ff failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  write(fd, "ff", 2);
-  close(fd);
-
-  if(unlink("dd") >= 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dd (non-empty dir) succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(mkdir("/dd/dd") != 0){
-    printf(1, "subdir mkdir dd/dd failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  fd = open("dd/dd/ff", O_CREATE | O_RDWR);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "create dd/dd/ff failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  write(fd, "FF", 2);
-  close(fd);
-
-  fd = open("dd/dd/../ff", 0);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "open dd/dd/../ff failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  cc = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
-  if(cc != 2 || buf[0] != 'f'){
-    printf(1, "dd/dd/../ff wrong content\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-
-  if(link("dd/dd/ff", "dd/dd/ffff") != 0){
-    printf(1, "link dd/dd/ff dd/dd/ffff failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(unlink("dd/dd/ff") != 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dd/dd/ff failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(open("dd/dd/ff", O_RDONLY) >= 0){
-    printf(1, "open (unlinked) dd/dd/ff succeeded\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(chdir("dd") != 0){
-    printf(1, "chdir dd failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(chdir("dd/../../dd") != 0){
-    printf(1, "chdir dd/../../dd failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(chdir("dd/../../../dd") != 0){
-    printf(1, "chdir dd/../../dd failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(chdir("./..") != 0){
-    printf(1, "chdir ./.. failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  fd = open("dd/dd/ffff", 0);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "open dd/dd/ffff failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) != 2){
-    printf(1, "read dd/dd/ffff wrong len\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-
-  if(open("dd/dd/ff", O_RDONLY) >= 0){
-    printf(1, "open (unlinked) dd/dd/ff succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(open("dd/ff/ff", O_CREATE|O_RDWR) >= 0){
-    printf(1, "create dd/ff/ff succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(open("dd/xx/ff", O_CREATE|O_RDWR) >= 0){
-    printf(1, "create dd/xx/ff succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(open("dd", O_CREATE) >= 0){
-    printf(1, "create dd succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(open("dd", O_RDWR) >= 0){
-    printf(1, "open dd rdwr succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(open("dd", O_WRONLY) >= 0){
-    printf(1, "open dd wronly succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(link("dd/ff/ff", "dd/dd/xx") == 0){
-    printf(1, "link dd/ff/ff dd/dd/xx succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(link("dd/xx/ff", "dd/dd/xx") == 0){
-    printf(1, "link dd/xx/ff dd/dd/xx succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(link("dd/ff", "dd/dd/ffff") == 0){
-    printf(1, "link dd/ff dd/dd/ffff succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(mkdir("dd/ff/ff") == 0){
-    printf(1, "mkdir dd/ff/ff succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(mkdir("dd/xx/ff") == 0){
-    printf(1, "mkdir dd/xx/ff succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(mkdir("dd/dd/ffff") == 0){
-    printf(1, "mkdir dd/dd/ffff succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dd/xx/ff") == 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dd/xx/ff succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dd/ff/ff") == 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dd/ff/ff succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(chdir("dd/ff") == 0){
-    printf(1, "chdir dd/ff succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(chdir("dd/xx") == 0){
-    printf(1, "chdir dd/xx succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(unlink("dd/dd/ffff") != 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dd/dd/ff failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dd/ff") != 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dd/ff failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dd") == 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink non-empty dd succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dd/dd") < 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dd/dd failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dd") < 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dd failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  printf(1, "subdir ok\n");
-}
-
-// test writes that are larger than the log.
-void
-bigwrite(void)
-{
-  int fd, sz;
-
-  printf(1, "bigwrite test\n");
-
-  unlink("bigwrite");
-  for(sz = 499; sz < 12*512; sz += 471){
-    fd = open("bigwrite", O_CREATE | O_RDWR);
-    if(fd < 0){
-      printf(1, "cannot create bigwrite\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    int i;
-    for(i = 0; i < 2; i++){
-      int cc = write(fd, buf, sz);
-      if(cc != sz){
-        printf(1, "write(%d) ret %d\n", sz, cc);
-        exit();
-      }
-    }
-    close(fd);
-    unlink("bigwrite");
-  }
-
-  printf(1, "bigwrite ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-bigfile(void)
-{
-  int fd, i, total, cc;
-
-  printf(1, "bigfile test\n");
-
-  unlink("bigfile");
-  fd = open("bigfile", O_CREATE | O_RDWR);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "cannot create bigfile");
-    exit();
-  }
-  for(i = 0; i < 20; i++){
-    memset(buf, i, 600);
-    if(write(fd, buf, 600) != 600){
-      printf(1, "write bigfile failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-  close(fd);
-
-  fd = open("bigfile", 0);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "cannot open bigfile\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  total = 0;
-  for(i = 0; ; i++){
-    cc = read(fd, buf, 300);
-    if(cc < 0){
-      printf(1, "read bigfile failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    if(cc == 0)
-      break;
-    if(cc != 300){
-      printf(1, "short read bigfile\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    if(buf[0] != i/2 || buf[299] != i/2){
-      printf(1, "read bigfile wrong data\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    total += cc;
-  }
-  close(fd);
-  if(total != 20*600){
-    printf(1, "read bigfile wrong total\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  unlink("bigfile");
-
-  printf(1, "bigfile test ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-fourteen(void)
-{
-  int fd;
-
-  // DIRSIZ is 14.
-  printf(1, "fourteen test\n");
-
-  if(mkdir("12345678901234") != 0){
-    printf(1, "mkdir 12345678901234 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(mkdir("12345678901234/123456789012345") != 0){
-    printf(1, "mkdir 12345678901234/123456789012345 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  fd = open("123456789012345/123456789012345/123456789012345", O_CREATE);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "create 123456789012345/123456789012345/123456789012345 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-  fd = open("12345678901234/12345678901234/12345678901234", 0);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "open 12345678901234/12345678901234/12345678901234 failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-
-  if(mkdir("12345678901234/12345678901234") == 0){
-    printf(1, "mkdir 12345678901234/12345678901234 succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(mkdir("123456789012345/12345678901234") == 0){
-    printf(1, "mkdir 12345678901234/123456789012345 succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  printf(1, "fourteen ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-rmdot(void)
-{
-  printf(1, "rmdot test\n");
-  if(mkdir("dots") != 0){
-    printf(1, "mkdir dots failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(chdir("dots") != 0){
-    printf(1, "chdir dots failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink(".") == 0){
-    printf(1, "rm . worked!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("..") == 0){
-    printf(1, "rm .. worked!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(chdir("/") != 0){
-    printf(1, "chdir / failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dots/.") == 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dots/. worked!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dots/..") == 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dots/.. worked!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dots") != 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dots failed!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  printf(1, "rmdot ok\n");
-}
-
-void
-dirfile(void)
-{
-  int fd;
-
-  printf(1, "dir vs file\n");
-
-  fd = open("dirfile", O_CREATE);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(1, "create dirfile failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-  if(chdir("dirfile") == 0){
-    printf(1, "chdir dirfile succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  fd = open("dirfile/xx", 0);
-  if(fd >= 0){
-    printf(1, "create dirfile/xx succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  fd = open("dirfile/xx", O_CREATE);
-  if(fd >= 0){
-    printf(1, "create dirfile/xx succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(mkdir("dirfile/xx") == 0){
-    printf(1, "mkdir dirfile/xx succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dirfile/xx") == 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dirfile/xx succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(link("README", "dirfile/xx") == 0){
-    printf(1, "link to dirfile/xx succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(unlink("dirfile") != 0){
-    printf(1, "unlink dirfile failed!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  fd = open(".", O_RDWR);
-  if(fd >= 0){
-    printf(1, "open . for writing succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  fd = open(".", 0);
-  if(write(fd, "x", 1) > 0){
-    printf(1, "write . succeeded!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-
-  printf(1, "dir vs file OK\n");
-}
-
-// test that iput() is called at the end of _namei()
-void
-iref(void)
-{
-  int i, fd;
-
-  printf(1, "empty file name\n");
-
-  // the 50 is NINODE
-  for(i = 0; i < 50 + 1; i++){
-    if(mkdir("irefd") != 0){
-      printf(1, "mkdir irefd failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    if(chdir("irefd") != 0){
-      printf(1, "chdir irefd failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-
-    mkdir("");
-    link("README", "");
-    fd = open("", O_CREATE);
-    if(fd >= 0)
-      close(fd);
-    fd = open("xx", O_CREATE);
-    if(fd >= 0)
-      close(fd);
-    unlink("xx");
-  }
-
-  chdir("/");
-  printf(1, "empty file name OK\n");
-}
-
-// test that fork fails gracefully
-// the forktest binary also does this, but it runs out of proc entries first.
-// inside the bigger usertests binary, we run out of memory first.
-void
-forktest(void)
-{
-  int n, pid;
-
-  printf(1, "fork test\n");
-
-  for(n=0; n<1000; n++){
-    pid = fork();
-    if(pid < 0)
-      break;
-    if(pid == 0)
-      exit();
-  }
-
-  if (n == 0) {
-    printf(1, "no fork at all!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(n == 1000){
-    printf(1, "fork claimed to work 1000 times!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  for(; n > 0; n--){
-    if(wait() < 0){
-      printf(1, "wait stopped early\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-
-  if(wait() != -1){
-    printf(1, "wait got too many\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  printf(1, "fork test OK\n");
-}
-
-void
-sbrktest(void)
-{
-  int i, fds[2], pids[10], pid, ppid;
-  char *c, *oldbrk, scratch, *a, *b, *lastaddr, *p;
-  uint64 amt;
-  #define BIG (100*1024*1024)
-
-  printf(stdout, "sbrk test\n");
-  oldbrk = sbrk(0);
-
-  // can one sbrk() less than a page?
-  a = sbrk(0);
-  for(i = 0; i < 5000; i++){
-    b = sbrk(1);
-    if(b != a){
-      printf(stdout, "sbrk test failed %d %x %x\n", i, a, b);
-      exit();
-    }
-    *b = 1;
-    a = b + 1;
-  }
-  pid = fork();
-  if(pid < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "sbrk test fork failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  c = sbrk(1);
-  c = sbrk(1);
-  if(c != a + 1){
-    printf(stdout, "sbrk test failed post-fork\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(pid == 0)
-    exit();
-  wait();
-
-  // can one grow address space to something big?
-  a = sbrk(0);
-  amt = (BIG) - (uint64)a;
-  p = sbrk(amt);
-  if (p != a) {
-    printf(stdout, "sbrk test failed to grow big address space; enough phys mem?\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  lastaddr = (char*) (BIG-1);
-  *lastaddr = 99;
-
-  // can one de-allocate?
-  a = sbrk(0);
-  c = sbrk(-4096);
-  if(c == (char*)0xffffffff){
-    printf(stdout, "sbrk could not deallocate\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  c = sbrk(0);
-  if(c != a - 4096){
-    printf(stdout, "sbrk deallocation produced wrong address, a %x c %x\n", a, c);
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  // can one re-allocate that page?
-  a = sbrk(0);
-  c = sbrk(4096);
-  if(c != a || sbrk(0) != a + 4096){
-    printf(stdout, "sbrk re-allocation failed, a %x c %x\n", a, c);
-    exit();
-  }
-  if(*lastaddr == 99){
-    // should be zero
-    printf(stdout, "sbrk de-allocation didn't really deallocate\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  a = sbrk(0);
-  c = sbrk(-(sbrk(0) - oldbrk));
-  if(c != a){
-    printf(stdout, "sbrk downsize failed, a %x c %x\n", a, c);
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  // can we read the kernel's memory?
-  for(a = (char*)(KERNBASE); a < (char*) (KERNBASE+2000000); a += 50000){
-    ppid = getpid();
-    pid = fork();
-    if(pid < 0){
-      printf(stdout, "fork failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-    if(pid == 0){
-      printf(stdout, "oops could read %x = %x\n", a, *a);
-      kill(ppid);
-      exit();
-    }
-    wait();
-  }
-    
-  // if we run the system out of memory, does it clean up the last
-  // failed allocation?
-  if(pipe(fds) != 0){
-    printf(1, "pipe() failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  for(i = 0; i < sizeof(pids)/sizeof(pids[0]); i++){
-    if((pids[i] = fork()) == 0){
-      // allocate a lot of memory
-      sbrk(BIG - (uint64)sbrk(0));
-      write(fds[1], "x", 1);
-      // sit around until killed
-      for(;;) sleep(1000);
-    }
-    if(pids[i] != -1)
-      read(fds[0], &scratch, 1);
-  }
-
-  // if those failed allocations freed up the pages they did allocate,
-  // we'll be able to allocate here
-  c = sbrk(4096);
-  for(i = 0; i < sizeof(pids)/sizeof(pids[0]); i++){
-    if(pids[i] == -1)
-      continue;
-    kill(pids[i]);
-    wait();
-  }
-  if(c == (char*)0xffffffff){
-    printf(stdout, "failed sbrk leaked memory\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-
-  if(sbrk(0) > oldbrk)
-    sbrk(-(sbrk(0) - oldbrk));
-
-  printf(stdout, "sbrk test OK\n");
-}
-
-void
-validateint(int *p)
-{
-  /* XXX int res;
-  asm("mov %%esp, %%ebx\n\t"
-      "mov %3, %%esp\n\t"
-      "int %2\n\t"
-      "mov %%ebx, %%esp" :
-      "=a" (res) :
-      "a" (SYS_sleep), "n" (T_SYSCALL), "c" (p) :
-      "ebx");
-  */
-}
-
-void
-validatetest(void)
-{
-  int hi, pid;
-  uint64 p;
-
-  printf(stdout, "validate test\n");
-  hi = 1100*1024;
-
-  for(p = 0; p <= (uint)hi; p += 4096){
-    if((pid = fork()) == 0){
-      // try to crash the kernel by passing in a badly placed integer
-      validateint((int*)p);
-      exit();
-    }
-    sleep(0);
-    sleep(0);
-    kill(pid);
-    wait();
-
-    // try to crash the kernel by passing in a bad string pointer
-    if(link("nosuchfile", (char*)p) != -1){
-      printf(stdout, "link should not succeed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-
-  printf(stdout, "validate ok\n");
-}
-
-// does unintialized data start out zero?
-char uninit[10000];
-void
-bsstest(void)
-{
-  int i;
-
-  printf(stdout, "bss test\n");
-  for(i = 0; i < sizeof(uninit); i++){
-    if(uninit[i] != '\0'){
-      printf(stdout, "bss test failed\n");
-      exit();
-    }
-  }
-  printf(stdout, "bss test ok\n");
-}
-
-// does exec return an error if the arguments
-// are larger than a page? or does it write
-// below the stack and wreck the instructions/data?
-void
-bigargtest(void)
-{
-  int pid, fd;
-
-  unlink("bigarg-ok");
-  pid = fork();
-  if(pid == 0){
-    static char *args[MAXARG];
-    int i;
-    for(i = 0; i < MAXARG-1; i++)
-      args[i] = "bigargs test: failed\n                                                                                                                                                                                                       ";
-    args[MAXARG-1] = 0;
-    printf(stdout, "bigarg test\n");
-    exec("echo", args);
-    printf(stdout, "bigarg test ok\n");
-    fd = open("bigarg-ok", O_CREATE);
-    close(fd);
-    exit();
-  } else if(pid < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "bigargtest: fork failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  wait();
-  fd = open("bigarg-ok", 0);
-  if(fd < 0){
-    printf(stdout, "bigarg test failed!\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(fd);
-  unlink("bigarg-ok");
-}
-
-// what happens when the file system runs out of blocks?
-// answer: balloc panics, so this test is not useful.
-void
-fsfull()
-{
-  int nfiles;
-  int fsblocks = 0;
-
-  printf(1, "fsfull test\n");
-
-  for(nfiles = 0; ; nfiles++){
-    char name[64];
-    name[0] = 'f';
-    name[1] = '0' + nfiles / 1000;
-    name[2] = '0' + (nfiles % 1000) / 100;
-    name[3] = '0' + (nfiles % 100) / 10;
-    name[4] = '0' + (nfiles % 10);
-    name[5] = '\0';
-    printf(1, "writing %s\n", name);
-    int fd = open(name, O_CREATE|O_RDWR);
-    if(fd < 0){
-      printf(1, "open %s failed\n", name);
-      break;
-    }
-    int total = 0;
-    while(1){
-      int cc = write(fd, buf, 512);
-      if(cc < 512)
-        break;
-      total += cc;
-      fsblocks++;
-    }
-    printf(1, "wrote %d bytes\n", total);
-    close(fd);
-    if(total == 0)
-      break;
-  }
-
-  while(nfiles >= 0){
-    char name[64];
-    name[0] = 'f';
-    name[1] = '0' + nfiles / 1000;
-    name[2] = '0' + (nfiles % 1000) / 100;
-    name[3] = '0' + (nfiles % 100) / 10;
-    name[4] = '0' + (nfiles % 10);
-    name[5] = '\0';
-    unlink(name);
-    nfiles--;
-  }
-
-  printf(1, "fsfull test finished\n");
-}
-
-void argptest()
-{
-  int fd;
-  fd = open("init", O_RDONLY);
-  if (fd < 0) {
-    printf(2, "open failed\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  read(fd, sbrk(0) - 1, -1);
-  close(fd);
-  printf(1, "arg test passed\n");
-}
-
-unsigned long randstate = 1;
-unsigned int
-rand()
-{
-  randstate = randstate * 1664525 + 1013904223;
-  return randstate;
-}
-
-int
-main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-  printf(1, "usertests starting\n");
-
-  if(open("usertests.ran", 0) >= 0){
-    printf(1, "already ran user tests -- rebuild fs.img\n");
-    exit();
-  }
-  close(open("usertests.ran", O_CREATE));
-
-  argptest();
-  createdelete();
-  linkunlink();
-  concreate();
-  fourfiles();
-  sharedfd();
-
-  bigargtest();
-  bigwrite();
-  bigargtest();
-  bsstest();
-  sbrktest();
-  validatetest();
-
-  opentest();
-  writetest();
-  writetest1();
-  createtest();
-
-  openiputtest();
-  exitiputtest();
-  iputtest();
-
-  mem();
-  pipe1();
-  preempt();
-  exitwait();
-
-  rmdot();
-  fourteen();
-  bigfile();
-  subdir();
-  linktest();
-  unlinkread();
-  dirfile();
-  iref();
-  forktest();
-  bigdir(); // slow
-
-  exectest();
-
-  exit();
-}